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README.Rmd
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---
output: github_document
always_allow_html: yes
bibliography: [vignettes/references.bib]
biblio-style: apalike
link-citations: yes
---
<!-- README.md is generated from README.Rmd. Please edit that file -->
```{r, include = FALSE}
options(width = 130)
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
collapse = TRUE,
fig.retina = 2,
comment = "#>",
fig.path = "man/figures/README-",
out.width = "100%"
)
suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(dplyr))
suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(ggplot2))
```
# dscore
<!-- badges: start -->
[](https://lifecycle.r-lib.org/articles/stages.html#maturing)
[](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dscore)
[](https://cran.r-project.org/package=dscore)
[](https://github.com/d-score/dscore)
<!-- badges: end -->
The D-score is a numerical score that measures generic development
in children. Use the D-score to analyze and predict early development of
children similar to measures like height and weight.
The `dscore` package contains tools to
- Map your item names to the GSED convention
- Calculate D-score from item level responses
- Transform the D-scores into DAZ, age-standardised Z-scores
The required input consists of *item level* responses on milestones
from widely used instruments for measuring child development.
## Installation
You can install the development version from [GitHub](https://github.com/) with:
``` r
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("d-score/dscore")
```
## Overview
You may estimate the D-score and the Development-for-Age Z-score (DAZ) from child data on developmental milestones. Four steps are needed:
1. Identify whether the `dscore` package covers your measurement instrument;
2. Map your variable names to the GSED 9-position schema;
3. Calculate D-score and DAZ;
4. Summarise your results.
The `dscore` package provides various function that support these steps. See [Getting started](https://d-score.org/dscore/articles/getting_started.html) for more details.
## Resources
### Books and reports
1. [D-score: Turning milestones into measurement](https://d-score.org/dbook1/)
2. [Inventory of 147 instruments for measuring early child development](https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/384681513101293811/a-toolkit-for-measuring-early-childhood-development-in-low-and-middle-income-countries): @fernald2017
### Keys
1. Project with `dutch` key, 0-2 years: @vanbuuren2014
2. Project with `gcdg` key: @weber2019
3. Project with `gsed` keys: @gsedteam2023
### Methodology
1. Interval scale: @jacobusse2006
2. Adaptive testing: @jacobusse2007
### Shiny app
If you want to calculate the D-score on your own data, and you're not an `R` user, you might wish to check out our interactive Shiny [dcalculator](https://tnochildhealthstatistics.shinyapps.io/dcalculator/) app.
## Acknowledgement
The authors wish to recognize the principal investigators and their study team members for their generous contribution of the data that made this tool possible and the members of the Ki team who directly or indirectly contributed to the study: Amina Abubakar, Claudia R. Lindgren Alves, Orazio Attanasio, Maureen M. Black, Maria Caridad Araujo, Susan M. Chang-Lopez, Gary L. Darmstadt, Bernice M. Doove, Wafaie Fawzi, Lia C.H. Fernald, Günther Fink, Emanuela Galasso, Melissa Gladstone, Sally M. Grantham-McGregor, Cristina Gutierrez de Pineres, Pamela Jervis, Jena Derakhshani Hamadani, Charlotte Hanlon, Simone M. Karam, Gillian Lancaster, Betzy Lozoff, Gareth McCray, Jeffrey R Measelle, Girmay Medhin, Ana M. B. Menezes, Lauren Pisani, Helen Pitchik, Muneera Rasheed, Lisy Ratsifandrihamanana, Sarah Reynolds, Linda Richter, Marta Rubio-Codina, Norbert Schady, Limbika Sengani, Chris Sudfeld, Marcus Waldman, Susan P. Walker, Ann M. Weber and Aisha K. Yousafzai.
This study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and may not necessarily represent the official views of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation or other agencies that may have supported the primary data studies used in the present study.
### Literature