diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/ProxyServer.java b/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/ProxyServer.java
index 0f310ddb6..587995383 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/ProxyServer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/ProxyServer.java
@@ -80,8 +80,13 @@ public class ProxyServer extends AbstractApiService {
   private final ConcurrentLinkedQueue<WireMessage> debugMessages = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
   private final AtomicInteger debugMessageCount = new AtomicInteger();
 
-  ProxyServer(OptionsMetadata optionsMetadata) {
-    this(optionsMetadata, OpenTelemetry.noop());
+  /**
+   * Instantiates the ProxyServer from CLI-gathered metadata.
+   *
+   * @param optionsMetadata Resulting metadata from CLI.
+   */
+  public ProxyServer(OptionsMetadata optionsMetadata) {
+    this(optionsMetadata, Server.setupOpenTelemetry(optionsMetadata));
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/Server.java b/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/Server.java
index c967638fe..9054e4829 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/Server.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/Server.java
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ public static void main(String[] args) {
     }
   }
 
-  static OpenTelemetry setupOpenTelemetry(OptionsMetadata optionsMetadata) throws IOException {
+  /** Creates an {@link OpenTelemetry} object from the given options. */
+  static OpenTelemetry setupOpenTelemetry(OptionsMetadata optionsMetadata) {
     if (!optionsMetadata.isEnableOpenTelemetry()) {
       return OpenTelemetry.noop();
     }
@@ -77,38 +78,42 @@ static OpenTelemetry setupOpenTelemetry(OptionsMetadata optionsMetadata) throws
     if (projectId != null) {
       builder.setProjectId(projectId);
     }
-    Credentials credentials = optionsMetadata.getTelemetryCredentials();
-    if (credentials != null) {
-      builder.setCredentials(credentials);
-    }
-    builder.setFixedAttributes(
-        ImmutableMap.of(
-            "service.name",
-            AttributeValue.newBuilder()
-                .setStringValue(
-                    TruncatableString.newBuilder()
-                        .setValue(
-                            Objects.requireNonNull(getOpenTelemetrySetting("otel.service.name")))
-                        .build())
-                .build()));
-    TraceConfiguration configuration = builder.build();
-    TraceExporter traceExporter = TraceExporter.createWithConfiguration(configuration);
-    Sampler sampler;
-    if (optionsMetadata.getOpenTelemetryTraceRatio() == null) {
-      sampler = Sampler.parentBased(Sampler.traceIdRatioBased(0.05d));
-    } else {
-      sampler =
-          Sampler.parentBased(
-              Sampler.traceIdRatioBased(optionsMetadata.getOpenTelemetryTraceRatio()));
+    try {
+      Credentials credentials = optionsMetadata.getTelemetryCredentials();
+      if (credentials != null) {
+        builder.setCredentials(credentials);
+      }
+      builder.setFixedAttributes(
+          ImmutableMap.of(
+              "service.name",
+              AttributeValue.newBuilder()
+                  .setStringValue(
+                      TruncatableString.newBuilder()
+                          .setValue(
+                              Objects.requireNonNull(getOpenTelemetrySetting("otel.service.name")))
+                          .build())
+                  .build()));
+      TraceConfiguration configuration = builder.build();
+      TraceExporter traceExporter = TraceExporter.createWithConfiguration(configuration);
+      Sampler sampler;
+      if (optionsMetadata.getOpenTelemetryTraceRatio() == null) {
+        sampler = Sampler.parentBased(Sampler.traceIdRatioBased(0.05d));
+      } else {
+        sampler =
+            Sampler.parentBased(
+                Sampler.traceIdRatioBased(optionsMetadata.getOpenTelemetryTraceRatio()));
+      }
+      return AutoConfiguredOpenTelemetrySdk.builder()
+          .addTracerProviderCustomizer(
+              (sdkTracerProviderBuilder, configProperties) ->
+                  sdkTracerProviderBuilder
+                      .setSampler(sampler)
+                      .addSpanProcessor(BatchSpanProcessor.builder(traceExporter).build()))
+          .build()
+          .getOpenTelemetrySdk();
+    } catch (IOException exception) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(exception);
     }
-    return AutoConfiguredOpenTelemetrySdk.builder()
-        .addTracerProviderCustomizer(
-            (sdkTracerProviderBuilder, configProperties) ->
-                sdkTracerProviderBuilder
-                    .setSampler(sampler)
-                    .addSpanProcessor(BatchSpanProcessor.builder(traceExporter).build()))
-        .build()
-        .getOpenTelemetrySdk();
   }
 
   static String getOpenTelemetrySetting(String systemProperty) {
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/AbstractMockServerTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/AbstractMockServerTest.java
index b14f201e1..abc0eae3b 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/AbstractMockServerTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/AbstractMockServerTest.java
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
 import io.grpc.netty.shaded.io.grpc.netty.NettyServerBuilder;
 import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
@@ -1036,7 +1037,7 @@ public <ReqT, RespT> Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(
         .setEndpoint(String.format("localhost:%d", spannerServer.getPort()))
         .setCredentials(NoCredentials.getInstance());
     optionsConfigurator.accept(builder);
-    pgServer = new ProxyServer(builder.build());
+    pgServer = new ProxyServer(builder.build(), OpenTelemetry.noop());
     pgServer.startServer();
   }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/PgAdapterTestEnv.java b/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/PgAdapterTestEnv.java
index 966c13b68..48a261259 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/PgAdapterTestEnv.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/pgadapter/PgAdapterTestEnv.java
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 import com.google.common.primitives.Bytes;
 import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.CreateDatabaseMetadata;
 import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.UpdateDatabaseDdlMetadata;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry;
 import java.io.DataInputStream;
 import java.io.DataOutputStream;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ private void startPGAdapterServer(
       }
       argsListBuilder.addAll(additionalPGAdapterOptions);
       String[] args = argsListBuilder.build().toArray(new String[0]);
-      server = new ProxyServer(new OptionsMetadata(args));
+      server = new ProxyServer(new OptionsMetadata(args), OpenTelemetry.noop());
       server.startServer();
     }
   }