diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 4eff16035..bd53d9c20 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -175,3 +175,4 @@ test-data-release/
 ufo/
 ufo-data/
 vader/
+/gdas-utils
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/config/conv_ps.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/config/conv_ps.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fa4ab185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/config/conv_ps.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+obs space:
+  name: surface_ps 
+  obsdatain:
+    engine: 
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: $(DATA)/obs/$(OPREFIX)sondes.{{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: $(DATA)/diags/diag_sondes_{{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}.nc4
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+  simulated variables: [stationPressure]
+
+obs operator:
+  name: SfcPCorrected
+  variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  da_psfc_scheme: GSI
+  station_altitude: height
+  geovar_sfc_geomz: surface_altitude
+  geovar_geomz: geopotential_height
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Initial Error Assignments for SFC Observations 
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [181]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [80000, 75000, 70000, 65000, 60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [110,    120,    120,   120,   120, 1.0e+11]
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [187]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [85000, 80000, 75000, 70000, 65000, 60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [  120,   140,   140,   140,   140,   140, 1.0e+11]
+
+# Initial Error Assignments for SFCSHIP Observations 
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [180]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [  130, 1.0e+11]
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [183]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 1.0e+11
+
+# Initial Error Assignments for Radiosonde
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [120]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [80000, 75000, 70000, 65000, 60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [  110,   120,   120,   120,   120, 1.0e+11]
+
+obs post filters:
+# Observation range sanity check
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  minvalue: 37499.0
+  maxvalue: 106999.0
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject all ObsType 183
+- filter: RejectList
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 183
+
+# Reject surface pressure below 500 hPa 
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  minvalue: 50000.00
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: RejectList
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: PreQC/stationPressure
+    is_in: 4-15
+
+# Inflate obs error based on obs type
+- filter: Perform Action 
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: PreQC/stationPressure
+    is_in: 3, 7   
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation factor: 1.2  
+
+# Calculate obs error inflation factors for duplicated observations at the same location
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/stationPressure
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+      options:
+        use_air_pressure: false 
+        variable: stationPressure 
+
+# Reduce effective observation error based on obs type and subtype
+# In this case: reduce effective obs error for buoy  
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 180
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsSubType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 0
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation factor: 0.7
+
+# Reduce original observation error based on obs type and subtype
+# In this case: reduce original obs error for buoy 
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 180
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsSubType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 0
+  assignments:
+  - name: ObsError/stationPressure
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic 
+      options: 
+        variables:
+        - name: ObsError/stationPressure
+        coefs: [0.7]
+
+# Calculate obs error inflation factors for large discrepancies between model and observations 
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: ObsErrorFactorSfcPressure/stationPressure
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorSfcPressure
+      options:
+        geovar_sfc_geomz: surface_altitude
+        geovar_geomz: geopotential_height
+        station_altitude: height 
+
+# Inflate surface pressure observation based on discrepancies between
+# model and observations due to terrian
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsErrorFactorSfcPressure/stationPressure
+
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/Innovation
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic
+      options:
+        variables:
+        - name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        - name: HofX/stationPressure
+        coefs: [1, -1]
+
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure1
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorBoundConventional
+      options:
+        obsvar: stationPressure
+        obserr_bound_min: 100
+        obserr_bound_max: 300
+        obserr_bound_factor: 5.0 
+
+- filter: Background Check 
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: PreQC/stationPressure
+    is_not_in: 3
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure1
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure2
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorBoundConventional
+      options:
+        obsvar: stationPressure
+        obserr_bound_min: 100
+        obserr_bound_max: 300
+        obserr_bound_factor: 3.5 
+
+- filter: Background Check 
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: PreQC/stationPressure
+    is_in: 3
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure2
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Inflate obs error based on duplicate check
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/stationPressure
+
+# Reject data based on PreUseFlag (usage in GSI) 
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: PreUseFlag/stationPressure
+    is_not_in: 0, 1
+  action:
+    name: reject 
+
+# End of Filters 
+
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/config/omi_aura.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/config/omi_aura.yaml
index 79973780c..20cabced5 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/config/omi_aura.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/config/omi_aura.yaml
@@ -11,8 +11,79 @@ obs space:
   io pool:
     max pool size: 1
   simulated variables: [ozoneTotal]
+
 obs operator:
   name: AtmVertInterpLay
-  geovals: [ozoneLayer]
+  geovals: [mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air]
   coefficients: [0.007886131] # convert from ppmv to DU
   nlevels: [1]
+
+obs pre filters:
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 6.0
+
+obs prior filters:
+# GSI read routine QC
+# range sanity check
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  minvalue: 0
+  maxvalue: 10000
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Do not use the data if row anomaly (bit 10)is 1
+- filter: RejectList
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: MetaData/totalOzoneQualityFlag
+    any_bit_set_of: 9 
+
+# Scan position check: reject scan position >= 25
+- filter: RejectList
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: MetaData/sensorScanPosition
+    minvalue: 25
+
+# Accept total_ozone_error_flag values of 0 and 1, but not any others.
+- filter: RejectList 
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: MetaData/totalOzoneQualityCode
+    is_not_in: 0, 1
+
+# Use data with best ozone algorighm
+- filter: RejectList
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: MetaData/bestOzoneAlgorithmFlag
+    is_in: 3, 13
+
+obs post filters:
+# GSI setup routine QC
+# Gross check
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  threshold: 10.0
+  absolute threshold: 300.0
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# End of Filters
+
+
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/config/ompsnp_npp.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/config/ompsnp_npp.yaml
index 5ba772fb3..c18b9abed 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/config/ompsnp_npp.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/config/ompsnp_npp.yaml
@@ -4,74 +4,284 @@ obs space:
     engine:
       type: H5File
       obsfile: $(DATA)/obs/$(OPREFIX)ompsnp_npp.${{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}.nc4
+    obsgrouping:
+      group variables: ["latitude"]
+      sort variable: "pressure"
+      sort order: "ascending"
   obsdataout:
     engine:
       type: H5File
       obsfile: $(DATA)/diags/diag_ompsnp_npp_${{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}.nc4
   io pool:
     max pool size: 1
-  simulated variables: [ozoneTotal]
+  simulated variables: [ozoneLayer]
+
 obs operator:
   name: AtmVertInterpLay
-  geovals: [ozoneLayer]
+  geovals: [mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air]
   coefficients: [0.007886131] # convert from ppmv to DU
   nlevels: [22]
-obs filters:
-#- filter: BlackList
-#  filter variables:
-#  - name: ozoneTotal
-#  where:
-#  - variable:
-#      name: MetaData/total_ozone_error_flag
-#    minvalue: 0.1
-#    maxvalue: 1.1
-#  action:
-#    name: reject
-#- filter: BlackList
-#  filter variables:
-#  - name: ozoneTotal
-#  where:
-#  - variable:
-#      name: MetaData/total_ozone_error_flag
-#    minvalue: 2.1     # toss toq>2, there are some 4 and 6
-#  action:
-#    name: reject
-#- filter: BlackList
-#  filter variables:
-#  - name: ozoneTotal
-#  where:
-#  - variable:
-#      name: MetaData/profile_ozone_error_flag
-#    minvalue: 1.1
-#  action:
-#    name: reject
-- filter: BlackList
-  filter variables:
-  - name: ozoneTotal
+  
+obs pre filters:
+# Observation error assignment
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [0.001, 10.1325, 16.00935, 25.43258, 40.32735, 63.93607, 101.325, 160.0935, 254.3257, 403.2735, 639.3608, 1013.25, 1600.935, 2543.258, 4032.735, 6393.607, 10132.5, 16009.35, 25432.57, 40327.35, 63936.07, 101325]
+        errors: [7.7236, 0.02, 0.02, 0.025, 0.08, 0.15, 0.056, 0.125, 0.2, 0.299, 0.587, 0.864, 1.547, 2.718, 3.893, 4.353, 3.971, 4.407, 4.428, 3.312, 2.198, 2.285]
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Do not assimilation where pressure is zero
+# Zero pressure indicates the data is total column ozone
+- filter: RejectList
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
   where:
   - variable:
       name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 64.00000
+    maxvalue: 0.0001 
+
+# Sanity check on observaton values 
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  minvalue: 0
+  maxvalue: 1000
   action:
     name: reject
-- filter: Domain Check
+
+# Total Ozone Quality Check (keeps 0, 2)
+# 0 indentifies good data
+# 2 identifies good data with a solar zenith angle > 84 degrees
+- filter: RejectList
   filter variables:
-  - name: ozoneTotal
+  - name: ozoneLayer
   where:
   - variable:
-      name: MetaData/latitude
-    minvalue: -90.
-    maxvalue: 90.
+      name: MetaData/totalOzoneQuality
+    is_not_in: 0, 2 
+
+# Profile Ozone Quality Check (keeps 0, 1, 7)
+# 0 : good data
+# 1 : good data with a solar zenith angle > 84 degrees
+# 7 : profile for which stray light correction applied 
+- filter: RejectList
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  where:
   - variable:
-      name: MetaData/longitude
-    minvalue: -180.
-    maxvalue: 360.
-- filter: Bounds Check
+      name: MetaData/profileOzoneQuality
+    is_not_in: 0, 1, 7 
+
+obs post filters:
+# Gross error check
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 120
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      maxvalue: 0.001
+ 
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 30
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:  30000.0
+      maxvalue: 110000.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 40
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue: 20000.0
+      maxvalue: 30000.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 44.42
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue: 10100.0
+      maxvalue: 20000.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 57.52
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:  6400.0
+      maxvalue: 10100.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 69.4
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:  4000.0
+      maxvalue:  6400.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 70
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:  2600.0
+      maxvalue:  4000.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 62.73
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:  1600.0
+      maxvalue:  2600.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 50.52
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:  1100.0
+      maxvalue:  1600.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
   filter variables:
-  - name: ozoneTotal
-  minvalue: 0.000001
-  maxvalue: 1000.0
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 35.9
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:   700.0
+      maxvalue:  1100.0
+
 - filter: Background Check
   filter variables:
-  - name: ozoneTotal
-  absolute threshold: 10.0
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 26.41
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:   400.0
+      maxvalue:   700.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 20.51
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:   300.0
+      maxvalue:   400.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 12.82
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:   200.0
+      maxvalue:   300.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 10
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      maxvalue:    70.0
+      maxvalue:   200.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 5 
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:    40.0
+      maxvalue:    70.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 2 
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      minvalue:    30.0
+      maxvalue:    40.0
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  absolute threshold: 1 
+  action:
+    name: reject
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: MetaData/pressure
+      maxvalue:    30.0
+
+# End of Filters
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/config/ompstc8_npp.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/config/ompstc8_npp.yaml
index e3b11ff64..545983d93 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/config/ompstc8_npp.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/config/ompstc8_npp.yaml
@@ -11,8 +11,79 @@ obs space:
   io pool:
     max pool size: 1
   simulated variables: [ozoneTotal]
+
 obs operator:
   name: AtmVertInterpLay
-  geovals: [ozoneLayer]
+  geovals: [mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air]
   coefficients: [0.007886131] # convert from ppmv to DU
   nlevels: [1]
+
+obs pre filters:
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  action:
+    name: assign error 
+    error parameter: 6.0
+
+obs prior filters:
+# GSI read routine QC
+# range sanity check
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  minvalue: 0
+  maxvalue: 1000
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Accept total_ozone_error_flag values of 0 and 1, but not any others.
+- filter: RejectList
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  where:
+  - variable:
+     name: MetaData/totalOzoneQualityCode
+    is_not_in: 0, 1
+
+- filter: RejectList
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: MetaData/bestOzoneAlgorithmFlag
+    is_in: 3, 13  
+ 
+# GSI setup routine QC
+- filter: RejectList
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: MetaData/sensorScanPosition
+    is_in: 1, 2, 3, 4, 35
+  - variable:
+      name: MetaData/latitude
+    minvalue: 50.0
+
+- filter: RejectList
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: MetaData/sensorScanPosition
+    is_in: 1, 2, 3, 4, 35
+  - variable:
+      name: MetaData/latitude
+    maxvalue: -50.0
+
+obs post filters:
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  threshold: 10.0
+  absolute threshold: 300.0
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# End of Filters
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/config/satwind_goes-16.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/config/satwind_goes-16.yaml
index 6fd5699be..f5d7f3df6 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/config/satwind_goes-16.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/config/satwind_goes-16.yaml
@@ -11,540 +11,554 @@ obs space:
   io pool:
     max pool size: 1
   simulated variables: [windEastward, windNorthward]
+
 obs operator:
   name: VertInterp
-
-obs pre filters:
+  hofx scaling field: SurfaceWindScalingPressure
+  hofx scaling field group: DerivedVariables
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Apply variable changes needed for wind scaling
+# For wind observations with pressure provided
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: SurfaceWindScalingPressure
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Calculate error inflation factor for duplicate observations 
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windEastward
+
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windNorthward
+
+obs post filters:
 # Assign the initial observation error, based on height/pressure
 # Hard-wiring to prepobs_errtable.global by Type
 # ObsError is currently not updating in diag file, but passes directly to EffectiveError when no inflation is specified in YAML
-  # Type 240 (GOES SWIR): Assigned all dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-
-  # Type 245 (GOES LWIR): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 245
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
-
-  # Type 246 (GOES cloud-top WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 246
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
-
-  # Type 247 (GOES clear-sky WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 247
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]    
-
-  # Type 251 (GOES VIS): Assigned all dummy values
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 251
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-
-  obs prior filters:
-  # sanity-check criteria
-  # Observation Range Sanity Check
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    minvalue: -130.
-    maxvalue: 130.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Velocity Sanity Check
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/Velocity
-    maxvalue: 130.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GSI read routine QC (part-1)
-  # Exclude Type 251 (VIS) --- obs tossed without passing to setup routine 
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 251 
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Exclude data with satellite zenith angle > 68 for all types --- obs tossed without passing to setup routine
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/sensorZenithAngle
-    maxvalue: 68.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure < 12500 pa --- obs tosed without passing to setup routine
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 12500.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Exclude data over non-water surface type where latitude > 20N for Type 240 (IRSW) and Type 245 (IRLW)  --- obs tossed and not passed to setup routine 
-  # Notes: This check was missing, so added (eliu)
-  #        Replace land_type_index_NPOSS with water_area_fraction (eliu)
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240, 245
-    - variable: MetaData/latitude
-      minvalue: 20.  
-    test variables:
-    - name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
-    minvalue: 0.999 
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GSI read routine QC (part-2)
-  # Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 90. OR > 100.
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast
-    minvalue: 90.
-    maxvalue: 100.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure < 15000 pa.
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 15000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure < 70000 pa. when Type=251
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 251
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 70000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure > 30000. when Type=246
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 246
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 30000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure > 85000. when isli=1 (land surface)
-  # Notes:  Replace land_type_index_NPOESS with land_area_fraction (eliu)
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: GeoVaLs/land_area_fraction
-      minvalue: 0.9999
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 85000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pct1 (Coeff. of Var.) outside of 0.04–0.5, Type [240,245,246,251] ONLY
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240, 245, 246, 251
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/coefficientOfVariation
-    minvalue: 0.04
-    maxvalue: 0.5
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # NESDIS obs are also subject to the experr_norm test defined as:
-  #
-  # if (10. - 0.1*(expectedError))/(ob_speed)>0.9, or ob_speed<0.1, reject, applies to NESDIS winds
-  #
-  # CLEARED: With caveat that float precision/handling differences can generate different acceptance criteria
-  # between UFO and GSI for observations with an experr_norm value right around the maxvalue.
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/SatWindsErrnormCheck
-    maxvalue: 0.9
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject all Type=240 (GOES SWIR) AMVs: These are not currently assimilated in GSI and they have missing-values
-  # assigned to ob-errors
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GSI setupw routine QC
-  # Reject any ob Type [240–260] when pressure greater than 950 mb.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa    
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240-260
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 95001.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GOES IR (245) reject when pressure between 399 and 801 mb.
-  #   # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/pressure
-      minvalue: 39901.
-      maxvalue: 80099.
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 245
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GOES WV (246, 250, 254), reject when pressure greater than 399 mb.
-  # CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 246, 250, 254
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 39900.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Multiple satellite platforms, reject when pressure is more than 50 mb above tropopause.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  # Notes (eliu): This tropopause check reject too many obs; probably due to tropopause pressure estimation 
-  #               Turn this check off for now. 
-  #               Need to check if troposphere pressure was implemented correctly in fv3-jed
-  - filter: Difference Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    reference: GeoVaLs/tropopause_pressure
-    value: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: -5000.                   # 50 hPa above tropopause level, negative p-diff
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GOES (247) reject any observation with a /=0 surface type (non-water 
-  # surface) within 110 hPa of the surface pressure (as part of the LNVD # check).
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  # Notes (eliu): Replace land_type_index_NPOESS with land_area_fraction.
-  - filter: Difference Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable:
-        name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
-      maxvalue: 0.001
-    - variable:
-        name: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 247
-    reference: GeoVaLs/surface_pressure
-    value: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: -11000.                   # within 110 hPa above surface pressure, negative p-diff
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  obs post filters:
-  # Reject GOES (247) when difference of wind direction is more than 50 degrees.
-  # CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 247
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindDirAngleDiff
-    maxvalue: 50.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # All satwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-  # prior to the SPDB check (i.e. the gross-error check). The gross-error
-  # check uses the adjusted errors for error-bound tightening and rejection,
-  # so this check has to come first. This check will inflate errors for obs
-  # that are too close to either the model top or bottom.
-  # Notes (eliu): GMAO added a required parameter: adjusted_error_name.
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    where:
-      - variable:
-          name: ObsType/windEastward
-        is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-        options:
-          surface_obs: false 
-          variable: windEastward
-          inflation factor: 4.0
-
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-      - variable:
-          name: ObsType/windNorthward
-        is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-        options:
-          variable: windNorthward
-          inflation factor: 4.0
-
-  # All satwinds subject to a gross-error check that contains significant
-  # modifiers for satwinds with a negative speed-bias. ALL wind gross-error
-  # checks are currently being done by the SatWindsSPDBCheck.
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+# Type 240 (GOES SWIR): Assigned all dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
       options:
-        wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
-        cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
-        error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
-        error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
-        variable: windEastward
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 245 (GOES LWIR): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 245
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
       options:
-        wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
-        cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
-        error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
-        error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
-        variable: windNorthward
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-#    # The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
-#    # to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
-#    # of the duplicates should be rejected.
-#    # Notes (eliu): ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck obsfunction requires PreUseFlag (usage parameter from read_satwnd.f90).
-#    #             : Turn off duplicate check for now.
-#    - filter: RejectList
-#      filter variables:
-#      - name: windEastward
-#      action:
-#        name: inflate error
-#        inflation variable:
-#          name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
-#          options:
-#            use_air_pressure: true
-#            variable: windEastward
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 246 (GOES cloud-top WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 247 (GOES clear-sky WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]    
+
+# Type 251 (GOES VIS): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 251
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# sanity-check criteria
+# Observation Range Sanity Check
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  minvalue: -130.
+  maxvalue: 130.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Velocity Sanity Check
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/Velocity
+  maxvalue: 130.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GSI read routine QC (part-1)
+# Exclude Type 251 (VIS) --- obs tossed without passing to setup routine 
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 251 
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Exclude data with satellite zenith angle > 68 for all types --- obs tossed without passing to setup routine
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/sensorZenithAngle
+  maxvalue: 68.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure < 12500 pa --- obs tosed without passing to setup routine
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 12500.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Exclude data over non-water surface type where latitude > 20N for Type 240 (IRSW) and Type 245 (IRLW)  --- obs tossed and not passed to setup routine 
+# Notes: This check was missing, so added (eliu)
+#        Replace land_type_index_NPOSS with water_area_fraction (eliu)
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240, 245
+  - variable: MetaData/latitude
+    minvalue: 20.  
+  test variables:
+  - name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
+  minvalue: 0.99 
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GSI read routine QC (part-2)
+# Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 90. OR > 100.
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast
+  minvalue: 90.
+  maxvalue: 100.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure < 15000 pa.
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 15000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure < 70000 pa. when Type=251
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 251
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 70000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure > 30000. when Type=246
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 30000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure > 85000. when isli=1 (land surface)
+# Notes:  Replace land_type_index_NPOESS with land_area_fraction (eliu)
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: GeoVaLs/land_area_fraction
+    minvalue: 0.99
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 85000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pct1 (Coeff. of Var.) outside of 0.04–0.5, Type [240,245,246,251] ONLY
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240, 245, 246, 251
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/coefficientOfVariation
+  minvalue: 0.04
+  maxvalue: 0.5
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# NESDIS obs are also subject to the experr_norm test defined as:
 #
-#    - filter: RejectList
-#      filter variables:
-#      - name: windNorthward
-#      action:
-#        name: inflate error
-#        inflation variable:
-#          name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
-#          options:
-#            use_air_pressure: true
-#            variable: windNorthward
+# if (10. - 0.1*(expectedError))/(ob_speed)>0.9, or ob_speed<0.1, reject, applies to NESDIS winds
 #
-  # We are extending this to an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by
-  # 1/0.8 = 1.25. This is caused by the GSI value of nvqc being set to .true. in the global operational
-  # configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
-  # This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
-  # the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
-  # 
-  # If this nvqc functionality were to be switched off (i.e. if variational qc were to be turned off),
-  # you would want to remove this last inflation filter.
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation factor: 1.25
-
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
+# CLEARED: With caveat that float precision/handling differences can generate different acceptance criteria
+# between UFO and GSI for observations with an experr_norm value right around the maxvalue.
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/SatWindsErrnormCheck
+  maxvalue: 0.9
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject all Type=240 (GOES SWIR) AMVs: These are not currently assimilated in GSI and they have missing-values
+# assigned to ob-errors
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GSI setupw routine QC
+# Reject any ob Type [240–260] when pressure greater than 950 mb.
+# CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa    
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240-260
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 95001.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GOES IR (245) reject when pressure between 399 and 801 mb.
+#   # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/pressure
+    minvalue: 39901.
+    maxvalue: 80099.
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 245
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GOES WV (246, 250, 254), reject when pressure greater than 399 mb.
+# CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246, 250, 254
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 39900.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Multiple satellite platforms, reject when pressure is more than 50 mb above tropopause.
+# CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+# Notes (eliu): This tropopause check reject too many obs; probably due to tropopause pressure estimation 
+#               Turn this check off for now. 
+#               Need to check if troposphere pressure was implemented correctly in fv3-jed
+- filter: Difference Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  reference: GeoVaLs/tropopause_pressure
+  value: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: -5000.                   # 50 hPa above tropopause level, negative p-diff
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GOES (247) reject any observation with a /=0 surface type (non-water 
+# surface) within 110 hPa of the surface pressure (as part of the LNVD # check).
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+# Notes (eliu): Replace land_type_index_NPOESS with land_area_fraction.
+- filter: Difference Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
+    maxvalue: 0.99
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  reference: GeoVaLs/surface_pressure
+  value: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: -11000.                   # within 110 hPa above surface pressure, negative p-diff
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+obs post filters:
+# Reject GOES (247) when difference of wind direction is more than 50 degrees.
+# CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindDirAngleDiff
+  maxvalue: 50.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# All satwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+# prior to the SPDB check (i.e. the gross-error check). The gross-error
+# check uses the adjusted errors for error-bound tightening and rejection,
+# so this check has to come first. This check will inflate errors for obs
+# that are too close to either the model top or bottom.
+# Notes (eliu): GMAO added a required parameter: adjusted_error_name.
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windEastward
       is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation factor: 1.25
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+      options:
+        surface_obs: false 
+        variable: windEastward
+        inflation factor: 4.0
 
-  # END OF FILTERS
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windNorthward
+      is_in: 240-260
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+      options:
+        variable: windNorthward
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+
+# All satwinds subject to a gross-error check that contains significant
+# modifiers for satwinds with a negative speed-bias. ALL wind gross-error
+# checks are currently being done by the SatWindsSPDBCheck.
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
+      cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
+      variable: windEastward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
+      cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
+      variable: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
+# to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
+# of the duplicates should be rejected.
+# Notes (eliu): ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck obsfunction requires PreUseFlag (usage parameter from read_satwnd.f90).
+#             : Turn off duplicate check for now.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+
+# We are extending this to an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by
+# 1/0.8 = 1.25. This is caused by the GSI value of nvqc being set to .true. in the global operational
+# configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
+# This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
+# the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
+# 
+# If this nvqc functionality were to be switched off (i.e. if variational qc were to be turned off),
+# you would want to remove this last inflation filter.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+#    is_in: 240-260
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
+#    is_in: 240-260
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+
+# End of Filters 
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/config/satwind_goes-17.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/config/satwind_goes-17.yaml
index ca3632fcb..240af22d3 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/config/satwind_goes-17.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/config/satwind_goes-17.yaml
@@ -11,540 +11,554 @@ obs space:
   io pool:
     max pool size: 1
   simulated variables: [windEastward, windNorthward]
+
 obs operator:
   name: VertInterp
-
-obs pre filters:
+  hofx scaling field: SurfaceWindScalingPressure
+  hofx scaling field group: DerivedVariables
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Apply variable changes needed for wind scaling
+# For wind observations with pressure provided
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: SurfaceWindScalingPressure
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Calculate error inflation factor for duplicate observations 
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windEastward
+
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windNorthward
+
+obs post filters:
 # Assign the initial observation error, based on height/pressure
 # Hard-wiring to prepobs_errtable.global by Type
 # ObsError is currently not updating in diag file, but passes directly to EffectiveError when no inflation is specified in YAML
-  # Type 240 (GOES SWIR): Assigned all dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-
-  # Type 245 (GOES LWIR): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 245
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
-
-  # Type 246 (GOES cloud-top WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 246
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
-
-  # Type 247 (GOES clear-sky WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 247
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]    
-
-  # Type 251 (GOES VIS): Assigned all dummy values
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 251
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-
-  obs prior filters:
-  # sanity-check criteria
-  # Observation Range Sanity Check
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    minvalue: -130.
-    maxvalue: 130.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Velocity Sanity Check
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/Velocity
-    maxvalue: 130.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GSI read routine QC (part-1)
-  # Exclude Type 251 (VIS) --- obs tossed without passing to setup routine 
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 251 
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Exclude data with satellite zenith angle > 68 for all types --- obs tossed without passing to setup routine
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/sensorZenithAngle
-    maxvalue: 68.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure < 12500 pa --- obs tosed without passing to setup routine
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 12500.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Exclude data over non-water surface type where latitude > 20N for Type 240 (IRSW) and Type 245 (IRLW)  --- obs tossed and not passed to setup routine 
-  # Notes: This check was missing, so added (eliu)
-  #        Replace land_type_index_NPOSS with water_area_fraction (eliu)
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240, 245
-    - variable: MetaData/latitude
-      minvalue: 20.  
-    test variables:
-    - name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
-    minvalue: 0.999 
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GSI read routine QC (part-2)
-  # Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 90. OR > 100.
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast
-    minvalue: 90.
-    maxvalue: 100.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure < 15000 pa.
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 15000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure < 70000 pa. when Type=251
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 251
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 70000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure > 30000. when Type=246
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 246
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 30000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pressure > 85000. when isli=1 (land surface)
-  # Notes:  Replace land_type_index_NPOESS with land_area_fraction (eliu)
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: GeoVaLs/land_area_fraction
-      minvalue: 0.9999
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 85000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject obs with pct1 (Coeff. of Var.) outside of 0.04–0.5, Type [240,245,246,251] ONLY
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240, 245, 246, 251
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/coefficientOfVariation
-    minvalue: 0.04
-    maxvalue: 0.5
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # NESDIS obs are also subject to the experr_norm test defined as:
-  #
-  # if (10. - 0.1*(expectedError))/(ob_speed)>0.9, or ob_speed<0.1, reject, applies to NESDIS winds
-  #
-  # CLEARED: With caveat that float precision/handling differences can generate different acceptance criteria
-  # between UFO and GSI for observations with an experr_norm value right around the maxvalue.
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/SatWindsErrnormCheck
-    maxvalue: 0.9
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject all Type=240 (GOES SWIR) AMVs: These are not currently assimilated in GSI and they have missing-values
-  # assigned to ob-errors
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GSI setupw routine QC
-  # Reject any ob Type [240–260] when pressure greater than 950 mb.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa    
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240-260
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 95001.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GOES IR (245) reject when pressure between 399 and 801 mb.
-  #   # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/pressure
-      minvalue: 39901.
-      maxvalue: 80099.
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 245
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GOES WV (246, 250, 254), reject when pressure greater than 399 mb.
-  # CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 246, 250, 254
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 39900.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Multiple satellite platforms, reject when pressure is more than 50 mb above tropopause.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  # Notes (eliu): This tropopause check reject too many obs; probably due to tropopause pressure estimation 
-  #               Turn this check off for now. 
-  #               Need to check if troposphere pressure was implemented correctly in fv3-jed
-  - filter: Difference Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    reference: GeoVaLs/tropopause_pressure
-    value: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: -5000.                   # 50 hPa above tropopause level, negative p-diff
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # GOES (247) reject any observation with a /=0 surface type (non-water 
-  # surface) within 110 hPa of the surface pressure (as part of the LNVD # check).
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  # Notes (eliu): Replace land_type_index_NPOESS with land_area_fraction.
-  - filter: Difference Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable:
-        name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
-      maxvalue: 0.001
-    - variable:
-        name: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 247
-    reference: GeoVaLs/surface_pressure
-    value: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: -11000.                   # within 110 hPa above surface pressure, negative p-diff
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  obs post filters:
-  # Reject GOES (247) when difference of wind direction is more than 50 degrees.
-  # CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 247
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindDirAngleDiff
-    maxvalue: 50.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # All satwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-  # prior to the SPDB check (i.e. the gross-error check). The gross-error
-  # check uses the adjusted errors for error-bound tightening and rejection,
-  # so this check has to come first. This check will inflate errors for obs
-  # that are too close to either the model top or bottom.
-  # Notes (eliu): GMAO added a required parameter: adjusted_error_name.
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    where:
-      - variable:
-          name: ObsType/windEastward
-        is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-        options:
-          surface_obs: false 
-          variable: windEastward
-          inflation factor: 4.0
-
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-      - variable:
-          name: ObsType/windNorthward
-        is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-        options:
-          variable: windNorthward
-          inflation factor: 4.0
-
-  # All satwinds subject to a gross-error check that contains significant
-  # modifiers for satwinds with a negative speed-bias. ALL wind gross-error
-  # checks are currently being done by the SatWindsSPDBCheck.
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+# Type 240 (GOES SWIR): Assigned all dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
       options:
-        wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
-        cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
-        error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
-        error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
-        variable: windEastward
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 245 (GOES LWIR): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 245
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
       options:
-        wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
-        cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
-        error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
-        error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
-        variable: windNorthward
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-#    # The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
-#    # to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
-#    # of the duplicates should be rejected.
-#    # Notes (eliu): ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck obsfunction requires PreUseFlag (usage parameter from read_satwnd.f90).
-#    #             : Turn off duplicate check for now.
-#    - filter: RejectList
-#      filter variables:
-#      - name: windEastward
-#      action:
-#        name: inflate error
-#        inflation variable:
-#          name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
-#          options:
-#            use_air_pressure: true
-#            variable: windEastward
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 246 (GOES cloud-top WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 247 (GOES clear-sky WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]    
+
+# Type 251 (GOES VIS): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 251
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# sanity-check criteria
+# Observation Range Sanity Check
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  minvalue: -130.
+  maxvalue: 130.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Velocity Sanity Check
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/Velocity
+  maxvalue: 130.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GSI read routine QC (part-1)
+# Exclude Type 251 (VIS) --- obs tossed without passing to setup routine 
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 251 
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Exclude data with satellite zenith angle > 68 for all types --- obs tossed without passing to setup routine
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/sensorZenithAngle
+  maxvalue: 68.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure < 12500 pa --- obs tosed without passing to setup routine
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 12500.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Exclude data over non-water surface type where latitude > 20N for Type 240 (IRSW) and Type 245 (IRLW)  --- obs tossed and not passed to setup routine 
+# Notes: This check was missing, so added (eliu)
+#        Replace land_type_index_NPOSS with water_area_fraction (eliu)
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240, 245
+  - variable: MetaData/latitude
+    minvalue: 20.  
+  test variables:
+  - name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
+  minvalue: 0.99 
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GSI read routine QC (part-2)
+# Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 90. OR > 100.
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast
+  minvalue: 90.
+  maxvalue: 100.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure < 15000 pa.
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 15000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure < 70000 pa. when Type=251
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 251
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 70000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure > 30000. when Type=246
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 30000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure > 85000. when isli=1 (land surface)
+# Notes:  Replace land_type_index_NPOESS with land_area_fraction (eliu)
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: GeoVaLs/land_area_fraction
+    minvalue: 0.99
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 85000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pct1 (Coeff. of Var.) outside of 0.04–0.5, Type [240,245,246,251] ONLY
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240, 245, 246, 251
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/coefficientOfVariation
+  minvalue: 0.04
+  maxvalue: 0.5
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# NESDIS obs are also subject to the experr_norm test defined as:
 #
-#    - filter: RejectList
-#      filter variables:
-#      - name: windNorthward
-#      action:
-#        name: inflate error
-#        inflation variable:
-#          name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
-#          options:
-#            use_air_pressure: true
-#            variable: windNorthward
+# if (10. - 0.1*(expectedError))/(ob_speed)>0.9, or ob_speed<0.1, reject, applies to NESDIS winds
 #
-  # We are extending this to an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by
-  # 1/0.8 = 1.25. This is caused by the GSI value of nvqc being set to .true. in the global operational
-  # configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
-  # This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
-  # the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
-  # 
-  # If this nvqc functionality were to be switched off (i.e. if variational qc were to be turned off),
-  # you would want to remove this last inflation filter.
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation factor: 1.25
-
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
+# CLEARED: With caveat that float precision/handling differences can generate different acceptance criteria
+# between UFO and GSI for observations with an experr_norm value right around the maxvalue.
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/SatWindsErrnormCheck
+  maxvalue: 0.9
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject all Type=240 (GOES SWIR) AMVs: These are not currently assimilated in GSI and they have missing-values
+# assigned to ob-errors
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GSI setupw routine QC
+# Reject any ob Type [240–260] when pressure greater than 950 mb.
+# CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa    
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240-260
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 95001.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GOES IR (245) reject when pressure between 399 and 801 mb.
+#   # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/pressure
+    minvalue: 39901.
+    maxvalue: 80099.
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 245
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GOES WV (246, 250, 254), reject when pressure greater than 399 mb.
+# CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246, 250, 254
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 39900.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Multiple satellite platforms, reject when pressure is more than 50 mb above tropopause.
+# CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+# Notes (eliu): This tropopause check reject too many obs; probably due to tropopause pressure estimation 
+#               Turn this check off for now. 
+#               Need to check if troposphere pressure was implemented correctly in fv3-jed
+- filter: Difference Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  reference: GeoVaLs/tropopause_pressure
+  value: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: -5000.                   # 50 hPa above tropopause level, negative p-diff
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GOES (247) reject any observation with a /=0 surface type (non-water 
+# surface) within 110 hPa of the surface pressure (as part of the LNVD # check).
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+# Notes (eliu): Replace land_type_index_NPOESS with land_area_fraction.
+- filter: Difference Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
+    maxvalue: 0.99
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  reference: GeoVaLs/surface_pressure
+  value: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: -11000.                   # within 110 hPa above surface pressure, negative p-diff
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+obs post filters:
+# Reject GOES (247) when difference of wind direction is more than 50 degrees.
+# CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindDirAngleDiff
+  maxvalue: 50.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# All satwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+# prior to the SPDB check (i.e. the gross-error check). The gross-error
+# check uses the adjusted errors for error-bound tightening and rejection,
+# so this check has to come first. This check will inflate errors for obs
+# that are too close to either the model top or bottom.
+# Notes (eliu): GMAO added a required parameter: adjusted_error_name.
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windEastward
       is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation factor: 1.25
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+      options:
+        surface_obs: false 
+        variable: windEastward
+        inflation factor: 4.0
 
-  # END OF FILTERS
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windNorthward
+      is_in: 240-260
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+      options:
+        variable: windNorthward
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+
+# All satwinds subject to a gross-error check that contains significant
+# modifiers for satwinds with a negative speed-bias. ALL wind gross-error
+# checks are currently being done by the SatWindsSPDBCheck.
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
+      cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
+      variable: windEastward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
+      cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
+      variable: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
+# to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
+# of the duplicates should be rejected.
+# Notes (eliu): ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck obsfunction requires PreUseFlag (usage parameter from read_satwnd.f90).
+#             : Turn off duplicate check for now.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+
+# We are extending this to an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by
+# 1/0.8 = 1.25. This is caused by the GSI value of nvqc being set to .true. in the global operational
+# configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
+# This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
+# the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
+# 
+# If this nvqc functionality were to be switched off (i.e. if variational qc were to be turned off),
+# you would want to remove this last inflation filter.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+#    is_in: 240-260
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
+#    is_in: 240-260
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+
+# End of Filters 
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/config/scatwind_metop-a.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/config/scatwind_metop-a.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4735c31fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/config/scatwind_metop-a.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+obs space:
+  name: ascatw_ascat_metop-a
+  obsdatain:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: $(DATA)/obs/$(OPREFIX)ascatw.ascat_metop-a.{{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: $(DATA)/diags/diag_ascatw_ascat_metop-a_{{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}.nc4
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+  simulated variables: [windEastward, windNorthward]
+
+obs operator:
+  name: VertInterp
+  # Use height vertical coordinate first
+# vertical coordinate: geometric_height
+  vertical coordinate: geopotential_height
+  observation vertical coordinate group: DerivedVariables
+  observation vertical coordinate: adjustedHeight
+  interpolation method: linear
+  hofx scaling field: SurfaceWindScalingHeight
+  hofx scaling field group: DerivedVariables
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Apply variable changes needed for rescaled height coordinate
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: AdjustedHeightCoordinate
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Apply variable changes needed for wind scaling
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: SurfaceWindScalingHeight
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Assign the initial observation error (constant value, 1.5 m/s right now).
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 1.5
+
+# Calculate error inflation factor for duplicate observations
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windEastward
+
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windNorthward
+
+# Reject all obs with PreQC mark already set above 3
+# NOTE: All scatwinds have an automatic PreQC mark of 2 (hard-wired default from GSI)
+# - filter: PreQC
+#   maxvalue: 3
+#   action:
+#     name: reject
+
+obs post filters:
+# Reject all ASCAT (Type 290) winds with tsavg <= 273.0 (surface temperature)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 290
+#   - variable: GeoVaLs/surface_temperature
+  - variable: GeoVaLs/surface_temperature_where_land
+    maxvalue: 273.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject all ASCAT (Type 290) winds with isflg /= 0 (non-water surface)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 290
+  - variable: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
+    maxvalue: 0.99 
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject ASCAT (Type 290) when observed component deviates from background by more than 5.0 m/s
+# NOTE: This check can reject a u- or v-component of the same observation independently, which
+#       is fundamentally different from how GSI rejects obs (both components are rejected if
+#       either component fails a check).
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic
+    options:
+      variables:
+      - name: ObsValue/windEastward
+      - name: HofX/windEastward
+      coefs: [1.0, -1.0]
+  minvalue: -5.0
+  maxvalue: 5.0
+
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic
+    options:
+      variables:
+      - name: ObsValue/windNorthward
+      - name: HofX/windNorthward
+      coefs: [1.0, -1.0]
+  minvalue: -5.0
+  maxvalue: 5.0
+
+# Reject OSCAT (Type 291) when observed component deviates from background by more than 6.0 m/s
+# NOTE: This check can reject a u- or v-component of the same observation independently, which
+#       is fundamentally different from how GSI rejects obs (both components are rejected if
+#       either component fails a check).
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  threshold: 6.
+  absolute threshold: 6.
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 291
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject ASCAT (Type 290) when ambiguity check fails (returned value is negative)
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 290
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/ScatWindsAmbiguityCheck
+    options:
+      minimum_uv: 0.0001 # hard-coding a minimum-uv for transparancy, want this to basically be zero
+  maxvalue: 0.  
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# All scatwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck.
+# This check will inflate errors for obs that are too close to either
+# the model top or bottom.
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windEastward
+      is_in: 290-291
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+      options:
+        variable: windEastward
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windNorthward
+      is_in: 290-291
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+      options:
+        variable: windNorthward
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+
+# All scatwinds subject to a gross error check. This is contained within
+# the WindsSPDBCheck, although it is not exclusive to satwinds.
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  290,  291]
+      cgross:  [  5.0,  5.0]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1]
+      variable: windEastward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  290,  291]
+      cgross:  [  5.0,  5.0]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1]
+      variable: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
+# to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
+# of the duplicates should be rejected.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+
+# There is no across-the-board inflation for nvqc=.true. for scatwinds, presumably because for
+# this inflation to take place both nvqc must be .true. AND ibeta must be >0, see:
+# https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/GSI/blob/14ae595af1b03471287d322596d35c0665336e95/src/gsi/setupw.f90#L1229
+# GSI settings must have ibeta>0 for satwinds, but not for scatwinds.
+# 
+# If the ibeta settings for scatwinds were to change while nvqc remained .true., we would extend YAML to
+# an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by 1/0.8 = 1.25. NOTE: the nvqc setting
+# is defaulted to .false. in GSI code, but is overridden in global operational configuration. See:
+# configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
+# This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
+# the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
+#
+# If this functionality were to be activated for scatwinds, you would want to include this last inflation filter.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+#    is_in: 290-291
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
+#    is_in: 290-291
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+
+# END OF FILTERS#
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/config/scatwind_metop-b.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/config/scatwind_metop-b.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ed7c38bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/config/scatwind_metop-b.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+obs space:
+  name: ascatw_ascat_metop-b
+  obsdatain:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: $(DATA)/obs/$(OPREFIX)ascatw.ascat_metop-b.{{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: $(DATA)/diags/diag_ascatw_ascat_metop-b_{{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}.nc4
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+  simulated variables: [windEastward, windNorthward]
+
+obs operator:
+  name: VertInterp
+  # Use height vertical coordinate first
+# vertical coordinate: geometric_height
+  vertical coordinate: geopotential_height
+  observation vertical coordinate group: DerivedVariables
+  observation vertical coordinate: adjustedHeight
+  interpolation method: linear
+  hofx scaling field: SurfaceWindScalingHeight
+  hofx scaling field group: DerivedVariables
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Apply variable changes needed for rescaled height coordinate
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: AdjustedHeightCoordinate
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Apply variable changes needed for wind scaling
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: SurfaceWindScalingHeight
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Assign the initial observation error (constant value, 1.5 m/s right now).
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 1.5
+
+# Calculate error inflation factor for duplicate observations
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windEastward
+
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windNorthward
+
+# Reject all obs with PreQC mark already set above 3
+# NOTE: All scatwinds have an automatic PreQC mark of 2 (hard-wired default from GSI)
+# - filter: PreQC
+#   maxvalue: 3
+#   action:
+#     name: reject
+
+obs post filters:
+# Reject all ASCAT (Type 290) winds with tsavg <= 273.0 (surface temperature)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 290
+#   - variable: GeoVaLs/surface_temperature
+  - variable: GeoVaLs/surface_temperature_where_land
+    maxvalue: 273.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject all ASCAT (Type 290) winds with isflg /= 0 (non-water surface)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 290
+  - variable: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
+    maxvalue: 0.99 
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject ASCAT (Type 290) when observed component deviates from background by more than 5.0 m/s
+# NOTE: This check can reject a u- or v-component of the same observation independently, which
+#       is fundamentally different from how GSI rejects obs (both components are rejected if
+#       either component fails a check).
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic
+    options:
+      variables:
+      - name: ObsValue/windEastward
+      - name: HofX/windEastward
+      coefs: [1.0, -1.0]
+  minvalue: -5.0
+  maxvalue: 5.0
+
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic
+    options:
+      variables:
+      - name: ObsValue/windNorthward
+      - name: HofX/windNorthward
+      coefs: [1.0, -1.0]
+  minvalue: -5.0
+  maxvalue: 5.0
+
+# Reject OSCAT (Type 291) when observed component deviates from background by more than 6.0 m/s
+# NOTE: This check can reject a u- or v-component of the same observation independently, which
+#       is fundamentally different from how GSI rejects obs (both components are rejected if
+#       either component fails a check).
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  threshold: 6.
+  absolute threshold: 6.
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 291
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject ASCAT (Type 290) when ambiguity check fails (returned value is negative)
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 290
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/ScatWindsAmbiguityCheck
+    options:
+      minimum_uv: 0.0001 # hard-coding a minimum-uv for transparancy, want this to basically be zero
+  maxvalue: 0.  
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# All scatwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck.
+# This check will inflate errors for obs that are too close to either
+# the model top or bottom.
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windEastward
+      is_in: 290-291
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+      options:
+        variable: windEastward
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windNorthward
+      is_in: 290-291
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+      options:
+        variable: windNorthward
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+
+# All scatwinds subject to a gross error check. This is contained within
+# the WindsSPDBCheck, although it is not exclusive to satwinds.
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  290,  291]
+      cgross:  [  5.0,  5.0]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1]
+      variable: windEastward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  290,  291]
+      cgross:  [  5.0,  5.0]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1]
+      variable: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
+# to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
+# of the duplicates should be rejected.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+
+# There is no across-the-board inflation for nvqc=.true. for scatwinds, presumably because for
+# this inflation to take place both nvqc must be .true. AND ibeta must be >0, see:
+# https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/GSI/blob/14ae595af1b03471287d322596d35c0665336e95/src/gsi/setupw.f90#L1229
+# GSI settings must have ibeta>0 for satwinds, but not for scatwinds.
+# 
+# If the ibeta settings for scatwinds were to change while nvqc remained .true., we would extend YAML to
+# an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by 1/0.8 = 1.25. NOTE: the nvqc setting
+# is defaulted to .false. in GSI code, but is overridden in global operational configuration. See:
+# configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
+# This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
+# the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
+#
+# If this functionality were to be activated for scatwinds, you would want to include this last inflation filter.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+#    is_in: 290-291
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
+#    is_in: 290-291
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+
+# END OF FILTERS#
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/conv_ps.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/conv_ps.yaml
index f43bc9f41..20a449a8a 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/conv_ps.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/conv_ps.yaml
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ obs space:
     engine:
       type: H5File
       obsfile: !ENV  conv_ps_diag_${CDATE}.nc4
-      overwrite: true
   simulated variables: [stationPressure]
+
 geovals:
   filename: !ENV conv_ps_geoval_${CDATE}.nc4
 
@@ -22,191 +22,276 @@ obs operator:
   geovar_sfc_geomz: surface_altitude
   geovar_geomz: geopotential_height
 
+obs prior filters:
+# Initial Error Assignments for SFC Observations
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [181]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [80000, 75000, 70000, 65000, 60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [110,    120,    120,   120,   120, 1.0e+11]
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [187]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [85000, 80000, 75000, 70000, 65000, 60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [  120,   140,   140,   140,   140,   140, 1.0e+11]
+
+# Initial Error Assignments for SFCSHIP Observations
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [180]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [  130, 1.0e+11]
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [183]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 1.0e+11
+
+# Initial Error Assignments for Radiosonde
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [120]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [80000, 75000, 70000, 65000, 60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [  110,   120,   120,   120,   120, 1.0e+11]
+
 obs post filters:
-  # Observation range sanity check
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: stationPressure
-    minvalue: 37499.0
-    maxvalue: 106999.0
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Reject all ObsType 183
-  - filter: RejectList
-    where:
-    - variable:
-        name: ObsType/stationPressure
-      is_in: 183
-
-  # Reject surface pressure below 500 hPa 
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: stationPressure
-    minvalue: 50000.00
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  - filter: RejectList
-    where:
-    - variable:
-        name: PreQC/stationPressure
-      is_in: 4-15
-
-  # Inflate obs error based on obs type
-  - filter: Perform Action 
-    filter variables:
-    - name: stationPressure
-    where:
-    - variable: PreQC/stationPressure
-      is_in: 3, 7   
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation factor: 1.2  
-
-  # Calculate obs error inflation factors for duplicated observations at the same location
-  - filter: Variable Assignment
-    assignments:
-    - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/stationPressure
-      type: float
-      function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
-        options:
-          use_air_pressure: false 
-          variable: stationPressure 
-
-  # Reduce effective observation error based on obs type and subtype
-  # In this case: reduce effective obs error for buoy  
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: stationPressure
-    where:
-    - variable:
-        name: ObsType/stationPressure
-      is_in: 180
-    - variable:
-        name: ObsSubType/stationPressure
-      is_in: 0
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation factor: 0.7
-
-  # Reduce original observation error based on obs type and subtype
-  # In this case: reduce original obs error for buoy 
-  - filter: Variable Assignment
-    where:
-    - variable:
-        name: ObsType/stationPressure
-      is_in: 180
-    - variable:
-        name: ObsSubType/stationPressure
-      is_in: 0
-    assignments:
-    - name: ObsError/stationPressure
-      type: float
-      function:
-        name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic 
-        options: 
-          variables:
-          - name: ObsError/stationPressure
-          coefs: [0.7]
-
-  # Calculate obs error inflation factors for large discrepancies between model and observations 
-  - filter: Variable Assignment
-    assignments:
-    - name: ObsErrorFactorSfcPressure/stationPressure
-      type: float
-      function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorSfcPressure
-        options:
-          geovar_sfc_geomz: surface_altitude
-
-  # Inflate surface pressure observation based on discrepancies between
-  # model and observations due to terrian
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: stationPressure
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsErrorFactorSfcPressure/stationPressure
-
-  - filter: Variable Assignment
-    assignments:
-    - name: DerivedMetaData/Innovation
-      type: float
-      function:
-        name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic
-        options:
-          variables:
-          - name: ObsValue/stationPressure
-          - name: HofX/stationPressure
-          coefs: [1, -1]
-
-  - filter: Variable Assignment
-    assignments:
-    - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure1
-      type: float
-      function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorBoundConventional
-        options:
-          obsvar: stationPressure
-          obserr_bound_min: 100
-          obserr_bound_max: 300
-          obserr_bound_factor: 5.0 
-
-  - filter: Background Check 
-    filter variables:
-    - name: stationPressure
-    where:
-    - variable: PreQC/stationPressure
-      is_not_in: 3
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure1
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  - filter: Variable Assignment
-    assignments:
-    - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure2
-      type: float
-      function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorBoundConventional
-        options:
-          obsvar: stationPressure
-          obserr_bound_min: 100
-          obserr_bound_max: 300
-          obserr_bound_factor: 3.5 
-
-  - filter: Background Check 
-    filter variables:
-    - name: stationPressure
-    where:
-    - variable: PreQC/stationPressure
-      is_in: 3
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure2
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  # Inflate obs error based on duplicate check
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: stationPressure
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/stationPressure
-
-  # Reject data based on PreUseFlag (usage in GSI) 
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: stationPressure
-    where:
-    - variable: PreUseFlag/stationPressure
-      is_not_in: 0, 1
-    action:
-      name: reject 
+# Observation range sanity check
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  minvalue: 37499.0
+  maxvalue: 106999.0
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject all ObsType 183
+- filter: RejectList
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 183
+
+# Reject surface pressure below 500 hPa 
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  minvalue: 50000.00
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: RejectList
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: PreQC/stationPressure
+    is_in: 4-15
+
+# Inflate obs error based on obs type
+- filter: Perform Action 
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: PreQC/stationPressure
+    is_in: 3, 7   
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation factor: 1.2  
+
+# Calculate obs error inflation factors for duplicated observations at the same location
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/stationPressure
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+      options:
+        use_air_pressure: false 
+        variable: stationPressure 
+
+# Reduce effective observation error based on obs type and subtype
+# In this case: reduce effective obs error for buoy  
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 180
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsSubType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 0
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation factor: 0.7
+
+# Reduce original observation error based on obs type and subtype
+# In this case: reduce original obs error for buoy 
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 180
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsSubType/stationPressure
+    is_in: 0
+  assignments:
+  - name: ObsError/stationPressure
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic 
+      options: 
+        variables:
+        - name: ObsError/stationPressure
+        coefs: [0.7]
+
+# Calculate obs error inflation factors for large discrepancies between model and observations 
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: ObsErrorFactorSfcPressure/stationPressure
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorSfcPressure
+      options:
+        geovar_sfc_geomz: surface_altitude
+        geovar_geomz: geopotential_height
+        station_altitude: height 
+
+# Inflate surface pressure observation based on discrepancies between
+# model and observations due to terrian
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsErrorFactorSfcPressure/stationPressure
+
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/Innovation
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic
+      options:
+        variables:
+        - name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        - name: HofX/stationPressure
+        coefs: [1, -1]
+
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure1
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorBoundConventional
+      options:
+        obsvar: stationPressure
+        obserr_bound_min: 100
+        obserr_bound_max: 300
+        obserr_bound_factor: 5.0 
+
+- filter: Background Check 
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: PreQC/stationPressure
+    is_not_in: 3
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure1
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: Variable Assignment
+  assignments:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure2
+    type: float
+    function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorBoundConventional
+      options:
+        obsvar: stationPressure
+        obserr_bound_min: 100
+        obserr_bound_max: 300
+        obserr_bound_factor: 3.5 
+
+- filter: Background Check 
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: PreQC/stationPressure
+    is_in: 3
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: DerivedMetaData/ObsErrorBoundSfcPressure2
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Inflate obs error based on duplicate check
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/stationPressure
+
+# Reject data based on PreUseFlag (usage in GSI) 
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: PreUseFlag/stationPressure
+    is_not_in: 0, 1
+  action:
+    name: reject 
 
+# End of Filters
 passedBenchmark: 85378 
 
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/conv_ps_noqc.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/conv_ps_noqc.yaml
index 44a6ef4c8..8d469729f 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/conv_ps_noqc.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/conv_ps_noqc.yaml
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ obs space:
     engine:
       type: H5File
       obsfile: !ENV  conv_ps_diag_${CDATE}.nc4
-      overwrite: true
   simulated variables: [stationPressure]
+
 geovals:
   filename: !ENV conv_ps_geoval_${CDATE}.nc4
 
@@ -22,10 +22,89 @@ obs operator:
   geovar_sfc_geomz: surface_altitude
   geovar_geomz: geopotential_height
 
-vector ref: GsiHofXBc
-tolerance: 1.e-4 
-#linear obs operator test:
-#  coef TL: 0.1
-#  tolerance TL: 1.0e-13
-#  tolerance AD: 1.0e-11
+obs prior filters:
+# Initial Error Assignments for SFC Observations
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [181]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [80000, 75000, 70000, 65000, 60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [110,    120,    120,   120,   120, 1.0e+11]
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [187]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [85000, 80000, 75000, 70000, 65000, 60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [  120,   140,   140,   140,   140,   140, 1.0e+11]
+
+# Initial Error Assignments for SFCSHIP Observations
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [180]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [  130, 1.0e+11]
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [183]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 1.0e+11
+
+ # Initial Error Assignments for Radiosonde 
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: stationPressure
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/stationPressure
+    is_in: [120]
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        round_to_the_nearest_integer: true
+        xvar:
+          name: ObsValue/stationPressure
+        xvals:  [80000, 75000, 70000, 65000, 60000, 55000  ]
+        errors: [  110,   120,   120,   120,   120, 1.0e+11]
+
+passedBenchmark: 92824  # total: 92842; missing: 18
+#vector ref: GsiHofXBc
+#tolerance: 1.e-4 
 
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/omi_aura.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/omi_aura.yaml
index a090f5945..8c5bb52da 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/omi_aura.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/omi_aura.yaml
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ obs space:
   io pool:
     max pool size: 1
   simulated variables: [ozoneTotal]
+
 geovals:
   filename: !ENV omi_aura_geoval_${CDATE}.nc4
+
 obs operator:
   name: AtmVertInterpLay
   geovals: [mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air]
@@ -85,4 +87,5 @@ obs post filters:
   action:
     name: reject
 
-passedBenchmark: 1182 
+# End of Filters
+passedBenchmark: 1170
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/omi_aura_noqc.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/omi_aura_noqc.yaml
index 8929c38b6..d32954a8f 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/omi_aura_noqc.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/omi_aura_noqc.yaml
@@ -19,9 +19,14 @@ obs operator:
   coefficients: [0.007886131] # convert from ppmv to DU
   nlevels: [1]
 
-vector ref: GsiHofXBc
-tolerance: 1.e-5
-#linear obs operator test:
-##  coef TL: 0.1
-##  tolerance TL: 1.0e-13
-##  tolerance AD: 1.0e-11
+obs pre filters:
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 6.0
+
+passedBenchmark: 4927  # total:6082; missing:1155 
+#vector ref: GsiHofXBc
+#tolerance: 1.e-5
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompsnp_npp.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompsnp_npp.yaml
index f7ee9d4ec..b7974f5cd 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompsnp_npp.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompsnp_npp.yaml
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ obs space:
   io pool:
     max pool size: 1
   simulated variables: [ozoneLayer]
+
 geovals:
   filename: !ENV ompsnp_npp_geoval_${CDATE}.nc4
+
 obs operator:
   name: AtmVertInterpLay
   geovals: [mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air]
@@ -285,4 +287,5 @@ obs post filters:
         name: MetaData/pressure
       maxvalue:    30.0
 
+# End of Filters
 passedBenchmark: 4914
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompsnp_npp_noqc.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompsnp_npp_noqc.yaml
index 219f9e942..639a8dda5 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompsnp_npp_noqc.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompsnp_npp_noqc.yaml
@@ -22,11 +22,23 @@ obs operator:
   geovals: [mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air]
   coefficients: [0.007886131] # convert from ppmv to DU
   nlevels: [22]
- 
-vector ref: GsiHofXBc
-tolerance: 1.e-5
-#linear obs operator test:
-#  coef TL: 0.1
-#  tolerance TL: 1.0e-13
-#  tolerance AD: 1.0e-11
+
+# Observation Error Assignment
+obs pre filters:
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneLayer
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [0.001, 10.1325, 16.00935, 25.43258, 40.32735, 63.93607, 101.325, 160.0935, 254.3257, 403.2735, 639.3608, 1013.25, 1600.935, 2543.258, 4032.735, 6393.607, 10132.5, 16009.35, 25432.57, 40327.35, 63936.07, 101325]
+        errors: [7.7236, 0.02, 0.02, 0.025, 0.08, 0.15, 0.056, 0.125, 0.2, 0.299, 0.587, 0.864, 1.547, 2.718, 3.893, 4.353, 3.971, 4.407, 4.428, 3.312, 2.198, 2.285]
+
+passedBenchmark: 6314  # total:6314; missing:0 
+#vector ref: GsiHofXBc
+#tolerance: 1.e-5
 
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompstc8_npp.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompstc8_npp.yaml
index aea18a5dc..8fb3d6165 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompstc8_npp.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompstc8_npp.yaml
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ obs space:
   io pool:
     max pool size: 1
   simulated variables: [ozoneTotal]
+
 geovals:
   filename: !ENV ompstc8_npp_geoval_${CDATE}.nc4
+
 obs operator:
   name: AtmVertInterpLay
   geovals: [mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air]
@@ -91,4 +93,5 @@ obs post filters:
   action:
     name: reject
 
+# End of Filters
 passedBenchmark: 6130 
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompstc8_npp_noqc.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompstc8_npp_noqc.yaml
index 31027007a..de9ef7839 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompstc8_npp_noqc.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/ompstc8_npp_noqc.yaml
@@ -22,11 +22,15 @@ obs operator:
   geovals: [mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air]
   coefficients: [0.007886131] # convert from ppmv to DU
   nlevels: [1]
+obs pre filters:
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: ozoneTotal
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 6.0
 
-vector ref: GsiHofXBc
-tolerance: 1.e-5
-#linear obs operator test:
-#  coef TL: 0.1
-#  tolerance TL: 1.0e-13
-#  tolerance AD: 1.0e-11
+passedBenchmark: 6693  # total:6870; missing:177 
+#vector ref: GsiHofXBc
+#tolerance: 1.e-5
 
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/satwind.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/satwind.yaml
index bdf10f646..a43d107a4 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/satwind.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/satwind.yaml
@@ -9,988 +9,1024 @@ obs space:
       type: H5File
       obsfile: !ENV satwind_diag_${CDATE}.nc4
   simulated variables: [windEastward, windNorthward]
+
 geovals:
   filename: !ENV satwind_geoval_${CDATE}.nc4
-vector ref: GsiHofXBc
-tolerance: 0.01
+
 obs operator:
   name: VertInterp
-obs pre filters:
+  hofx scaling field: SurfaceWindScalingPressure
+  hofx scaling field group: DerivedVariables
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Apply variable changes needed for wind scaling
+# For wind observations with pressure provided
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: SurfaceWindScalingPressure
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Calculate obs error inflation factors for duplicated observations at the same location
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true 
+#        variable: windEastward 
+
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true 
+#        variable: windNorthward 
+
+obs post filters:
 # Assign the initial observation error, based on height/pressure
 # Hard-wiring to prepobs_errtable.global by Type
 # ObsError is currently not updating in diag file, but passes directly to EffectiveError when no inflation is specified in YAML
-  # Type 240 (GOES SWIR): Assigned all dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-  # Type 241 (Multi Spec. Imager LWIR): Assigned all dummy values
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 241
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-  # Type 242 (Himawari VIS)
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 242
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 243  (MVIRI/SEVIRI VIS)
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 243
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 244 (AVHRR LWIR)
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 244
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 245 (GOES LWIR): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 245
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
-  # Type 246 (GOES cloud-top WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 246
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
-  # Type 247 (GOES clear-sky WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 247
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
-  # Type 248 (GOES Sounder cloud-top WV): Assigned all dummy values
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 248
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-  # Type 249 (GOES Sounder clear-sky WV): Assigned all dummy values
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 249
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-  # Type 250 (Himawari AHI WV, cloud-top or clear-sky)
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 250
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,7.,7.3,7.6,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.]
-  # Type 251 (GOES VIS): Assigned all dummy values
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 251
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-  # Type 252 (Himawari AHI LWIR)
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 252
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 253 (MVIRI/SEVERI LWIR)
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 253
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action: 
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 254 (MVIRI/SEVIRI WV, both cloud-top and clear-sky)
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 254
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.5,6.1,6.,6.5,7.3,7.6,7.,7.5,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 255 (LEOGEO):
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 255
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 256 (Multi Spec. Imager WV, both clear-sky and cloud-top): Assigned all dummy values
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 256
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
-  # Type 257 (MODIS LWIR)
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 257
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action: 
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 258 (MODIS cloud-top WV): Some levels assigned dummy values
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 258
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 259 (MODIS clear-sky WV): Some levels assigned dummy values
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 259
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-  # Type 260 (VIIRS LWIR): All levels assigned dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global, HOWEVER the GSI values appear
-  #                        to be a standard profile (borrowed from e.g., Type=244). Using the standard profile here.
-  #                        It's possibly that my prepobs_errtable.global file is out-of-date.
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 260
-    minvalue: -135.
-    maxvalue: 135.
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error function:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
-        options:
-          xvar:
-            name: MetaData/pressure
-          xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
-          errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
-obs prior filters:
-  #
-  # sanity-check criteria
-  #
-  # Observation Range Sanity Check
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    minvalue: -130.
-    maxvalue: 130.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Velocity Sanity Check
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/Velocity
-    maxvalue: 130.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-#
+# Type 240 (GOES SWIR): Assigned all dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 241 (Multi Spec. Imager LWIR): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 241
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 242 (Himawari VIS)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 242
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 243  (MVIRI/SEVIRI VIS)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 243
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 244 (AVHRR LWIR)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 244
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 245 (GOES LWIR): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 245
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 246 (GOES cloud-top WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 247 (GOES clear-sky WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 248 (GOES Sounder cloud-top WV): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 248
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 249 (GOES Sounder clear-sky WV): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 249
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 250 (Himawari AHI WV, cloud-top or clear-sky)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 250
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,7.,7.3,7.6,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.]
+
+# Type 251 (GOES VIS): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 251
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 252 (Himawari AHI LWIR)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 252
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 253 (MVIRI/SEVERI LWIR)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 253
+  action: 
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 254 (MVIRI/SEVIRI WV, both cloud-top and clear-sky)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 254
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.5,6.1,6.,6.5,7.3,7.6,7.,7.5,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 255 (LEOGEO):
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 255
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 256 (Multi Spec. Imager WV, both clear-sky and cloud-top): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 256
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 257 (MODIS LWIR)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 257
+  action: 
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 258 (MODIS cloud-top WV): Some levels assigned dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 258
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 259 (MODIS clear-sky WV): Some levels assigned dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 259
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 260 (VIIRS LWIR): All levels assigned dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global, HOWEVER the GSI values appear
+#                        to be a standard profile (borrowed from e.g., Type=244). Using the standard profile here.
+#                        It's possibly that my prepobs_errtable.global file is out-of-date.
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 260
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# sanity-check criteria
+# Observation Range Sanity Check
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  minvalue: -130.
+  maxvalue: 130.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Velocity Sanity Check
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/Velocity
+  maxvalue: 130.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
 # preQC (read_satwnd) criteria
-#
 # EUMETSAT winds: satelliteIdentifer [50–79] (>49, <80)
-  # Reject obs with satelliteZenithAngle > 68 deg
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 50-79
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/satelliteZenithAngle
-    maxvalue: 68.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with windComputationMethod = 5 (clear-sky WV AMV)
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 50-79
-    - variable: MetaData/windComputationMethod
-      is_in: 5
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 85
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 50-79
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast 
-    minvalue: 85.
-    maxvalue: 100.
-    action:
-      name: reject
+# Reject obs with satelliteZenithAngle > 68 deg
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 50-79
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/satelliteZenithAngle
+  maxvalue: 68.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with windComputationMethod = 5 (clear-sky WV AMV)
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 50-79
+  - variable: MetaData/windComputationMethod
+    is_in: 5
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 85
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 50-79
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast 
+  minvalue: 85.
+  maxvalue: 100.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
 # JMA: satelliteIdentifier [100–199] (>99, <200)
-  # Reject obs with satelliteZenithAngle > 68 deg
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 100-199
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/satelliteZenithAngle
-    maxvalue: 68.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with windComputationMethod = 5 (clear-sky WV AMV)
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 100-199
-    - variable: MetaData/windComputationMethod
-      is_in: 5
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 85.
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 100-199
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast
-    minvalue: 85.
-    maxvalue: 100.
-    action:
-      name: reject
+# Reject obs with satelliteZenithAngle > 68 deg
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 100-199
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/satelliteZenithAngle
+  maxvalue: 68.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with windComputationMethod = 5 (clear-sky WV AMV)
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 100-199
+  - variable: MetaData/windComputationMethod
+    is_in: 5
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 85.
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 100-199
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast
+  minvalue: 85.
+  maxvalue: 100.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
 # NESDIS: satelliteIdentifier [250–299] (>249, <300)
-  # Reject obs with satelliteZenithAngle > 68 deg
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/satelliteZenithAngle
-    maxvalue: 68.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 90. OR > 100.
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast
-    minvalue: 90.
-    maxvalue: 100.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with pressure < 15000.
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 15000.
-    action: 
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with pressure < 70000. when Type=251
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 251
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 70000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with pressure > 30000. when Type=246
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 246
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 30000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with pressure > 85000. when isli=1 (land surface)
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: GeoVaLs/land_area_fraction
-      minvalue: 0.999
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 85000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject obs with pct1 (Coeff. of Var.) outside of 0.04–0.5, Type [240,245,246,251] ONLY
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240,245,246,251
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/coefficientOfVariation
-    minvalue: 0.04
-    maxvalue: 0.5
-    action:
-      name: reject
+# Reject obs with satelliteZenithAngle > 68 deg
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/satelliteZenithAngle
+  maxvalue: 68.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with qualityInformationWithoutForecast < 90. OR > 100.
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/qualityInformationWithoutForecast
+  minvalue: 90.
+  maxvalue: 100.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure < 15000.
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 15000.
+  action: 
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure < 70000. when Type=251
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 251
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 70000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure > 30000. when Type=246
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 30000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pressure > 85000. when isli=1 (land surface)
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: GeoVaLs/land_area_fraction
+    minvalue: 0.99
+#  - variable: GeoVaLs/dominant_surface_type
+#    maxvalue: 1.0001
+#    minvalue: 0.9999
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 85000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject obs with pct1 (Coeff. of Var.) outside of 0.04–0.5, Type [240,245,246,251] ONLY
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240,245,246,251
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/coefficientOfVariation
+  minvalue: 0.04
+  maxvalue: 0.5
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
 # NESDIS obs are also subject to the experr_norm test defined as:
 #
 # if (10. - 0.1*(expectedError))/(ob_speed)>0.9, or ob_speed<0.1, reject, applies to NESDIS winds
 #
 # CLEARED: With caveat that float precision/handling differences can generate different acceptance criteria
 # between UFO and GSO for observations with an experr_norm value right around the maxvalue.
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
-      is_in: 250-299
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/SatWindsErrnormCheck
-    maxvalue: 0.9
-    action:
-      name: reject
-#
-  # Reject all Type=240 (GOES SWIR) AMVs: These are not currently assimilated in GSI and they have missing-values
-  # assigned to ob-errors
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240
-    action:
-      name: reject
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/satelliteIdentifier
+    is_in: 250-299
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/SatWindsErrnormCheck
+  maxvalue: 0.9
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject all Type=240 (GOES SWIR) AMVs: These are not currently assimilated in GSI and they have missing-values
+# assigned to ob-errors
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240
+  action:
+    name: reject
 #
 # setupw criteria
 #
-  # Reject any ob Type [240–260] when pressure greater than 950 mb.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240-260
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 95001.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # GOES IR (245) reject when pressure between 399 and 801 mb.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/pressure
-      minvalue: 39901.
-      maxvalue: 80099.
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 245
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # JMA IR (252) reject when pressure between 499 and 801 mb.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/pressure
-      minvalue: 49901.
-      maxvalue: 80099.
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 252
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # EUMETSAT IR (253) reject when pressure between 401 and 801 mb.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: MetaData/pressure
-      minvalue: 40101.
-      maxvalue: 80099.
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 253
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # GOES WV (246, 250, 254), reject when pressure greater than 399 mb.
-  # CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 246, 250, 254
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 39900.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # EUMET (242) and JMA (243) vis, reject when pressure less than 700 mb.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 242, 243
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 70000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # MODIS-Aqua/Terra (257) and (259), reject when pressure less than 249 mb.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 257,259
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: 24900.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # MODIS-Aqua/Terra (258) and (259), reject when pressure greater than 600 mb.
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  # maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 258, 259
-    test variables:
-    - name: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: 60000.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Multiple satellite platforms, reject when pressure is more than 50 mb above tropopause.
-  # CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Difference Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    reference: GeoVaLs/tropopause_pressure
-    value: MetaData/pressure
-    minvalue: -5000.                   # 50 hPa above tropopause level, negative p-diff
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # GOES (247) reject any observation with a /=0 surface type (non-water 
-  # surface) within 110 hPa of the surface pressure (as part of the LNVD
-  # check).
-  # NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
-  - filter: Difference Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable:
-        name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
-      maxvalue: 0.001
-    - variable:
-        name: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 247
-    reference: GeoVaLs/surface_pressure
-    value: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: -11000.                   # within 110 hPa above surface pressure, negative p-diff
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # AVHRR (244), MODIS (257,258,259), and VIIRS (260) reject any 
-  # observation with a /=0 surface type (non-water surface) within
-  # 200 hPa of the surface pressure (as part of the LNVD check).
-  # CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Difference Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable:
-        name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
-      maxvalue: 0.001
+# Reject any ob Type [240–260] when pressure greater than 950 mb.
+# CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240-260
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 95001.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GOES IR (245) reject when pressure between 399 and 801 mb.
+# CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/pressure
+    minvalue: 39901.
+    maxvalue: 80099.
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 245
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# JMA IR (252) reject when pressure between 499 and 801 mb.
+# CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/pressure
+    minvalue: 49901.
+    maxvalue: 80099.
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 252
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# EUMETSAT IR (253) reject when pressure between 401 and 801 mb.
+# CLEARED: minvalue/maxvalue are >=/<=, not >/<, so editing range by 1 Pa
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: MetaData/pressure
+    minvalue: 40101.
+    maxvalue: 80099.
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 253
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GOES WV (246, 250, 254), reject when pressure greater than 399 mb.
+# CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246, 250, 254
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 39900.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# EUMET (242) and JMA (243) vis, reject when pressure less than 700 mb.
+# CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 242, 243
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 70000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# MODIS-Aqua/Terra (257) and (259), reject when pressure less than 249 mb.
+# CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 257,259
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: 24900.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# MODIS-Aqua/Terra (258) and (259), reject when pressure greater than 600 mb.
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+# maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 258, 259
+  test variables:
+  - name: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: 60000.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Multiple satellite platforms, reject when pressure is more than 50 mb above tropopause.
+# CLEARED: minvalue is rejecting <, not <= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Difference Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  reference: GeoVaLs/tropopause_pressure
+  value: MetaData/pressure
+  minvalue: -5000.                   # 50 hPa above tropopause level, negative p-diff
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# GOES (247) reject any observation with a /=0 surface type (non-water 
+# surface) within 110 hPa of the surface pressure (as part of the LNVD
+# check).
+# NOT EXPLICITLY CLEARED: No obs in this range in file, so 0 Bounds Check rejects (which is correct) but essentially untested
+- filter: Difference Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
+    maxvalue: 0.99
+#      name: GeoVaLs/dominant_surface_type
+#    minvalue: 0.001
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  reference: GeoVaLs/surface_pressure
+  value: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: -11000.                   # within 110 hPa above surface pressure, negative p-diff
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# AVHRR (244), MODIS (257,258,259), and VIIRS (260) reject any 
+# observation with a /=0 surface type (non-water surface) within
+# 200 hPa of the surface pressure (as part of the LNVD check).
+# CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Difference Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable:
+      name: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
+    maxvalue: 0.99
+#      name: GeoVaLs/dominant_surface_type
+#    minvalue: 0.001
+  - variable:
+      name: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 244, 257-260
+  reference: GeoVaLs/surface_pressure
+  value: MetaData/pressure
+  maxvalue: -20000.                   # within 200 hPa above surface pressure, negative p-diff
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject GOES (247) when difference of wind direction is more than 50 degrees.
+# CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindDirAngleDiff
+  maxvalue: 50.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# AVHRR (244), MODIS (257,258,259), VIIRS (260), GOES (247) use a LNVD check.
+# CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 244, 247, 257-260
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/SatWindsLNVDCheck
+  maxvalue: 3.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# All satwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
+# prior to the SPDB check (i.e. the gross-error check). The gross-error
+# check uses the adjusted errors for error-bound tightening and rejection,
+# so this check has to come first. This check will inflate errors for obs
+# that are too close to either the model top or bottom.
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  where:
     - variable:
         name: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 244, 257-260
-    reference: GeoVaLs/surface_pressure
-    value: MetaData/pressure
-    maxvalue: -20000.                   # within 200 hPa above surface pressure, negative p-diff
-    action:
-      name: reject
-obs post filters:
-  # Reject GOES (247) when difference of wind direction is more than 50 degrees.
-  # CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 247
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindDirAngleDiff
-    maxvalue: 50.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # AVHRR (244), MODIS (257,258,259), VIIRS (260), GOES (247) use a LNVD check.
-  # CLEARED: maxvalue is rejecting >, not >= as per a Perform Action, so threshold is unchanged
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 244, 247, 257-260
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/SatWindsLNVDCheck
-    maxvalue: 3.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # All satwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-  # prior to the SPDB check (i.e. the gross-error check). The gross-error
-  # check uses the adjusted errors for error-bound tightening and rejection,
-  # so this check has to come first. This check will inflate errors for obs
-  # that are too close to either the model top or bottom.
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    where:
-      - variable:
-          name: ObsType/windEastward
-        is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-        options:
-          variable: windEastward
-          inflation factor: 4.0
-
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-      - variable:
-          name: ObsType/windNorthward
-        is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-        options:
-          variable: windNorthward
-          inflation factor: 4.0
-  #
-  # All satwinds subject to a gross-error check that contains significant
-  # modifiers for satwinds with a negative speed-bias. ALL wind gross-error
-  # checks are currently being done by the SatWindsSPDBCheck.
-  # CLEARED
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+      is_in: 240-260
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
       options:
-        wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
-        cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
-        error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
-        error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
         variable: windEastward
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windNorthward
+      is_in: 240-260
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
       options:
-        wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
-        cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
-        error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
-        error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
         variable: windNorthward
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
-  # to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
-  # of the duplicates should be rejected.
-  - filter: RejectList
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
-        options:
-          use_air_pressure: true
-          variable: windEastward
-  - filter: RejectList
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
-        options:
-          use_air_pressure: true
-          variable: windNorthward
-  # We are extending this to an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by
-  # 1/0.8 = 1.25. This is caused by the GSI value of nvqc being set to .true. in the global operational
-  # configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
-  # This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
-  # the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
-  #
-  # If this nvqc functionality were to be switched off (i.e. if variational qc were to be turned off),
-  # you would want to remove this last inflation filter.
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation factor: 1.25
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+
+# All satwinds subject to a gross-error check that contains significant
+# modifiers for satwinds with a negative speed-bias. ALL wind gross-error
+# checks are currently being done by the SatWindsSPDBCheck.
+# CLEARED
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
+      cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
+      variable: windEastward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  247,  248,  249, 250,  251,  252,  253,   254,  255,  256,  257,  258,  259,  260]
+      cgross:  [  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  1.5,  2.5,  1.3,  1.3,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5, 2.5,  1.3,  2.5,  1.5,   1.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5,  2.5]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4, 1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,   1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1, 15.0, 15.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.0, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1, 20.1]
+      variable: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
+# to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
+# of the duplicates should be rejected.
+# Inflate obs error for duplicated observations at the same location
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward 
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+
+# Inflate obs error for duplicated observations at the same location
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward 
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+
+# We are extending this to an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by
+# 1/0.8 = 1.25. This is caused by the GSI value of nvqc being set to .true. in the global operational
+# configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
+# This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
+# the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
 #
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
-      is_in: 240-260
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation factor: 1.25
-# END OF FILTERS
-linear obs operator:
-  name: Identity
-
-#passedBenchmark: 1025814# 2 variables (u,v), both passing 512907 obs, including 512907 GSI/UFO agreements, and:
-passedBenchmark: 1150870 # 2 variables (u,v), both passing 575435 obs, including 512907 GSI/UFO agreements, and:
+# If this nvqc functionality were to be switched off (i.e. if variational qc were to be turned off),
+# you would want to remove this last inflation filter.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+#    is_in: 240-260
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
+#    is_in: 240-260
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+
+# End of Filters  
+#passedBenchmark: 1150870 # 2 variables (u,v), both passing 575435 obs, including 575435 GSI/UFO agreements, and:
+passedBenchmark: 1025814 # 2 variables (u,v), both passing 512907 obs, including 512907 GSI/UFO agreements, and:
                          # 16 GOES AMVs (6 u-obs, 6 v-obs) that are rejected by the SatWindsErrnormCheck in UFO
                          # but are retained in GSI's equivalent experr_norm check. All 6 of these disagreements
                          # have error norm values at almost exactly 0.9, indicating a float precision/handling
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/satwind_noqc.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/satwind_noqc.yaml
index cef238455..b2535470d 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/satwind_noqc.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/satwind_noqc.yaml
@@ -9,10 +9,404 @@ obs space:
       type: H5File
       obsfile: !ENV satwind_diag_${CDATE}.nc4
   simulated variables: [windEastward, windNorthward]
+
 geovals:
   filename: !ENV satwind_geoval_${CDATE}.nc4
+
 obs operator:
   name: VertInterp
+  hofx scaling field: SurfaceWindScalingPressure
+  hofx scaling field group: DerivedVariables
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Apply variable changes needed wind scaling
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: SurfaceWindScalingPressure
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+obs post filters:
+# Assign the initial observation error, based on height/pressure
+# Hard-wiring to prepobs_errtable.global by Type
+# ObsError is currently not updating in diag file, but passes directly to EffectiveError when no inflation is specified in YAML
+# Type 240 (GOES SWIR): Assigned all dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 240
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 241 (Multi Spec. Imager LWIR): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 241
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 242 (Himawari VIS)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 242
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 243  (MVIRI/SEVIRI VIS)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 243
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 244 (AVHRR LWIR)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 244
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 245 (GOES LWIR): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 245
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 246 (GOES cloud-top WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 246
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 247 (GOES clear-sky WV): I am assuming these are halved relative to prepobs_errtable.global, based on read_satwnd.f90: L1410–1416
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 247
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.8,7.8,8.,8.,8.2,10.,12.,12.6,13.2,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.,14.]
+
+# Type 248 (GOES Sounder cloud-top WV): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 248
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 249 (GOES Sounder clear-sky WV): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 249
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 250 (Himawari AHI WV, cloud-top or clear-sky)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 250
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,7.,7.3,7.6,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.,8.]
+
+# Type 251 (GOES VIS): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 251
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 252 (Himawari AHI LWIR)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 252
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 253 (MVIRI/SEVERI LWIR)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 253
+  action: 
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 254 (MVIRI/SEVIRI WV, both cloud-top and clear-sky)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 254
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.5,6.1,6.,6.5,7.3,7.6,7.,7.5,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 255 (LEOGEO):
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 255
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 256 (Multi Spec. Imager WV, both clear-sky and cloud-top): Assigned all dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 256
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.]
+
+# Type 257 (MODIS LWIR)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 257
+  action: 
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 258 (MODIS cloud-top WV): Some levels assigned dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 258
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 259 (MODIS clear-sky WV): Some levels assigned dummy values
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 259
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [1000000000.,1000000000.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
+
+# Type 260 (VIIRS LWIR): All levels assigned dummy values in prepobs_errtable.global, HOWEVER the GSI values appear
+#                        to be a standard profile (borrowed from e.g., Type=244). Using the standard profile here.
+#                        It's possibly that my prepobs_errtable.global file is out-of-date.
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 260
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error function:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorModelStepwiseLinear
+      options:
+        xvar:
+          name: MetaData/pressure
+        xvals: [110000.,105000.,100000.,95000.,90000.,85000.,80000.,75000.,70000.,65000.,60000.,55000.,50000.,45000.,40000.,35000.,30000.,25000.,20000.,15000.,10000.,7500.,5000.,4000.,3000.,2000.,1000.,500.,400.,300.,200.,100.,0.]   #Pressure (Pa)
+        errors: [3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8,3.9,3.9,4.,4.,4.1,5.,6.,6.3,6.6,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.,7.]
 
-vector ref: GsiHofXBc
-tolerance: 1.e-5
+passedBenchmark: 2459862    # with enforced time window
+#passedBenchmark: 2752378   # without enforcing time window
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/scatwind.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/scatwind.yaml
index 30a1af6f7..9befdda81 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/scatwind.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/scatwind.yaml
@@ -9,228 +9,283 @@ obs space:
       type: H5File
       obsfile: !ENV scatwind_diag_${CDATE}.nc4 
   simulated variables: [windEastward, windNorthward]
+
 geovals:
   filename: !ENV scatwind_geoval_${CDATE}.nc4
-vector ref: GsiHofXBc
-tolerance: 0.01
+
 obs operator:
   name: VertInterp
-  apply near surface wind scaling: true
-#
-obs pre filters:
-  # Assign the initial observation error (constant value, 1.5 m/s right now).
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    action:
-      name: assign error
-      error parameter: 1.5
-#obs prior filters:
-  #
-  # Reject all obs with PreQC mark already set above 3
-  # NOTE: All scatwinds have an automatic PreQC mark of 2 (hard-wired default from GSI)
-  # - filter: PreQC
-  #   maxvalue: 3
-  #   action:
-  #     name: reject
-  #
+  # Use height vertical coordinate first
+# vertical coordinate: geometric_height
+  vertical coordinate: geopotential_height
+  observation vertical coordinate group: DerivedVariables
+  observation vertical coordinate: adjustedHeight
+  interpolation method: linear
+  hofx scaling field: SurfaceWindScalingHeight
+  hofx scaling field group: DerivedVariables
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Apply variable changes needed for rescaled height coordinate
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: AdjustedHeightCoordinate
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Apply variable changes needed for wind scaling
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: SurfaceWindScalingHeight
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Assign the initial observation error (constant value, 1.5 m/s right now).
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 1.5
+
+# Calculate error inflation factor for duplicate observations
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windEastward
+
+#- filter: Variable Assignment
+#  assignments:
+#  - name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+#    type: float
+#    function:
+#      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
+#      options:
+#        use_air_pressure: true
+#        variable: windNorthward
+
+# Reject all obs with PreQC mark already set above 3
+# NOTE: All scatwinds have an automatic PreQC mark of 2 (hard-wired default from GSI)
+# - filter: PreQC
+#   maxvalue: 3
+#   action:
+#     name: reject
+
 obs post filters:
-  #
-  # Reject all ASCAT (Type 290) winds with tsavg <= 273.0 (surface temperature)
-  #
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 290
-    - variable: GeoVaLs/surface_temperature
-      maxvalue: 273.
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  #
-  # Reject all ASCAT (Type 290) winds with isflg /= 0 (non-water surface)
-  #
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 290
-    - variable: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
-      maxvalue: 0.001 
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject ASCAT (Type 290) when observed component deviates from background by more than 5.0 m/s
-  # NOTE: This check can reject a u- or v-component of the same observation independently, which
-  #       is fundamentally different from how GSI rejects obs (both components are rejected if
-  #       either component fails a check).
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    threshold: 5.
-    absolute threshold: 5.
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 290
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject OSCAT (Type 291) when observed component deviates from background by more than 6.0 m/s
-  # NOTE: This check can reject a u- or v-component of the same observation independently, which
-  #       is fundamentally different from how GSI rejects obs (both components are rejected if
-  #       either component fails a check).
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    threshold: 6.
-    absolute threshold: 6.
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 291
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # Reject ASCAT (Type 290) when ambiguity check fails (returned value is negative)
-  - filter: Bounds Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-      is_in: 290
-    test variables:
-    - name: ObsFunction/ScatWindsAmbiguityCheck
-      options:
-        test_hofx: GsiHofX
-        minimum_uv: 0.0001 # hard-coding a minimum-uv for transparancy, want this to basically be zero
-    maxvalue: 0.  
-    action:
-      name: reject
-#
-  # All scatwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck.
-  # This check will inflate errors for obs that are too close to either
-  # the model top or bottom.
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    where:
-      - variable:
-          name: ObsType/windEastward
-        is_in: 290-291
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-        options:
-          variable: windEastward
-          inflation factor: 4.0
-#
-  - filter: Perform Action
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    where:
-      - variable:
-          name: ObsType/windNorthward
-        is_in: 290-291
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
-        options:
-          variable: windNorthward
-          inflation factor: 4.0
-  # All scatwinds subject to a gross error check. This is contained within
-  # the WindsSPDBCheck, although it is not exclusive to satwinds.
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+# Reject all ASCAT (Type 290) winds with tsavg <= 273.0 (surface temperature)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 290
+#   - variable: GeoVaLs/surface_temperature
+  - variable: GeoVaLs/surface_temperature_where_land
+    maxvalue: 273.
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject all ASCAT (Type 290) winds with isflg /= 0 (non-water surface)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 290
+  - variable: GeoVaLs/water_area_fraction
+    maxvalue: 0.99 
+#    - variable: GeoVaLs/surface_type
+#      minvalue: 0.001
+  action:
+    name: reject
+#passedBenchmark: 53558 # 2 variables (u,v), u=26779 passing, v=26779 passing
+
+# Reject ASCAT (Type 290) when observed component deviates from background by more than 5.0 m/s
+# NOTE: This check can reject a u- or v-component of the same observation independently, which
+#       is fundamentally different from how GSI rejects obs (both components are rejected if
+#       either component fails a check).
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic
+    options:
+      variables:
+      - name: ObsValue/windEastward
+      - name: HofX/windEastward
+      coefs: [1.0, -1.0]
+  minvalue: -5.0
+  maxvalue: 5.0
+
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/Arithmetic
+    options:
+      variables:
+      - name: ObsValue/windNorthward
+      - name: HofX/windNorthward
+      coefs: [1.0, -1.0]
+  minvalue: -5.0
+  maxvalue: 5.0
+#passedBenchmark: 52362 # 2 variables (u,v), u=26181 passing, v=26181 passing
+
+# Reject OSCAT (Type 291) when observed component deviates from background by more than 6.0 m/s
+# NOTE: This check can reject a u- or v-component of the same observation independently, which
+#       is fundamentally different from how GSI rejects obs (both components are rejected if
+#       either component fails a check).
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  threshold: 6.
+  absolute threshold: 6.
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 291
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+# Reject ASCAT (Type 290) when ambiguity check fails (returned value is negative)
+- filter: Bounds Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+    is_in: 290
+  test variables:
+  - name: ObsFunction/ScatWindsAmbiguityCheck
+    options:
+#       test_hofx: GsiHofX
+      minimum_uv: 0.0001 # hard-coding a minimum-uv for transparancy, want this to basically be zero
+  maxvalue: 0.  
+  action:
+    name: reject
+#passedBenchmark: 51776 # 2 variables (u,v), u=25888 passing, v=25888 passing
+
+# All scatwinds must adjust errors based on ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck.
+# This check will inflate errors for obs that are too close to either
+# the model top or bottom.
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windEastward
+      is_in: 290-291
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
       options:
-        wndtype: [  290,  291]
-        cgross:  [  5.0,  5.0]
-        error_min: [1.4,  1.4]
-        error_max: [6.1,  6.1]
         variable: windEastward
-    action:
-      name: reject
-
-  - filter: Background Check
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    function absolute threshold:
-    - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  where:
+    - variable:
+        name: ObsType/windNorthward
+      is_in: 290-291
+  action:
+    name: inflate error
+    inflation variable:
+      name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorPressureCheck
       options:
-        wndtype: [  290,  291]
-        cgross:  [  5.0,  5.0]
-        error_min: [1.4,  1.4]
-        error_max: [6.1,  6.1]
         variable: windNorthward
-    action:
-      name: reject
-  # The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
-  # to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
-  # of the duplicates should be rejected.
-  - filter: RejectList
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windEastward
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
-        options:
-          use_air_pressure: true
-          variable: windEastward
-  - filter: RejectList
-    filter variables:
-    - name: windNorthward
-    action:
-      name: inflate error
-      inflation variable:
-        name: ObsFunction/ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck
-        options:
-          use_air_pressure: true
-          variable: windNorthward
-  # There is no across-the-board inflation for nvqc=.true. for scatwinds, presumably because for
-  # this inflation to take place both nvqc must be .true. AND ibeta must be >0, see:
-  # https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/GSI/blob/14ae595af1b03471287d322596d35c0665336e95/src/gsi/setupw.f90#L1229
-  # GSI settings must have ibeta>0 for satwinds, but not for scatwinds.
-  #
-  # 
-  # If the ibeta settings for scatwinds were to change while nvqc remained .true., we would extend YAML to
-  # an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by 1/0.8 = 1.25. NOTE: the nvqc setting
-  # is defaulted to .false. in GSI code, but is overridden in global operational configuration. See:
-  # configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
-  # This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
-  # the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
-  #
-  # If this functionality were to be activated for scatwinds, you would want to include this last inflation filter.
-#  - filter: Perform Action
-#    filter variables:
-#    - name: windEastward
-#    where:
-#    - variable: ObsType/windEastward
-#      is_in: 290-291
-#    action:
-#      name: inflate error
-#      inflation factor: 1.25
-#  - filter: Perform Action
-#    filter variables:
-#    - name: windNorthward
-#    where:
-#    - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
-#      is_in: 290-291
-#    action:
-#      name: inflate error
-#      inflation factor: 1.25
-linear obs operator:
-  name: Identity
-#passedBenchmark: 52097 # 2 variables (u,v), u=26087 passing, v=26010 passing
-passedBenchmark: 52109 # 2 variables (u,v), u=26093 passing, v=26016 passing
+        inflation factor: 4.0
+#passedBenchmark: 51776 # 2 variables (u,v), u=25888 passing, v=25888 passing
+
+# All scatwinds subject to a gross error check. This is contained within
+# the WindsSPDBCheck, although it is not exclusive to satwinds.
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  290,  291]
+      cgross:  [  5.0,  5.0]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1]
+      variable: windEastward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+
+- filter: Background Check
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windNorthward
+  function absolute threshold:
+  - name: ObsFunction/WindsSPDBCheck
+    options:
+      wndtype: [  290,  291]
+      cgross:  [  5.0,  5.0]
+      error_min: [1.4,  1.4]
+      error_max: [6.1,  6.1]
+      variable: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: reject
+#passedBenchmark: 51776 # 2 variables (u,v), u=25888 passing, v=25888 passing
+
+# The last error inflation check is for duplicate observations. This one needs
+# to come last, because we don't want to inflate errors for duplication if one
+# of the duplicates should be rejected.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windEastward
+
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation variable:
+#      name: ObsErrorFactorDuplicateCheck/windNorthward
+
+# There is no across-the-board inflation for nvqc=.true. for scatwinds, presumably because for
+# this inflation to take place both nvqc must be .true. AND ibeta must be >0, see:
+# https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/GSI/blob/14ae595af1b03471287d322596d35c0665336e95/src/gsi/setupw.f90#L1229
+# GSI settings must have ibeta>0 for satwinds, but not for scatwinds.
+# 
+# If the ibeta settings for scatwinds were to change while nvqc remained .true., we would extend YAML to
+# an additional filter that inflates final ob-errors across-the-board by 1/0.8 = 1.25. NOTE: the nvqc setting
+# is defaulted to .false. in GSI code, but is overridden in global operational configuration. See:
+# configuration, see: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/global-workflow/blob/d5ae3328fa4041b177357b1133f6b92e81c859d7/scripts/exglobal_atmos_analysis.sh#L750
+# This setting activates Line 1229 of setupw.f90 to scale ratio_errors by 0.8, which is applied in
+# the denominator of the final ob-error, so 1/0.8 = 1.25 factor of ob-error inflation.
+#
+# If this functionality were to be activated for scatwinds, you would want to include this last inflation filter.
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windEastward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windEastward
+#    is_in: 290-291
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+#- filter: Perform Action
+#  filter variables:
+#  - name: windNorthward
+#  where:
+#  - variable: ObsType/windNorthward
+#    is_in: 290-291
+#  action:
+#    name: inflate error
+#    inflation factor: 1.25
+passedBenchmark: 51764 # 2 variables (u,v), u=25882 passing, v=25882 passing
                        # GSI rejects both u- and v-component in first-guess check, UFO does not, but when UFO rej is reconciled btwn u and v these match GSI rej
                        #   u: 207 obs pass with corresponding v being rejected, 25880 obs in UFO/GSI agreement
                        #   v: 130 obs pass with corresponding u being rejected, 25880 obs in UFO/GSI agreement
diff --git a/parm/atm/obs/testing/scatwind_noqc.yaml b/parm/atm/obs/testing/scatwind_noqc.yaml
index f8f36efeb..ec4aef452 100644
--- a/parm/atm/obs/testing/scatwind_noqc.yaml
+++ b/parm/atm/obs/testing/scatwind_noqc.yaml
@@ -9,13 +9,42 @@ obs space:
       type: H5File
       obsfile: !ENV scatwind_diag_${CDATE}.nc4 
   simulated variables: [windEastward, windNorthward]
+
 geovals:
   filename: !ENV scatwind_geoval_${CDATE}.nc4
-vector ref: GsiHofXBc
-tolerance: 0.01
+
 obs operator:
   name: VertInterp
-  apply near surface wind scaling: true
+  # Use height vertical coordinate first
+# vertical coordinate: geometric_height
+  vertical coordinate: geopotential_height
+  observation vertical coordinate group: DerivedVariables
+  observation vertical coordinate: adjustedHeight
+  interpolation method: linear
+  hofx scaling field: SurfaceWindScalingHeight
+  hofx scaling field group: DerivedVariables 
+
+obs prior filters:
+# Apply variable changes needed for rescaled height coordinate
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: AdjustedHeightCoordinate
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Apply variable changes needed for wind scaling
+- filter: Variable Transforms
+  Transform: SurfaceWindScalingHeight
+  SkipWhenNoObs: False
+
+# Assign the initial observation error (constant value, 1.5 m/s)
+- filter: Perform Action
+  filter variables:
+  - name: windEastward
+  - name: windNorthward
+  action:
+    name: assign error
+    error parameter: 1.5
 
-vector ref: GsiHofXBc
-tolerance: 1.e-5
+passedBenchmark: 53546 
+#passedBenchmark: 53558 
+#vector ref: GsiHofXBc
+#tolerance: 1.e-5
diff --git a/parm/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_adpsfc_prepbufr.json b/parm/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_adpsfc_prepbufr.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdde19135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_adpsfc_prepbufr.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "data_format"      : "prepbufr",
+  "subsets"          : [ "ADPSFC" ],
+  "source"           : "prepBUFR",
+  "data_type"        : "ADPSFC",
+  "cycle_type"       : "{{ RUN }}",
+  "cycle_datetime"   : "{{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}",
+  "dump_directory"   : "{{ DMPDIR }}",
+  "ioda_directory"   : "{{ COM_OBS }}",
+  "data_description" : "ADPSFC_prepbufr",
+  "data_provider"    : "U.S. NOAA"
+}
diff --git a/parm/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_sfcshp_prepbufr.json b/parm/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_sfcshp_prepbufr.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bdc8f781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_sfcshp_prepbufr.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "data_format"      : "prepbufr",
+  "subsets"          : [ "SFCSHP" ],
+  "source"           : "prepBUFR",
+  "data_type"        : "SFCSHP",
+  "cycle_type"       : "{{ RUN }}",
+  "cycle_datetime"   : "{{ current_cycle | to_YMDH }}",
+  "dump_directory"   : "{{ DMPDIR }}",
+  "ioda_directory"   : "{{ COM_OBS }}",
+  "data_description" : "SFCSHP_prepbufr",
+  "data_provider"    : "U.S. NOAA"
+}
diff --git a/parm/soca/berror/soca_ensb.yaml b/parm/soca/berror/soca_ensb.yaml
index 814dfc7ac..447d5b5fd 100644
--- a/parm/soca/berror/soca_ensb.yaml
+++ b/parm/soca/berror/soca_ensb.yaml
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ steric height:
   linear variable changes:
   - linear variable change name: BalanceSOCA  # Only the steric balance is applied
 
+ensemble mean output:
+  datadir: ./static_ens
+  date: '{{ATM_WINDOW_BEGIN}}'
+  exp: ens_mean
+  type: incr
+
 ssh output:
   unbalanced:
     datadir: ./static_ens
diff --git a/parm/soca/berror/soca_ensweights.yaml b/parm/soca/berror/soca_ensweights.yaml
index c7ea40a98..094377f95 100644
--- a/parm/soca/berror/soca_ensweights.yaml
+++ b/parm/soca/berror/soca_ensweights.yaml
@@ -19,6 +19,16 @@ weights:
   # Need to provide weights^2 when reading from file
   ice: 0.0025   #  5% of original variance
   ocean: 0.0625   # 25%      "       "
+  # Apply localized weights to the ocean ens. B
+  ocean local weights:
+  - lon: -172.0
+    lat: 11.0
+    amplitude: -1.0
+    length scale: 700.0
+  - lon: -160.0
+    lat: 12.0
+    amplitude: -1.0
+    length scale: 700.0
 
 output:
   datadir: ./
diff --git a/parm/soca/obs/config/salt_profile_argo.yaml b/parm/soca/obs/config/salt_profile_argo.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f3e2521a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/soca/obs/config/salt_profile_argo.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+obs space:
+  name: salt_profile_argo
+  obsdatain:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/obs/${OPREFIX}salt_profile_argo.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/diags/salt_profile_argo.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  simulated variables: [salinity]
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+obs operator:
+  name: VertInterp
+  observation alias file: ./obsop_name_map.yaml
+  vertical coordinate: sea_water_depth
+  observation vertical coordinate: depth
+  interpolation method: linear
+obs error:
+  covariance model: diagonal
+
+obs filter:
+  # Passivate obs where ocean fraction is > 90%
+  - filter: Domain Check
+    action:
+      name: passivate
+    where:
+    - variable: {name: GeoVaLs/sea_area_fraction}
+      maxvalue: 0.9
+
diff --git a/parm/soca/obs/config/salt_profile_glider.yaml b/parm/soca/obs/config/salt_profile_glider.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1504886b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/soca/obs/config/salt_profile_glider.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+obs space:
+  name: salt_profile_glider
+  obsdatain:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/obs/${OPREFIX}salt_profile_glider.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/diags/salt_profile_glider.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  simulated variables: [salinity]
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+obs operator:
+  name: VertInterp
+  observation alias file: ./obsop_name_map.yaml
+  vertical coordinate: sea_water_depth
+  observation vertical coordinate: depth
+  interpolation method: linear
+obs error:
+  covariance model: diagonal
+
+obs filter:
+  # Passivate obs where ocean fraction is > 90%
+  - filter: Domain Check
+    action:
+      name: passivate
+    where:
+    - variable: {name: GeoVaLs/sea_area_fraction}
+      maxvalue: 0.9
+
diff --git a/parm/soca/obs/config/salt_profile_tesac.yaml b/parm/soca/obs/config/salt_profile_tesac.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53cc4496e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/soca/obs/config/salt_profile_tesac.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+obs space:
+  name: salt_profile_tesac
+  obsdatain:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/obs/${OPREFIX}salt_profile_tesac.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/diags/salt_profile_tesac.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  simulated variables: [salinity]
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+obs operator:
+  name: VertInterp
+  observation alias file: ./obsop_name_map.yaml
+  vertical coordinate: sea_water_depth
+  observation vertical coordinate: depth
+  interpolation method: linear
+obs error:
+  covariance model: diagonal
+
+obs filter:
+  # Passivate obs where ocean fraction is > 90%
+  - filter: Domain Check
+    action:
+      name: passivate
+    where:
+    - variable: {name: GeoVaLs/sea_area_fraction}
+      maxvalue: 0.9
+
diff --git a/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_argo.yaml b/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_argo.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff1b8ce9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_argo.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+obs space:
+  name: temp_profile_argo
+  obsdatain:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/obs/${OPREFIX}temp_profile_argo.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/diags/temp_profile_argo.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  simulated variables: [waterTemperature]
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+obs operator:
+  name: InsituTemperature
+
+obs error:
+  covariance model: diagonal
+
+obs filters:
+  # Passivate obs where ocean fraction is > 90%
+  - filter: Domain Check
+    action:
+      name: passivate
+    where:
+    - variable: {name: GeoVaLs/sea_area_fraction}
+      maxvalue: 0.9
+
diff --git a/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_bathy.yaml b/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_bathy.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90c0569ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_bathy.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+obs space:
+  name: temp_profile_bathy
+  obsdatain:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/obs/${OPREFIX}temp_profile_bathy.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/diags/temp_profile_bathy.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  simulated variables: [waterTemperature]
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+obs operator:
+  name: InsituTemperature
+
+obs error:
+  covariance model: diagonal
+
+obs filters:
+  # Passivate obs where ocean fraction is > 90%
+  - filter: Domain Check
+    action:
+      name: passivate
+    where:
+    - variable: {name: GeoVaLs/sea_area_fraction}
+      maxvalue: 0.9
+
diff --git a/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_glider.yaml b/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_glider.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..721fccafb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_glider.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+obs space:
+  name: temp_profile_glider
+  obsdatain:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/obs/${OPREFIX}temp_profile_glider.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/diags/temp_profile_glider.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  simulated variables: [waterTemperature]
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+obs operator:
+  name: InsituTemperature
+
+obs error:
+  covariance model: diagonal
+
+obs filters:
+  # Passivate obs where ocean fraction is > 90%
+  - filter: Domain Check
+    action:
+      name: passivate
+    where:
+    - variable: {name: GeoVaLs/sea_area_fraction}
+      maxvalue: 0.9
+
diff --git a/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_tesac.yaml b/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_tesac.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cbe84bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/parm/soca/obs/config/temp_profile_tesac.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+obs space:
+  name: temp_profile_tesac
+  obsdatain:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/obs/${OPREFIX}temp_profile_tesac.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  obsdataout:
+    engine:
+      type: H5File
+      obsfile: !ENV ${DATA}/diags/temp_profile_tesac.${PDY}${cyc}.nc4
+  simulated variables: [waterTemperature]
+  io pool:
+    max pool size: 1
+obs operator:
+  name: InsituTemperature
+
+obs error:
+  covariance model: diagonal
+
+obs filters:
+  # Passivate obs where ocean fraction is > 90%
+  - filter: Domain Check
+    action:
+      name: passivate
+    where:
+    - variable: {name: GeoVaLs/sea_area_fraction}
+      maxvalue: 0.9
+
diff --git a/parm/soca/obs/obs_list.yaml b/parm/soca/obs/obs_list.yaml
index d710f3461..89b2659a1 100644
--- a/parm/soca/obs/obs_list.yaml
+++ b/parm/soca/obs/obs_list.yaml
@@ -13,3 +13,10 @@ observers:
 #- !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/icec_ssmis_f17_south.yaml
 #- !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/icec_ssmis_f18_north.yaml
 - !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/icec_ssmis_f18_south.yaml
+#- !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/temp_profile_argo.yaml
+#- !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/temp_profile_bathy.yaml
+#- !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/temp_profile_glider.yaml
+#- !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/temp_profile_tesac.yaml
+#- !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/salt_profile_argo.yaml
+#- !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/salt_profile_glider.yaml
+#- !INC ${OBS_YAML_DIR}/salt_profile_tesac.yaml
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/scripts/exgdas_global_marine_analysis_vrfy.py b/scripts/exgdas_global_marine_analysis_vrfy.py
index 52d657563..6179c00e7 100755
--- a/scripts/exgdas_global_marine_analysis_vrfy.py
+++ b/scripts/exgdas_global_marine_analysis_vrfy.py
@@ -81,10 +81,15 @@
 config = plotConfig(grid_file=grid_file,
                     data_file=data_file,
                     lats=np.arange(-60, 60, 10),
+                    lons=np.arange(-280, 80, 30),
                     variables_zonal={'Temp': [0, 2],
                                      'Salt': [0, 0.2],
                                      'u': [0, 0.2],
                                      'v': [0, 0.2]},
+                    variables_meridional={'Temp': [0, 2],
+                                          'Salt': [0, 0.2],
+                                          'u': [0, 0.2],
+                                          'v': [0, 0.2]},
                     variables_horiz={'Temp': [0, 2],
                                      'Salt': [0, 0.2],
                                      'u': [0, 0.2],
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@
 config = plotConfig(grid_file=grid_file,
                     data_file=data_file,
                     lats=np.arange(-60, 60, 10),
-                    lons=np.arange(-280, 80, 10),
+                    lons=np.arange(-280, 80, 30),
                     variables_zonal={'Temp': [-0.5, 0.5],
                                      'Salt': [-0.1, 0.1]},
                     variables_horiz={'Temp': [-0.5, 0.5],
diff --git a/test/land/letkfoi_land.yaml b/test/land/letkfoi_land.yaml
index c9069f0e8..98cd3d171 100644
--- a/test/land/letkfoi_land.yaml
+++ b/test/land/letkfoi_land.yaml
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ observations:
       where:
       - minvalue: '-999.0'
         variable:
-          name: MetaData/height
+          name: MetaData/stationElevation
     - filter: Domain Check
       where:
       - maxvalue: '1.5'
diff --git a/test/soca/gw/run_jjobs.yaml.test b/test/soca/gw/run_jjobs.yaml.test
index f773a8c79..f908c841f 100644
--- a/test/soca/gw/run_jjobs.yaml.test
+++ b/test/soca/gw/run_jjobs.yaml.test
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ gw environement:
     OOPS_DEBUG: 1
     OMP_NUM_THREADS: 1
 
+  run scripts:
+    GDASPREPOCNOBSPY: @HOMEgfs@/sorc/gdas.cd/scripts/exglobal_prep_ocean_obs.py
+
 setup_expt config:
   base:
     DO_JEDIATMVAR: "NO"
@@ -51,6 +54,8 @@ setup_expt config:
     SABER_BLOCKS_YAML: @HOMEgfs@/sorc/gdas.cd/parm/soca/berror/saber_blocks.yaml
     NICAS_RESOL: 1
     NICAS_GRID_SIZE: 150
+  prepoceanobs:
+    SOCA_OBS_LIST: @HOMEgfs@/sorc/gdas.cd/parm/soca/obs/obs_list_small.yaml
 
 job options:
   account: da-cpu
diff --git a/test/soca/testinput/socahybridweights.yaml b/test/soca/testinput/socahybridweights.yaml
index cdad1ab27..855dd6d60 100644
--- a/test/soca/testinput/socahybridweights.yaml
+++ b/test/soca/testinput/socahybridweights.yaml
@@ -16,8 +16,19 @@ background:
   read_from_file: 1
 
 weights:
-  ice: 0.1
-  ocean: 0.5
+  # Need to provide weights^2 when reading from file
+  ice: 0.0025   #  5% of original variance
+  ocean: 0.0625   # 25%      "       "
+  # Apply localized weights to the ocean ens. B
+  ocean local weights:
+  - lon: -172.0
+    lat: 11.0
+    amplitude: -1.0
+    length scale: 700.0
+  - lon: -160.0
+    lat: 12.0
+    amplitude: -1.0
+    length scale: 700.0
 
 output:
   datadir: ./
diff --git a/ush/eva/jedi_gsi_compare_conv.yaml b/ush/eva/jedi_gsi_compare_conv.yaml
index 02293a7b0..c82a0dbd9 100644
--- a/ush/eva/jedi_gsi_compare_conv.yaml
+++ b/ush/eva/jedi_gsi_compare_conv.yaml
@@ -107,6 +107,24 @@ transforms:
     for:
       variable: *variables
 
+  # Obs Error that passed QC for JEDI
+  - transform: accept where
+    new name: experiment::EffectiveErrorQc::${variable}
+    starting field: experiment::EffectiveError::${variable}
+    where:
+      - experiment::EffectiveQC::${variable} == 0
+    for:
+      variable: *variables
+
+  # ObsError that passed QC for GSI
+  - transform: accept where
+    new name: experiment::GsiFinalObsErrorQc::${variable}
+    starting field: experiment::GsiFinalObsError::${variable}
+    where:
+      - experiment::GsiEffectiveQC::${variable} == 0
+    for:
+      variable: *variables
+
 graphics:
 
   # ---------- Scatter Plots ----------
@@ -276,6 +294,7 @@ graphics:
           markersize: 5
           color: 'red'
           label: 'hofxdiff vs pressure'
+          do_linear_regression: False
         statistics:
           fields:
             - field_name: experiment::HofXDiff::${variable}
@@ -354,6 +373,42 @@ graphics:
           markersize: 5
           color: 'red'
           label: 'errordiff vs pressure'
+          do_linear_regression: False
+  # Error comparison as a function of pressure
+  - batch figure:
+      variables: *variables
+      @CHANNELSKEY@
+    figure:
+      layout: [1,1]
+      title: 'JEDI-GSI Comparison (Passed QC) | @NAME@ @CYCLE@ | ${variable_title}'
+      output name: observation_scatter_plots/errorcomp_vs_pressure_@CYCLE@_@NAME@_${variable}@CHANNELVAR@.png
+    plots:
+      - add_xlabel: 'Observation Error'
+        add_ylabel: 'Observation Pressure'
+        add_grid:
+        add_legend:
+          loc: 'lower left'
+        layers:
+        - type: Scatter
+          x:
+            variable: experiment::GsiFinalObsErrorQc::${variable}
+          y:
+            variable: experiment::MetaData::pressure
+          @CHANNELKEY@
+          markersize: 3
+          color: 'red'
+          label: 'GSI Error'
+          do_linear_regression: False
+        - type: Scatter
+          x:
+            variable: experiment::EffectiveErrorQc::${variable}
+          y:
+            variable: experiment::MetaData::pressure
+          @CHANNELKEY@
+          markersize: 5
+          color: 'green'
+          label: 'JEDI Error'
+          do_linear_regression: False
 
   # ---------- Histograms ----------
   # Histogram of h(x) difference
diff --git a/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_adpsfc_prepbufr.py b/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_adpsfc_prepbufr.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5700574a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_adpsfc_prepbufr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# (C) Copyright 2023 NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC
+#
+# This software is licensed under the terms of the Apache Licence Version 2.0
+# which can be obtained at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+
+import sys
+import numpy as np
+import os
+import argparse
+import math
+import calendar
+import time
+from datetime import datetime
+import json
+from pyiodaconv import bufr
+from collections import namedtuple
+from pyioda import ioda_obs_space as ioda_ospace
+from wxflow import Logger
+
+
+def Compute_dateTime(cycleTimeSinceEpoch, dhr):
+
+    dhr = np.int64(dhr*3600)
+    dateTime = dhr + cycleTimeSinceEpoch
+
+    return dateTime
+
+
+def bufr_to_ioda(config, logger):
+
+    subsets = config["subsets"]
+    logger.debug(f"Checking subsets = {subsets}")
+
+    # Get parameters from configuration
+    data_format = config["data_format"]
+    source = config["source"]
+    data_type = config["data_type"]
+    data_description = config["data_description"]
+    data_provider = config["data_provider"]
+    cycle_type = config["cycle_type"]
+    cycle_datetime = config["cycle_datetime"]
+    dump_dir = config["dump_directory"]
+    ioda_dir = config["ioda_directory"]
+    cycle = config["cycle_datetime"]
+
+    # Get derived parameters
+    yyyymmdd = cycle[0:8]
+    hh = cycle[8:10]
+
+    reference_time = datetime.strptime(cycle, "%Y%m%d%H")
+    reference_time = reference_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+    reference_time_full = f"{yyyymmdd}{hh}00"
+
+    logger.debug(f"reference_time = {reference_time}")
+
+    # General informaton
+    converter = 'BUFR to IODA Converter'
+    platform_description = 'SFCSHP data from prepBUFR format'
+
+    bufrfile = f"{cycle_type}.t{hh}z.{data_format}"
+    DATA_PATH = os.path.join(dump_dir, f"{cycle_type}.{yyyymmdd}",
+                             str(hh), bufrfile)
+
+    logger.debug(f"The DATA_PATH is: {DATA_PATH}")
+
+    # ============================================
+    # Make the QuerySet for all the data we want
+    # ============================================
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    logger.debug('Making QuerySet ...')
+    q = bufr.QuerySet(subsets)
+
+    # ObsType
+    q.add('observationType', '*/TYP')
+
+    # MetaData
+    q.add('stationIdentification', '*/SID')
+    q.add('latitude', '*/YOB')
+    q.add('longitude', '*/XOB')
+    q.add('obsTimeMinusCycleTime', '*/DHR')
+    q.add('heightOfStation', '*/Z___INFO/Z__EVENT{1}/ZOB')
+    q.add('pressure', '*/P___INFO/P__EVENT{1}/POB')
+
+#   # Quality Infomation (Quality Indicator)
+    q.add('qualityMarkerStationPressure', '*/P___INFO/P__EVENT{1}/PQM')
+    q.add('qualityMarkerStationElevation', '*/Z___INFO/Z__EVENT{1}/ZQM')
+
+    # ObsValue
+    q.add('stationPressure', '*/P___INFO/P__EVENT{1}/POB')
+    q.add('stationElevation', '*/ELV')
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Running time for making QuerySet: {running_time} seconds")
+
+    # ==============================================================
+    # Open the BUFR file and execute the QuerySet to get ResultSet
+    # Use the ResultSet returned to get numpy arrays of the data
+    # ==============================================================
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    logger.debug(f"Executing QuerySet to get ResultSet ...")
+    with bufr.File(DATA_PATH) as f:
+        r = f.execute(q)
+
+    logger.debug(" ... Executing QuerySet: get ObsType ...")
+    # ObsType
+    typ = r.get('observationType')
+
+    logger.debug(" ... Executing QuerySet: get MetaData ...")
+    # MetaData
+    sid = r.get('stationIdentification')
+    lat = r.get('latitude')
+    lon = r.get('longitude')
+    lon[lon > 180] -= 360
+    zob = r.get('heightOfStation', type='float')
+    pressure = r.get('pressure')
+    pressure *= 100
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: get QualityMarker information ...")
+    # Quality Information
+    pobqm = r.get('qualityMarkerStationPressure')
+    zobqm = r.get('qualityMarkerStationElevation')
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: get ObsValue ...")
+    # ObsValue
+    elv = r.get('stationElevation', type='float')
+    pob = r.get('stationPressure')
+    pob *= 100
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: get dateTime ...")
+    # DateTime: seconds since Epoch time
+    # IODA has no support for numpy datetime arrays dtype=datetime64[s]
+    dhr = r.get('obsTimeMinusCycleTime', type='int64')
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: Done!")
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: Check BUFR variable generic \
+                dimension and type ...")
+    # Check BUFR variable generic dimension and type
+    logger.debug(f"     typ       shape = {typ.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     sid       shape = {sid.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     dhr       shape = {dhr.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     lat       shape = {lat.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     lon       shape = {lon.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     zob       shape = {zob.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     pressure  shape = {pressure.shape}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     pobqm     shape = {pobqm.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     zobqm     shape = {zobqm.shape}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     elv       shape = {elv.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     pob       shape = {pob.shape}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     dhr       type  = {dhr.shape}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     sid       type  = {sid.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     dhr       type  = {dhr.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     lat       type  = {lat.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     lon       type  = {lon.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     zob       type  = {zob.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     typ       type  = {typ.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     pressure  type  = {pressure.dtype}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     pobqm     type  = {pobqm.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     zobqm     type  = {zobqm.dtype}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     elv       type  = {elv.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     pob       type  = {pob.dtype}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     dhr       type  = {dhr.dtype}")
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Running time for executing QuerySet to get ResultSet: \
+                {running_time} seconds")
+
+    # =========================
+    # Create derived variables
+    # =========================
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    logger.debug(f"Creating derived variables - dateTime ...")
+
+    cycleTimeSinceEpoch = np.int64(calendar.timegm(time.strptime(
+                                   reference_time_full, '%Y%m%d%H%M')))
+    dateTime = Compute_dateTime(cycleTimeSinceEpoch, dhr)
+
+    logger.debug(f"     Check derived variables type ... ")
+    logger.debug(f"     dateTime shape = {dateTime.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     dateTime type = {dateTime.dtype}")
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Running time for creating derived variables: \
+                {running_time} seconds")
+
+    # =====================================
+    # Create IODA ObsSpace
+    # Write IODA output
+    # =====================================
+
+    # Create the dimensions
+    dims = {'Location': np.arange(0, lat.shape[0])}
+
+    iodafile = f"{cycle_type}.t{hh}z.{data_type}.{data_format}.nc"
+    OUTPUT_PATH = os.path.join(ioda_dir, iodafile)
+    logger.debug(f" ... ... Create OUTPUT file: {OUTPUT_PATH}")
+
+    path, fname = os.path.split(OUTPUT_PATH)
+    if path and not os.path.exists(path):
+        os.makedirs(path)
+
+    obsspace = ioda_ospace.ObsSpace(OUTPUT_PATH, mode='w', dim_dict=dims)
+
+    # Create Global attributes
+    logger.debug(f" ... ... Create global attributes")
+
+    obsspace.write_attr('Converter', converter)
+    obsspace.write_attr('source', source)
+    obsspace.write_attr('sourceFiles', bufrfile)
+    obsspace.write_attr('dataProviderOrigin', data_provider)
+    obsspace.write_attr('description', data_description)
+    obsspace.write_attr('datetimeReference', reference_time)
+    obsspace.write_attr('datetimeRange',
+                        [str(min(dateTime)), str(max(dateTime))])
+    obsspace.write_attr('platformLongDescription', platform_description)
+
+    # Create IODA variables
+    logger.debug(f" ... ... Create variables: name, type, units, & attributes")
+
+    # Observation Type - Station Elevation
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/stationElevation', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Elevation Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # Observation Type - Station Pressure
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/stationPressure', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Pressure Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # Longitude
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/longitude', dtype=lon.dtype,
+                        fillval=lon.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'degrees_east') \
+        .write_attr('valid_range', np.array([-180, 180], dtype=np.float32)) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Longitude') \
+        .write_data(lon)
+
+    # Latitude
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/latitude', dtype=lat.dtype,
+                        fillval=lat.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'degrees_north') \
+        .write_attr('valid_range', np.array([-90, 90], dtype=np.float32)) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Latitude') \
+        .write_data(lat)
+
+    # Datetime
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/dateTime', dtype=dateTime.dtype,
+                        fillval=dateTime.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Datetime') \
+        .write_data(dateTime)
+
+    # Station Identification
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/stationIdentification', dtype=sid.dtype,
+                        fillval=sid.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Identification') \
+        .write_data(sid)
+
+    # Height Of Station
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/heightOfStation', dtype=zob.dtype,
+                        fillval=zob.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'm') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Height Of Station') \
+        .write_data(zob)
+
+    # Pressure
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/pressure', dtype=pressure.dtype,
+                        fillval=pressure.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'Pa') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Pressure') \
+        .write_data(pressure)
+
+    # QualityMarker - Station Elevation
+    obsspace.create_var('QualityMarker/stationElevation', dtype=zobqm.dtype,
+                        fillval=zobqm.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Elevation Quality Marker') \
+        .write_data(zobqm)
+
+    # QualityMarker - Station Pressure
+    obsspace.create_var('QualityMarker/stationPressure', dtype=pobqm.dtype,
+                        fillval=pobqm.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Pressure Quality Marker') \
+        .write_data(pobqm)
+
+    # Station Elevation
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/stationElevation', dtype=elv.dtype,
+                        fillval=elv.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'm') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Elevation') \
+        .write_data(elv)
+
+    # Station Pressure
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/stationPressure', dtype=pob.dtype,
+                        fillval=pob.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'Pa') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Pressure') \
+        .write_data(pob)
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Running time for splitting and output IODA: \
+                {running_time} seconds")
+
+    logger.debug("All Done!")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('-c', '--config', type=str,
+                        help='Input JSON configuration',
+                        required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose',
+                        help='print debug logging information',
+                        action='store_true')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    log_level = 'DEBUG' if args.verbose else 'INFO'
+    logger = Logger('bufr2ioda_adpsfc_prepbufr.py', level=log_level,
+                    colored_log=True)
+
+    with open(args.config, "r") as json_file:
+        config = json.load(json_file)
+
+    bufr_to_ioda(config, logger)
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Total running time: {running_time} seconds")
diff --git a/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_sfcshp_prepbufr.py b/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_sfcshp_prepbufr.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47207a3e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/bufr2ioda_sfcshp_prepbufr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# (C) Copyright 2023 NOAA/NWS/NCEP/EMC
+#
+# This software is licensed under the terms of the Apache Licence Version 2.0
+# which can be obtained at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+
+import sys
+import numpy as np
+import os
+import argparse
+import math
+import calendar
+import time
+from datetime import datetime
+import json
+from pyiodaconv import bufr
+from collections import namedtuple
+from pyioda import ioda_obs_space as ioda_ospace
+from wxflow import Logger
+
+
+def Compute_dateTime(cycleTimeSinceEpoch, dhr):
+
+    dhr = np.int64(dhr*3600)
+    dateTime = dhr + cycleTimeSinceEpoch
+
+    return dateTime
+
+
+def bufr_to_ioda(config, logger):
+
+    subsets = config["subsets"]
+    logger.debug(f"Checking subsets = {subsets}")
+
+    # Get parameters from configuration
+    data_format = config["data_format"]
+    source = config["source"]
+    data_type = config["data_type"]
+    data_description = config["data_description"]
+    data_provider = config["data_provider"]
+    cycle_type = config["cycle_type"]
+    cycle_datetime = config["cycle_datetime"]
+    dump_dir = config["dump_directory"]
+    ioda_dir = config["ioda_directory"]
+    cycle = config["cycle_datetime"]
+
+    # Get derived parameters
+    yyyymmdd = cycle[0:8]
+    hh = cycle[8:10]
+
+    reference_time = datetime.strptime(cycle, "%Y%m%d%H")
+    reference_time = reference_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+    reference_time_full = f"{yyyymmdd}{hh}00"
+
+    logger.debug(f"Reference time = {reference_time}")
+
+    # General informaton
+    converter = 'BUFR to IODA Converter'
+    platform_description = 'SFCSHP data from prepBUFR format'
+
+    bufrfile = f"{cycle_type}.t{hh}z.{data_format}"
+    DATA_PATH = os.path.join(dump_dir, f"{cycle_type}.{yyyymmdd}",
+                             str(hh), bufrfile)
+
+    logger.debug(f"The DATA_PATH is: {DATA_PATH}")
+
+    # ============================================
+    # Make the QuerySet for all the data we want
+    # ============================================
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    logger.debug("Making QuerySet ...")
+    q = bufr.QuerySet(subsets)
+
+    # ObsType
+    q.add('observationType', '*/TYP')
+
+    # MetaData
+    q.add('stationIdentification', '*/SID')
+    q.add('latitude', '*/YOB')
+    q.add('longitude', '*/XOB')
+    q.add('obsTimeMinusCycleTime', '*/DHR')
+    q.add('heightOfStation', '*/Z___INFO/Z__EVENT{1}/ZOB')
+    q.add('pressure', '*/P___INFO/P__EVENT{1}/POB')
+    q.add('temperatureEventCode', '*/T___INFO/T__EVENT{1}/TPC')
+
+#   # Quality Infomation (Quality Indicator)
+    q.add('qualityMarkerStationElevation', '*/Z___INFO/Z__EVENT{1}/ZQM')
+    q.add('qualityMarkerStationPressure', '*/P___INFO/P__EVENT{1}/PQM')
+    q.add('qualityMarkerAirTemperature', '*/T___INFO/T__EVENT{1}/TQM')
+    q.add('qualityMarkerSpecificHumidity', '*/Q___INFO/Q__EVENT{1}/QQM')
+    q.add('qualityMarkerWindNorthward', '*/W___INFO/W__EVENT{1}/WQM')
+    q.add('qualityMarkerSeaSurfaceTemperature', '*/SST_INFO/SSTEVENT{1}/SSTQM')
+
+    # ObsValue
+    q.add('stationElevation', '*/ELV')
+    q.add('stationPressure', '*/P___INFO/P__EVENT{1}/POB')
+    q.add('airTemperature', '*/T___INFO/T__EVENT{1}/TOB')
+    q.add('specificHumidity', '*/Q___INFO/Q__EVENT{1}/QOB')
+    q.add('windNorthward', '*/W___INFO/W__EVENT{1}/VOB')
+    q.add('windEastward', '*/W___INFO/W__EVENT{1}/UOB')
+    q.add('seaSurfaceTemperature', '*/SST_INFO/SSTEVENT{1}/SST1')
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Running time for making QuerySet: {running_time} seconds")
+
+    # ==============================================================
+    # Open the BUFR file and execute the QuerySet to get ResultSet
+    # Use the ResultSet returned to get numpy arrays of the data
+    # ==============================================================
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    logger.debug(f"Executing QuerySet to get ResultSet ...")
+    with bufr.File(DATA_PATH) as f:
+        r = f.execute(q)
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: get metadata: basic ...")
+    # ObsType
+    logger.debug(" ... Executing QuerySet: get ObsType ...")
+    typ = r.get('observationType')
+
+    # MetaData
+    logger.debug(" ... Executing QuerySet: MetaData ...")
+    sid = r.get('stationIdentification')
+    lat = r.get('latitude')
+    lon = r.get('longitude')
+    lon[lon > 180] -= 360
+    zob = r.get('heightOfStation', type='float')
+    pressure = r.get('pressure')
+    pressure *= 100
+    tpc = r.get('temperatureEventCode')
+
+    # Quality Information
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: QualityMarker ...")
+    zobqm = r.get('qualityMarkerStationElevation')
+    pobqm = r.get('qualityMarkerStationPressure')
+    tobqm = r.get('qualityMarkerAirTemperature')
+    tsenqm = np.full(tobqm.shape[0], tobqm.fill_value)
+    tsenqm = np.where(((tpc >= 1) & (tpc < 8)), tobqm, tsenqm)
+    tvoqm = np.full(tobqm.shape[0], tobqm.fill_value)
+    tvoqm = np.where((tpc == 8), tobqm, tvoqm)
+    qobqm = r.get('qualityMarkerSpecificHumidity')
+    wobqm = r.get('qualityMarkerWindNorthward')
+    sstqm = r.get('qualityMarkerSeaSurfaceTemperature')
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: ObsValue ...")
+    # ObsValue
+    elv = r.get('stationElevation', type='float')
+    pob = r.get('stationPressure')
+    pob *= 100
+    tob = r.get('airTemperature')
+    tob += 273.15
+    tsen = np.full(tob.shape[0], tob.fill_value)
+    tsen = np.where(((tpc >= 1) & (tpc < 8)), tob, tsen)
+    tvo = np.full(tob.shape[0], tob.fill_value)
+    tvo = np.where((tpc == 8), tob, tvo)
+    qob = r.get('specificHumidity', type='float')
+    qob *= 0.000001
+    uob = r.get('windEastward')
+    vob = r.get('windNorthward')
+    sst1 = r.get('seaSurfaceTemperature')
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: get datatime: observation time ...")
+    # DateTime: seconds since Epoch time
+    # IODA has no support for numpy datetime arrays dtype=datetime64[s]
+    dhr = r.get('obsTimeMinusCycleTime', type='int64')
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: Done!")
+
+    logger.debug(f" ... Executing QuerySet: Check BUFR variable generic \
+                dimension and type ...")
+    # Check BUFR variable generic dimension and type
+    logger.debug(f"     typ       shape = {typ.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     sid       shape = {sid.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     dhr       shape = {dhr.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     lat       shape = {lat.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     lon       shape = {lon.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     zob       shape = {zob.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     pressure  shape = {pressure.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tpc       shape = {tpc.shape}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     zobqm     shape = {zobqm.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     pobqm     shape = {pobqm.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tobqm     shape = {tobqm.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tsenqm    shape = {tsenqm.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tvoqm     shape = {tvoqm.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     qobqm     shape = {qobqm.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     wobqm     shape = {wobqm.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     sstqm     shape = {sstqm.shape}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     elv       shape = {elv.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     pob       shape = {pob.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tob       shape = {tob.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tsen      shape = {tsen.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tvo       shape = {tvo.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     qob       shape = {qob.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     uob       shape = {uob.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     vob       shape = {vob.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     sst1      shape = {sst1.shape}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     typ       type  = {typ.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     sid       type  = {sid.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     dhr       type  = {dhr.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     lat       type  = {lat.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     lon       type  = {lon.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     zob       type  = {zob.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     pressure  type  = {pressure.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tpc       type  = {tpc.dtype}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     pobqm     type  = {pobqm.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tobqm     type  = {tobqm.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tsenqm    type  = {tsenqm.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tvoqm     type  = {tvoqm.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     qobqm     type  = {qobqm.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     wobqm     type  = {wobqm.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     sstqm     type  = {sstqm.dtype}")
+
+    logger.debug(f"     elv       type  = {elv.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     pob       type  = {pob.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tob       type  = {tob.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tsen      type  = {tsen.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     tvo       type  = {tvo.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     qob       type  = {qob.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     uob       type  = {uob.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     vob       type  = {vob.dtype}")
+    logger.debug(f"     sst1      type  = {sst1.dtype}")
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Running time for executing QuerySet to get ResultSet: \
+                {running_time} seconds")
+
+    # =========================
+    # Create derived variables
+    # =========================
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    logger.debug(f"Creating derived variables - dateTime ...")
+
+    cycleTimeSinceEpoch = np.int64(calendar.timegm(time.strptime(
+                                   reference_time_full, '%Y%m%d%H%M')))
+    dateTime = Compute_dateTime(cycleTimeSinceEpoch, dhr)
+
+    logger.debug(f"     Check derived variables type ... ")
+    logger.debug(f"     dateTime shape = {dateTime.shape}")
+    logger.debug(f"     dateTime type = {dateTime.dtype}")
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Running time for creating derived variables: {running_time} \
+                 seconds")
+
+    # =====================================
+    # Create IODA ObsSpace
+    # Write IODA output
+    # =====================================
+
+    # Create the dimensions
+    dims = {'Location': np.arange(0, lat.shape[0])}
+
+    iodafile = f"{cycle_type}.t{hh}z.{data_type}.{data_format}.nc"
+    OUTPUT_PATH = os.path.join(ioda_dir, iodafile)
+    logger.debug(f" ... ... Create OUTPUT file: {OUTPUT_PATH}")
+
+    path, fname = os.path.split(OUTPUT_PATH)
+    if path and not os.path.exists(path):
+        os.makedirs(path)
+
+    obsspace = ioda_ospace.ObsSpace(OUTPUT_PATH, mode='w', dim_dict=dims)
+
+    # Create Global attributes
+    logger.debug(f" ... ... Create global attributes")
+
+    obsspace.write_attr('Converter', converter)
+    obsspace.write_attr('source', source)
+    obsspace.write_attr('sourceFiles', bufrfile)
+    obsspace.write_attr('dataProviderOrigin', data_provider)
+    obsspace.write_attr('description', data_description)
+    obsspace.write_attr('datetimeReference', reference_time)
+    obsspace.write_attr('datetimeRange',
+                        [str(min(dateTime)), str(max(dateTime))])
+    obsspace.write_attr('platformLongDescription', platform_description)
+
+    # Create IODA variables
+    logger.debug(f" ... ... Create variables: name, type, units, & attributes")
+
+    # ObsType: stationElevation
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/stationElevation', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Elevation Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # ObsType: stationPressure
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/stationPressure', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Pressure Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # ObsType: air Temperature
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/airTemperature', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Air Temperature Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # ObsType: virtual Temperature
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/virtualTemperature', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Virtual Temperature Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # ObsType: Specific Humidity
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/specificHumidity', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Specific Humidity Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # ObsType: wind Eastward
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/windEastward', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Wind Eastward Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # ObsType: wind Northward
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/windNorthward', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Wind Northward Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # ObsType: Sea Surface Temperature
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsType/seaSurfaceTemperature', dtype=typ.dtype,
+                        fillval=typ.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Sea Surface Temperature Observation Type') \
+        .write_data(typ)
+
+    # Longitude
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/longitude', dtype=lon.dtype,
+                        fillval=lon.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'degrees_east') \
+        .write_attr('valid_range', np.array([-180, 180], dtype=np.float32)) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Longitude') \
+        .write_data(lon)
+
+    # Latitude
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/latitude', dtype=lat.dtype,
+                        fillval=lat.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'degrees_north') \
+        .write_attr('valid_range', np.array([-90, 90], dtype=np.float32)) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Latitude') \
+        .write_data(lat)
+
+    # Datetime
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/dateTime', dtype=dateTime.dtype,
+                        fillval=dateTime.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Datetime') \
+        .write_data(dateTime)
+
+    # Station Identification
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/stationIdentification', dtype=sid.dtype,
+                        fillval=sid.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Identification') \
+        .write_data(sid)
+
+    # Station Elevation
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/heightOfStation', dtype=zob.dtype,
+                        fillval=zob.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'm') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Height Of Station') \
+        .write_data(zob)
+
+    # Pressure
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/pressure', dtype=pressure.dtype,
+                        fillval=pressure.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'Pa') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Pressure') \
+        .write_data(pressure)
+
+    # Temperature Event Code
+    obsspace.create_var('MetaData/temperatureEventCode', dtype=tpc.dtype,
+                        fillval=tpc.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Temperature Event Code') \
+        .write_data(tpc)
+
+    # Quality Marker: Station Pressure
+    obsspace.create_var('QualityMarker/stationPressure', dtype=pobqm.dtype,
+                        fillval=pobqm.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Pressure Quality Marker') \
+        .write_data(pobqm)
+
+    # Quality Marker: Air Temperature
+    obsspace.create_var('QualityMarker/airTemperature', dtype=tobqm.dtype,
+                        fillval=tobqm.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Air Temperature Quality Marker') \
+        .write_data(tsenqm)
+
+    # Quality Marker: Virtual Temperature
+    obsspace.create_var('QualityMarker/virtualTemperature', dtype=tobqm.dtype,
+                        fillval=tobqm.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Virtual Temperature Quality Marker') \
+        .write_data(tvoqm)
+
+    # Quality Marker: Specific Humidity
+    obsspace.create_var('QualityMarker/specificHumidity', dtype=qobqm.dtype,
+                        fillval=qobqm.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Specific Humidity Quality Marker') \
+        .write_data(qobqm)
+
+    # Quality Marker: Eastward Wind
+    obsspace.create_var('QualityMarker/windEastward', dtype=wobqm.dtype,
+                        fillval=wobqm.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Eastward Wind Quality Marker') \
+        .write_data(wobqm)
+
+    # Quality Marker: Northward Wind
+    obsspace.create_var('QualityMarker/windNorthward', dtype=wobqm.dtype,
+                        fillval=wobqm.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Northward Wind Quality Marker') \
+        .write_data(wobqm)
+
+    # Quality Marker: Sea Surface Temperature
+    obsspace.create_var('QualityMarker/seaSurfaceTemperature',
+                        dtype=sstqm.dtype, fillval=sstqm.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Sea Surface Temperature Quality Marker') \
+        .write_data(sstqm)
+
+    # Station Elevation
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/stationElevation', dtype=elv.dtype,
+                        fillval=elv.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'm') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Elevation') \
+        .write_data(elv)
+
+    # Station Pressure
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/stationPressure', dtype=pob.dtype,
+                        fillval=pob.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'Pa') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Station Pressure') \
+        .write_data(pob)
+
+    # Air Temperature
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/airTemperature', dtype=tob.dtype,
+                        fillval=tob.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'K') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Air Temperature') \
+        .write_data(tsen)
+
+    # Virtual Temperature
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/virtualTemperature', dtype=tob.dtype,
+                        fillval=tob.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'K') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Virtual Temperature') \
+        .write_data(tvo)
+
+    # Specific Humidity
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/specificHumidity', dtype=qob.dtype,
+                        fillval=qob.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'kg kg-1') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Specific Humidity') \
+        .write_data(qob)
+
+    # Eastward Wind
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/windEastward', dtype=uob.dtype,
+                        fillval=uob.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'm s-1') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Eastward Wind') \
+        .write_data(uob)
+
+    # Northward Wind
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/windNorthward', dtype=vob.dtype,
+                        fillval=vob.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'm s-1') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Northward Wind') \
+        .write_data(vob)
+
+    # Sea Surface Temperature
+    obsspace.create_var('ObsValue/seaSurfaceTemperature', dtype=sst1.dtype,
+                        fillval=sst1.fill_value) \
+        .write_attr('units', 'K') \
+        .write_attr('long_name', 'Sea Surface Temperature') \
+        .write_data(sst1)
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Running time for splitting and output IODA: \
+                {running_time} seconds")
+
+    logger.debug("All Done!")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('-c', '--config', type=str,
+                        help='Input JSON configuration',
+                        required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose',
+                        help='print debug logging information',
+                        action='store_true')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    log_level = 'DEBUG' if args.verbose else 'INFO'
+    logger = Logger('bufr2ioda_sfcshp_prepbufr.py', level=log_level,
+                    colored_log=True)
+
+    with open(args.config, "r") as json_file:
+        config = json.load(json_file)
+
+    bufr_to_ioda(config, logger)
+
+    end_time = time.time()
+    running_time = end_time - start_time
+    logger.debug(f"Total running time: {running_time} seconds")
diff --git a/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/run_bufr2ioda.py b/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/run_bufr2ioda.py
index d7a7bb130..da01dd131 100755
--- a/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/run_bufr2ioda.py
+++ b/ush/ioda/bufr2ioda/run_bufr2ioda.py
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ def bufr2ioda(current_cycle, RUN, DMPDIR, config_template_dir, COM_OBS):
     }
 
     # Specify observation types to be processed by a script
-    BUFR_py = ["satwind_amv_goes", "satwind_scat", "adpupa_prepbufr"]
+
+    BUFR_py = ["satwind_amv_goes", "satwind_scat", "adpupa_prepbufr", "adpsfc_prepbufr", "sfcshp_prepbufr"]
 
     for obtype in BUFR_py:
         logger.info(f"Convert {obtype}...")
diff --git a/ush/soca/soca_vrfy.py b/ush/soca/soca_vrfy.py
index 0f6c5b654..0741e9d28 100755
--- a/ush/soca/soca_vrfy.py
+++ b/ush/soca/soca_vrfy.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def plotConfig(grid_file=[],
                lat=np.nan,
                lats=np.arange(-60, 60, 10),
                lon=np.nan,
-               lons=np.arange(-280, 80, 10),
+               lons=np.arange(-280, 80, 30),
                proj='set me',
                projs=['Global']):
 
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ def plotConfig(grid_file=[],
     config['bounds'] = bounds
     config['lats'] = lats  # all the lats to plot
     config['lat'] = lat  # the lat being currently plotted
-    config['lons'] = lons
-    config['lon'] = lon
+    config['lons'] = lons  # all the lons to plot
+    config['lon'] = lon  # the lon being currently plotted
     config['max depths'] = max_depths  # all the max depths to plot
     config['max depth'] = max_depth  # the max depth currently plotted
     config['horiz variables'] = variables_horiz  # all the vars for horiz plots
@@ -159,13 +159,13 @@ def plotMeridionalSlice(config):
     lon = float(config['lon'])
     grid = xr.open_dataset(config['grid file'])
     data = xr.open_dataset(config['fields file'])
-    lon_index = np.argmin(np.array(np.abs(np.squeeze(grid.lon)[:, 0]-lon)))
-    slice_data = np.squeeze(np.array(data[config['variable']]))[:, lon_index, :]
-    depth = np.squeeze(np.array(grid['h']))[:, lon_index, :]
+    lon_index = np.argmin(np.array(np.abs(np.squeeze(grid.lon)[0, :]-lon)))
+    slice_data = np.squeeze(np.array(data[config['variable']]))[:, :, lon_index]
+    depth = np.squeeze(np.array(grid['h']))[:, :, lon_index]
     depth[np.where(np.abs(depth) > 10000.0)] = 0.0
     depth = np.cumsum(depth, axis=0)
     bounds = config['bounds']
-    y = np.tile(np.squeeze(grid.lon[:, lon_index]), (np.shape(depth)[0], 1))
+    y = np.tile(np.squeeze(grid.lat)[:, lon_index], (np.shape(depth)[0], 1))
     fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))
     plt.pcolormesh(y, -depth, slice_data,
                    vmin=bounds[0], vmax=bounds[1],
diff --git a/ush/ufoeval/run_ufo_hofx_test.sh b/ush/ufoeval/run_ufo_hofx_test.sh
index 85fed17cf..230966284 100755
--- a/ush/ufoeval/run_ufo_hofx_test.sh
+++ b/ush/ufoeval/run_ufo_hofx_test.sh
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ run_filtering=YES
 run_eva=YES
 eva_stats_only=NO
 keep_output=NO 
+window_shift=False
 
 while getopts "c:hsxq" opt; do
   case $opt in
@@ -99,13 +100,7 @@ if [ $run_filtering == NO ]; then
 else
    yamlpath=$GDASApp/parm/atm/obs/testing/${obtype}.yaml
 fi
-
-#exename=test_ObsFilters.x
-if [ $run_filtering == NO ]; then
-   exename=test_ObsOperator.x
-else
-   exename=test_ObsFilters.x
-fi
+exename=test_ObsFilters.x
 
 #-------------- Do not modify below this line ----------------
 # paths that should only be changed by an expert user
@@ -183,11 +178,13 @@ export OPREFIX=gdas.t${cyc}z
 export APREFIX=gdas.t${cyc}z
 export GPREFIX=gdas.t${gcyc}z
 
+if [ $obtype == "conv_ps" ]; then window_shift=True; fi
 cat > $workdir/temp.yaml << EOF
 window begin: '{{ WINDOW_BEGIN | to_isotime }}'
 window end: '{{ WINDOW_END | to_isotime }}'
 observations:
 - !INC $yamlpath
+window shift: ${window_shift} 
 EOF
 $GDASApp/ush/genYAML --input $workdir/temp.yaml --output $workdir/${obtype}_${cycle}.yaml
 
diff --git a/ush/ufoeval/test_yamls.sh b/ush/ufoeval/test_yamls.sh
index 7e98d80e2..d46056bd8 100755
--- a/ush/ufoeval/test_yamls.sh
+++ b/ush/ufoeval/test_yamls.sh
@@ -13,10 +13,23 @@ if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
-for file in `ls ../../parm/atm/obs/testing/*yaml`; do
+# Process tests wiht QC
+for file in `find ../../parm/atm/obs/testing/*.yaml -type f -not -name "*noqc*"`; do
    basefile=${file##*/}
-   inst="${basefile%.*}"
-   ./run_ufo_hofx_test.sh -x $inst > $WORKDIR/$inst.log 2> $WORKDIR/$inst.err
+   obtype="${basefile%.*}"
+   ./run_ufo_hofx_test.sh -x $obtype > $WORKDIR/$obtype.log 2> $WORKDIR/$obtype.err
+   if [ $? == 0 ]; then
+     echo $basefile Passes \(yay!\)
+   else
+     echo $basefile Fails \(boo!\)
+   fi
+done
+
+# Process tests without QC (HofX + Observation error assignment)
+for file in `ls ../../parm/atm/obs/testing/*_noqc.yaml`; do
+   basefile=${file##*/}
+   obtype="${basefile%_noqc.*}"
+   ./run_ufo_hofx_test.sh -x -q $obtype > $WORKDIR/${obtype}_noqc.log 2> $WORKDIR/${obtype}_noqc.err
    if [ $? == 0 ]; then
      echo $basefile Passes \(yay!\)
    else
diff --git a/utils/obsproc/NetCDFToIodaConverter.h b/utils/obsproc/NetCDFToIodaConverter.h
index 4686ec804..6942c1c0c 100644
--- a/utils/obsproc/NetCDFToIodaConverter.h
+++ b/utils/obsproc/NetCDFToIodaConverter.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <iostream>
+#include <map>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -43,6 +44,9 @@ namespace gdasapp {
     Eigen::ArrayXXf intMetadata_;                  // Optional array of integer metadata
     std::vector<std::string> intMetadataName_;    // String descriptor of the integer metadata
 
+    // Optional global attributes
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> strGlobalAttr_;
+
     // Constructor
     explicit IodaVars(const int nobs = 0,
                       const std::vector<std::string> fmnames = {},
@@ -233,6 +237,14 @@ namespace gdasapp {
           ogrp.vars.createWithScales<int>("PreQC/"+variable_,
                                             {ogrp.vars["Location"]}, int_params);
 
+        // add input filenames to IODA file global attributes
+        ogrp.atts.add<std::string>("obs_source_files", inputFilenames_);
+
+        // add global attributes collected from the specific converter
+        for (const auto& globalAttr : iodaVars.strGlobalAttr_) {
+          ogrp.atts.add<std::string>(globalAttr.first , globalAttr.second);
+        }
+
         // Create the optional IODA integer metadata
         ioda::Variable tmpIntMeta;
         int count = 0;
@@ -254,7 +266,7 @@ namespace gdasapp {
         }
 
         // Write obs info to group
-        oops::Log::info() << "Writting ioda file" << std::endl;
+        oops::Log::info() << "Writing ioda file" << std::endl;
         iodaLon.writeWithEigenRegular(iodaVarsAll.longitude_);
         iodaLat.writeWithEigenRegular(iodaVarsAll.latitude_);
         iodaDatetime.writeWithEigenRegular(iodaVarsAll.datetime_);
diff --git a/utils/obsproc/Rads2Ioda.h b/utils/obsproc/Rads2Ioda.h
index a31953d2b..6a2368a2d 100644
--- a/utils/obsproc/Rads2Ioda.h
+++ b/utils/obsproc/Rads2Ioda.h
@@ -57,10 +57,31 @@ namespace gdasapp {
       ncFile.getVar("time_mjd").getVar(datetime);
       iodaVars.referenceDate_ = "seconds since 1858-11-17T00:00:00Z";
 
+      std::map<std::string, int> altimeterMap;
+      // TODO(All): This is incomplete, add missions to the list below
+      altimeterMap["SNTNL-3A"] = 1;
+      altimeterMap["SNTNL-3B"] = 2;
+      altimeterMap["JASON-1"] = 3;
+      altimeterMap["JASON-2"] = 4;
+      altimeterMap["JASON-3"] = 5;
+      altimeterMap["CRYOSAT2"] = 6;
+      altimeterMap["SARAL"] = 7;
+
       // Read optional integer metadata "mission"
       std::string mission_name;
       ncFile.getAtt("mission_name").getValues(mission_name);
-      int mission_index = altimeterMissions(mission_name);   // mission name mapped to integer
+      int mission_index = altimeterMap[mission_name];   // mission name mapped to integer
+
+      // convert mission map to string to add to global attributes
+      std::stringstream mapStr;
+      for (const auto& mapEntry : altimeterMap) {
+        mapStr << mapEntry.first << " = " << mapEntry.second << " ";
+      }
+      iodaVars.strGlobalAttr_["mission_index"] = mapStr.str();
+
+      std::string references;
+      ncFile.getAtt("references").getValues(references);
+      iodaVars.strGlobalAttr_["references"] = references;
 
       // Read optional integer metadata "pass" and "cycle"
       int pass[iodaVars.location_];  // NOLINT
@@ -96,18 +117,5 @@ namespace gdasapp {
       }
       return iodaVars;
     };
-    int altimeterMissions(std::string missionName) {
-      std::map<std::string, int> altimeterMap;
-      // TODO(All): This is incomplete, add missions to the list below
-      //            and add to global attribute
-      altimeterMap["SNTNL-3A"] = 1;
-      altimeterMap["SNTNL-3B"] = 2;
-      altimeterMap["JASON-1"] = 3;
-      altimeterMap["JASON-2"] = 4;
-      altimeterMap["JASON-3"] = 5;
-      altimeterMap["CRYOSAT2"] = 6;
-      altimeterMap["SARAL"] = 7;
-      return altimeterMap[missionName];
-    }
   };  // class Rads2Ioda
 }  // namespace gdasapp
diff --git a/utils/soca/gdas_ens_handler.h b/utils/soca/gdas_ens_handler.h
index 44e994a0b..5cf862651 100644
--- a/utils/soca/gdas_ens_handler.h
+++ b/utils/soca/gdas_ens_handler.h
@@ -104,6 +104,10 @@ namespace gdasapp {
       gdasapp_ens_utils::ensMoments(ensMembers, ensMean, ensStd, ensVariance);
       oops::Log::info() << "mean: " << ensMean << std::endl;
       oops::Log::info() << "std: " << ensStd << std::endl;
+      if ( fullConfig.has("ensemble mean output") ) {
+        const eckit::LocalConfiguration ensMeanOutputConfig(fullConfig, "ensemble mean output");
+        ensMean.write(ensMeanOutputConfig);
+      }
 
       // Remove mean from ensemble members
       for (size_t i = 0; i < postProcIncr.ensSize_; ++i) {
@@ -115,6 +119,7 @@ namespace gdasapp {
       eckit::LocalConfiguration stericVarChangeConfig;
       fullConfig.get("steric height", stericVarChangeConfig);
       oops::Log::info() << "steric config 0000: " << stericVarChangeConfig << std::endl;
+
       // Initialize trajectories
       const eckit::LocalConfiguration trajConfig(fullConfig, "trajectory");
       soca::State cycleTraj(geom, trajConfig);  // trajectory of the cycle
@@ -148,7 +153,7 @@ namespace gdasapp {
         soca::Increment incr = postProcIncr.appendLayer(ensMembers[i]);
 
         // Save total ssh
-        oops::Log::info() << "ssh ensemble memnber "  << i << std::endl;
+        oops::Log::info() << "ssh ensemble member "  << i << std::endl;
         soca::Increment ssh_tmp(geom, socaSshVar, postProcIncr.dt_);
         ssh_tmp = ensMembers[i];
         sshTotal.push_back(ssh_tmp);
@@ -186,14 +191,14 @@ namespace gdasapp {
 
         // Add the unbalanced ssh to the recentered perturbation
         // this assumes ssh_u is independent of the trajectory
-        oops::Log::info() << "&&&&& before adding ssh_u " << incr << std::endl;
+        oops::Log::debug() << "&&&&& before adding ssh_u " << incr << std::endl;
         atlas::FieldSet incrFs;
         incr.toFieldSet(incrFs);
         atlas::FieldSet sshNonStericFs;
         sshNonSteric[i].toFieldSet(sshNonStericFs);
         util::addFieldSets(incrFs, sshNonStericFs);
         incr.fromFieldSet(incrFs);
-        oops::Log::info() << "&&&&& after adding ssh_u " << incr << std::endl;
+        oops::Log::debug() << "&&&&& after adding ssh_u " << incr << std::endl;
 
         // Save final perturbation, used in the offline EnVAR
         result = postProcIncr.save(incr, i+1);
diff --git a/utils/soca/gdas_socahybridweights.h b/utils/soca/gdas_socahybridweights.h
index adf20188a..219450a8e 100644
--- a/utils/soca/gdas_socahybridweights.h
+++ b/utils/soca/gdas_socahybridweights.h
@@ -3,12 +3,17 @@
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "eckit/config/LocalConfiguration.h"
 
 #include "atlas/field.h"
+#include "atlas/util/Earth.h"
+#include "atlas/util/Geometry.h"
+#include "atlas/util/Point.h"
 
 #include "oops/base/PostProcessor.h"
+#include "oops/generic/gc99.h"
 #include "oops/mpi/mpi.h"
 #include "oops/runs/Application.h"
 #include "oops/util/DateTime.h"
@@ -20,6 +25,38 @@
 #include "soca/State/State.h"
 
 namespace gdasapp {
+  // Create a simple mask based on a Gaussian function
+  void gaussianMask(const soca::Geometry & geom, soca::Increment & gaussIncr,
+                    eckit::LocalConfiguration conf) {
+      // Get the 2D grid
+      std::vector<double> lats;
+      std::vector<double> lons;
+      bool halo = true;
+      geom.latlon(lats, lons, halo);
+
+      // Prepare fieldset from increment
+      atlas::FieldSet gaussIncrFs;
+      gaussIncr.toFieldSet(gaussIncrFs);
+
+      // Get the GC99 parameters from config
+      double amp = conf.getDouble("amplitude");
+      double scale = conf.getDouble("length scale");
+      const atlas::PointLonLat p0(conf.getDouble("lon"), conf.getDouble("lat"));
+
+      // Recompute weights
+      for (auto & field : gaussIncrFs) {
+        oops::Log::info() << "---------- Field name: " << field.name() << std::endl;
+        auto view = atlas::array::make_view<double, 2>(field);
+        for (int jnode = 0; jnode < field.shape(0); ++jnode) {
+          atlas::PointLonLat p1(lons[jnode], lats[jnode]);
+          double d = atlas::util::Earth::distance(p0, p1)/1000.0;
+          for (int jlevel = 0; jlevel < field.shape(1); ++jlevel) {
+            view(jnode, jlevel) += amp * oops::gc99(d/scale);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      gaussIncr.fromFieldSet(gaussIncrFs);
+  }
 
   class SocaHybridWeights : public oops::Application {
    public:
@@ -45,8 +82,7 @@ namespace gdasapp {
       socaVars += socaOcnVars;
 
       /// Read the background
-      // TODO(guillaume): Use the ice extent to set the weights ... no clue if this is
-      //       possible at this level
+      // TODO(guillaume): Use the ice extent to set the weights
       soca::State socaBkg(geom, socaVars, dt);
       const eckit::LocalConfiguration socaBkgConfig(fullConfig, "background");
       socaBkg.read(socaBkgConfig);
@@ -70,6 +106,17 @@ namespace gdasapp {
       /// Create fields of weights for the ocean
       soca::Increment socaOcnHW(geom, socaOcnVars, dt);
       socaOcnHW.ones();
+
+      /// Apply localized gaussians to the weights
+      eckit::LocalConfiguration localWeightsConfigs(fullConfig, "weights.ocean local weights");
+      std::vector<eckit::LocalConfiguration> localWeightsList =
+        localWeightsConfigs.getSubConfigurations();
+      for (auto & conf : localWeightsList) {
+        gaussianMask(geom, socaOcnHW, conf);
+        oops::Log::info() << "Local weights for socaOcnHW: " << std::endl << conf << std::endl;
+        oops::Log::info() << socaOcnHW << std::endl;
+      }
+
       socaOcnHW *= wOcean;
       oops::Log::info() << "socaOcnHW: " << std::endl << socaOcnHW << std::endl;
       socaOcnHW.write(socaHWOutConfig);