diff --git a/ssh-cipher/src/chacha20poly1305.rs b/ssh-cipher/src/chacha20poly1305.rs
index 2a4e8d7..7a75289 100644
--- a/ssh-cipher/src/chacha20poly1305.rs
+++ b/ssh-cipher/src/chacha20poly1305.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 //! OpenSSH variant of ChaCha20Poly1305: `chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com`
 //!
 //! Differences from ChaCha20Poly1305 as described in RFC8439:
-//!
-//! - Construction uses two separately keyed instances of ChaCha20: one for data, one for lengths
 //! - The input of Poly1305 is not padded
 //! - The lengths of ciphertext and AAD are not authenticated using Poly1305
 //!
@@ -14,47 +12,18 @@ use cipher::{KeyInit, KeyIvInit, StreamCipher, StreamCipherSeek};
 use poly1305::Poly1305;
 use subtle::ConstantTimeEq;
 
-const KEY_SIZE: usize = 32;
-
 pub(crate) struct ChaCha20Poly1305 {
     cipher: ChaCha20,
     mac: Poly1305,
 }
 
 impl ChaCha20Poly1305 {
-    /// Create a new [`ChaCha20Poly1305`] instance with a 64-byte key.
-    /// From [PROTOCOL.chacha20poly1305]:
-    ///
-    /// > The chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com cipher requires 512 bits of key
-    /// > material as output from the SSH key exchange. This forms two 256 bit
-    /// > keys (K_1 and K_2), used by two separate instances of chacha20.
-    /// > The first 256 bits constitute K_2 and the second 256 bits become
-    /// > K_1.
-    /// >
-    /// > The instance keyed by K_1 is a stream cipher that is used only
-    /// > to encrypt the 4 byte packet length field. The second instance,
-    /// > keyed by K_2, is used in conjunction with poly1305 to build an AEAD
-    /// > (Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data) that is used to encrypt
-    /// > and authenticate the entire packet.
+    /// Create a new [`ChaCha20Poly1305`] instance with a 32-byte key.
     ///
     /// [PROTOCOL.chacha20poly1305]: https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/src/usr.bin/ssh/PROTOCOL.chacha20poly1305?annotate=HEAD
     pub fn new(key: &[u8], nonce: &[u8]) -> Result<Self> {
-        #[allow(clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
-        if key.len() != KEY_SIZE * 2 {
-            return Err(Error::KeySize);
-        }
-
-        // TODO(tarcieri): support for using both keys
-        let (k_2, _k_1) = key.split_at(KEY_SIZE);
-        let key = Key::try_from(k_2).map_err(|_| Error::KeySize)?;
-
-        let nonce = if nonce.is_empty() {
-            // For key encryption
-            Nonce::default()
-        } else {
-            Nonce::try_from(nonce).map_err(|_| Error::IvSize)?
-        };
-
+        let key = Key::try_from(key).map_err(|_| Error::KeySize)?;
+        let nonce = Nonce::try_from(nonce).map_err(|_| Error::IvSize)?;
         let mut cipher = ChaCha20::new(&key, &nonce.into());
         let mut poly1305_key = poly1305::Key::default();
         cipher.apply_keystream(&mut poly1305_key);
diff --git a/ssh-cipher/src/lib.rs b/ssh-cipher/src/lib.rs
index 57d2df5..2437c03 100644
--- a/ssh-cipher/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ssh-cipher/src/lib.rs
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ impl Cipher {
             Self::Aes256Ctr => Some((32, 16)),
             Self::Aes128Gcm => Some((16, 12)),
             Self::Aes256Gcm => Some((32, 12)),
-            Self::ChaCha20Poly1305 => Some((64, 0)),
+            Self::ChaCha20Poly1305 => Some((32, 12)),
             Self::TDesCbc => Some((24, 8)),
         }
     }
diff --git a/ssh-key/src/kdf.rs b/ssh-key/src/kdf.rs
index 5396510..a7ddaa3 100644
--- a/ssh-key/src/kdf.rs
+++ b/ssh-key/src/kdf.rs
@@ -86,14 +86,43 @@ impl Kdf {
         cipher: Cipher,
         password: impl AsRef<[u8]>,
     ) -> Result<(Zeroizing<Vec<u8>>, Vec<u8>)> {
-        let (key_size, iv_size) = cipher.key_and_iv_size().ok_or(Error::Decrypted)?;
+        let (key_size, iv_size) = match cipher {
+            // Derive two ChaCha20Poly1305 keys, but only use the first.
+            // In the typical SSH protocol, the second key is used for length encryption.
+            //
+            // From `PROTOCOL.chacha20poly1305`:
+            //
+            // > The chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com cipher requires 512 bits of key
+            // > material as output from the SSH key exchange. This forms two 256 bit
+            // > keys (K_1 and K_2), used by two separate instances of chacha20.
+            // > The first 256 bits constitute K_2 and the second 256 bits become
+            // > K_1.
+            // >
+            // > The instance keyed by K_1 is a stream cipher that is used only
+            // > to encrypt the 4 byte packet length field. The second instance,
+            // > keyed by K_2, is used in conjunction with poly1305 to build an AEAD
+            // > (Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data) that is used to encrypt
+            // > and authenticate the entire packet.
+            Cipher::ChaCha20Poly1305 => (64, 0),
+            _ => cipher.key_and_iv_size().ok_or(Error::Decrypted)?,
+        };
+
         let okm_size = key_size
             .checked_add(iv_size)
             .ok_or(encoding::Error::Length)?;
 
         let mut okm = Zeroizing::new(vec![0u8; okm_size]);
         self.derive(password, &mut okm)?;
-        let iv = okm.split_off(key_size);
+        let mut iv = okm.split_off(key_size);
+
+        if cipher == Cipher::ChaCha20Poly1305 {
+            // Only use the first ChaCha20 key.
+            okm.truncate(32);
+
+            // Use an all-zero nonce (with a key derived from password + salt providing uniqueness)
+            iv.extend_from_slice(&cipher::Nonce::default());
+        }
+
         Ok((okm, iv))
     }