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| 説明 | +
+ In Lesson 8 we learned the Japanese expressions for "something" and "not...anything," 何か and 何も. As you must have noticed, these expressions are made up of the question word for things, 何, plus the particle か and も. Other expressions for "some" and "any" in Japanese follow this pattern, as shown below.
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+ A
+ どこかへ行きましたか。
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+ B
+ いいえ、どこへも行きませんでした。
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+ A
+ Did you go anywhere?
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+ B
+ No, I didn't go anywhere.
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+ A
+ だれかに会いましたか。
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+ いいえ、だれにも会いませんでした。
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+ A
+ Did you see anybody?
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+ No, I didn't see anybody.
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+ A
+ 何かしましたか。
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+ B
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+ いいえ、何もしませんでした。
+ + (を is not used.) +
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+ A
+ Did you do anything?
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+ B
+ No, I didn't do anything.
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| 英訳 | +
+ どこか = somewhere; anywhere + どこにも+negative = nowhere; not anywhere + |
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| 文型 | +
+ a. どこか～ + b. どこにも～{～ません/～ない} + |
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| 練習 | ++ + | +
| 本文 | +
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| 説明 | +
+ The particle で can be used to describe the means by which someone/something does something.
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+ はしでご飯を食べます。
+ We eat our meals with chopsticks.
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+ 日本語で話しましょう。
+ Let's talk in Japanese.
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+ バスで駅まで行きました。
+ I went to the station by bus.
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+ テレビで映画を見ました。
+ I saw a movie on TV.
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| 英訳 | +by; with; in; on | +
| 文型 | +Nで{V/S} | +
| 練習 | ++ + | +
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| 説明 | +
+ You can use the stem of a verb (the verb form that goes before ます) + たいです to describe your hope or aspiration.
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+ 今度の週末は、映画{を/が}見たいです。
+ I want to see a film this weekend.
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+ verb stem + たいです = I want to do... いつか中国に行きたいです。
+ I want to go to China someday.
+ + + As you can see in the first example above, a verb that usually takes the particle を can have either the particle を or が when it is followed by たい. Particles other than を remain the same, as in the second example, which has に. + + たい conjugates as an い-adjective. Here are some examples of negative and past tense たい sentences. +
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+ あの人には会いたくないです。
+ I don't want to see that person.
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+ お弁当が買いたかったから、コンビニに行きました。
+ I went to a convenience store, because I wanted to buy a boxed lunch.
+ + + If your wish is one you have held for some time, that is, if you "have wanted to," you can use たいと思っています instead of たいです. +
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+ 留学したいと思っています。
+ I've wanted to study abroad.
+ + + You usually do not use たいです to describe wishes held by others. Somebody else's wishes are usually reported in Japanese either as quotations, observations, or guesses. So if you want to say that somebody other than you wants to do something, you can use と言っていました with たい. +
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+ メアリーさんはチベットに行きたいと言っていました。
+ Mary said she wanted to go to Tibet.
+ + + To describe your observation to the effect that somebody wants to do something, you must use a special verb たがっている instead of たい. If a verb takes the particle を, the derived verb たがっている will retain を, unlike たい, with which we had a choice between the particles が and を. +
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+ The verb たがっている, which comes from the dictionary form たがる, indicates "I think that she wants to, because of the way she is behaving." See ほしい to learn more about this type of sentence.メアリーさんは着物を着たがっています。
+ (It seems) Mary wants to wear a kimono.
+ + + To summarize: +
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| 英訳 | +
+ ～たい = I want to...; Do you want to...? (when used in questions) + ～たがっている = He/She wants to... + |
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| 文型 | +
+ a. V-stem+たい + b. V-stem+たがっている + |
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| 例文 | +
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| 練習 | ++ + | +