Modifying_dataframes_part2.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "96eb8b76",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "9ee1ecbb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data_df = pd.read_csv(\"C:/Shankar/Datascience/Python/pandas/datasets/stack-overflow-developer-survey-2019/survey_results_public.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "d8b1f30f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "schema_df = pd.read_csv(\"C:/Shankar/Datascience/Python/pandas/datasets/stack-overflow-developer-survey-2019/survey_results_schema.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "8fc4268c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "people = {\n",
    "    \"first\": [\"shankar\",\"chetan\",\"chetan\"],\n",
    "    \"last\" : [\"pendse\", \"joshi\",\"gorkal\"],\n",
    "    \"email\" : [\"pshankar1306@gmail.com\", \"cjsh@gmail.com\", \"cg@gmail.com\"]\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "20669bc7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.DataFrame(people)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5eb7939e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## applymap: apply a function to every individual element in the dataframe.\n",
    "\n",
    "## applymap only works on dataframe, we can not use it on series object"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "c01d3543",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>last</th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   first  last  email\n",
       "0      7     6     22\n",
       "1      6     5     14\n",
       "2      6     6     12"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.applymap(len)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "3b1e6083",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "first    3\n",
       "last     3\n",
       "email    3\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.apply(len)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "72a896b7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>last</th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>shankar</td>\n",
       "      <td>pendse</td>\n",
       "      <td>pshankar1306@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     first    last                   email\n",
       "0  shankar  pendse  pshankar1306@gmail.com\n",
       "1   chetan   joshi          cjsh@gmail.com\n",
       "2   chetan  gorkal            cg@gmail.com"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.applymap(str.lower)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "04464676",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>last</th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>SHANKAR</td>\n",
       "      <td>PENDSE</td>\n",
       "      <td>PSHANKAR1306@GMAIL.COM</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>CHETAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>JOSHI</td>\n",
       "      <td>CJSH@GMAIL.COM</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>CHETAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>GORKAL</td>\n",
       "      <td>CG@GMAIL.COM</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     first    last                   email\n",
       "0  SHANKAR  PENDSE  PSHANKAR1306@GMAIL.COM\n",
       "1   CHETAN   JOSHI          CJSH@GMAIL.COM\n",
       "2   CHETAN  GORKAL            CG@GMAIL.COM"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.applymap(str.upper)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "43b644b2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>shankar</td>\n",
       "      <td>pendse</td>\n",
       "      <td>pshankar1306@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     first    last                   email\n",
       "0  shankar  pendse  pshankar1306@gmail.com\n",
       "1   chetan   joshi          cjsh@gmail.com\n",
       "2   chetan  gorkal            cg@gmail.com"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "143727b9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## map: only works on series object\n",
    "\n",
    "## map is used for substituting each value in a series with another value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "a6d2311c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    Kevin\n",
       "1      NaN\n",
       "2      NaN\n",
       "Name: first, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['first'].map({'shankar':'Kevin',\n",
    "                 'pendse':'woods'})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "f8f37974",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>shankar</td>\n",
       "      <td>pendse</td>\n",
       "      <td>pshankar1306@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     first    last                   email\n",
       "0  shankar  pendse  pshankar1306@gmail.com\n",
       "1   chetan   joshi          cjsh@gmail.com\n",
       "2   chetan  gorkal            cg@gmail.com"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "439cb0f2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     Kevin\n",
       "1    chetan\n",
       "2    chetan\n",
       "Name: first, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['first'].replace({'shankar':'Kevin',\n",
    "                 'pendse':'woods'})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "a1f464e2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>shankar</td>\n",
       "      <td>pendse</td>\n",
       "      <td>pshankar1306@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     first    last                   email\n",
       "0  shankar  pendse  pshankar1306@gmail.com\n",
       "1   chetan   joshi          cjsh@gmail.com\n",
       "2   chetan  gorkal            cg@gmail.com"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "e4455d5c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df['first'] = df['first'].replace({'shankar':'Kevin',\n",
    "                 'pendse':'woods'})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "687c1382",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Kevin</td>\n",
       "      <td>pendse</td>\n",
       "      <td>pshankar1306@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    first    last                   email\n",
       "0   Kevin  pendse  pshankar1306@gmail.com\n",
       "1  chetan   joshi          cjsh@gmail.com\n",
       "2  chetan  gorkal            cg@gmail.com"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "9d15456f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Respondent</th>\n",
       "      <th>MainBranch</th>\n",
       "      <th>Hobbyist</th>\n",
       "      <th>OpenSourcer</th>\n",
       "      <th>OpenSource</th>\n",
       "      <th>Employment</th>\n",
       "      <th>Country</th>\n",
       "      <th>Student</th>\n",
       "      <th>EdLevel</th>\n",
       "      <th>UndergradMajor</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>WelcomeChange</th>\n",
       "      <th>SONewContent</th>\n",
       "      <th>Age</th>\n",
       "      <th>Gender</th>\n",
       "      <th>Trans</th>\n",
       "      <th>Sexuality</th>\n",
       "      <th>Ethnicity</th>\n",
       "      <th>Dependents</th>\n",
       "      <th>SurveyLength</th>\n",
       "      <th>SurveyEase</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>I am a student who is learning to code</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not employed, and not looking for work</td>\n",
       "      <td>United Kingdom</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Primary/elementary school</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neither easy nor difficult</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>I am a student who is learning to code</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per year</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not employed, but looking for work</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neither easy nor difficult</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
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       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Thailand</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Web development or web design</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neither easy nor difficult</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>I am a developer by profession</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>United States</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>White or of European descent</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Easy</td>\n",
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       "      <th>4</th>\n",
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       "      <td>I am a developer by profession</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Once a month or more often</td>\n",
       "      <td>OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ukraine</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
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       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Easy</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>5 rows × 85 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
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       "   Respondent                                         MainBranch Hobbyist  \\\n",
       "0           1             I am a student who is learning to code      Yes   \n",
       "1           2             I am a student who is learning to code       No   \n",
       "2           3  I am not primarily a developer, but I write co...      Yes   \n",
       "3           4                     I am a developer by profession       No   \n",
       "4           5                     I am a developer by profession      Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                  OpenSourcer  \\\n",
       "0                       Never   \n",
       "1     Less than once per year   \n",
       "2                       Never   \n",
       "3                       Never   \n",
       "4  Once a month or more often   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                          OpenSource  \\\n",
       "0  The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "1  The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "2  The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "3  The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "4  OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                               Employment                 Country  \\\n",
       "0  Not employed, and not looking for work          United Kingdom   \n",
       "1      Not employed, but looking for work  Bosnia and Herzegovina   \n",
       "2                      Employed full-time                Thailand   \n",
       "3                      Employed full-time           United States   \n",
       "4                      Employed full-time                 Ukraine   \n",
       "\n",
       "          Student                                            EdLevel  \\\n",
       "0              No                          Primary/elementary school   \n",
       "1  Yes, full-time  Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...   \n",
       "2              No           Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "3              No           Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "4              No           Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      UndergradMajor  ...  \\\n",
       "0                                                NaN  ...   \n",
       "1                                                NaN  ...   \n",
       "2                      Web development or web design  ...   \n",
       "3  Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...  ...   \n",
       "4  Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...  ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                             WelcomeChange  \\\n",
       "0  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "1  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "2  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "3  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "4  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                        SONewContent   Age Gender Trans  \\\n",
       "0  Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  14.0    Man    No   \n",
       "1  Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  19.0    Man    No   \n",
       "2  Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...  28.0    Man    No   \n",
       "3  Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  22.0    Man    No   \n",
       "4  Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...  30.0    Man    No   \n",
       "\n",
       "                 Sexuality                                 Ethnicity  \\\n",
       "0  Straight / Heterosexual                                       NaN   \n",
       "1  Straight / Heterosexual                                       NaN   \n",
       "2  Straight / Heterosexual                                       NaN   \n",
       "3  Straight / Heterosexual              White or of European descent   \n",
       "4  Straight / Heterosexual  White or of European descent;Multiracial   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Dependents           SurveyLength                  SurveyEase  \n",
       "0         No  Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "1         No  Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "2        Yes  Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "3         No  Appropriate in length                        Easy  \n",
       "4         No  Appropriate in length                        Easy  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 85 columns]"
      ]
     },
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    "data_df.set_index('Respondent', inplace = True)"
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  {
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   "id": "ce3b3d03",
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       "      <td>Primary/elementary school</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
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       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not employed, but looking for work</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taken an online course in programming or softw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>United States</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taken an online course in programming or softw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
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       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "                                                   MainBranch Hobbyist  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                               \n",
       "1                      I am a student who is learning to code      Yes   \n",
       "2                      I am a student who is learning to code       No   \n",
       "3           I am not primarily a developer, but I write co...      Yes   \n",
       "4                              I am a developer by profession       No   \n",
       "5                              I am a developer by profession      Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           OpenSourcer  \\\n",
       "Respondent                               \n",
       "1                                Never   \n",
       "2              Less than once per year   \n",
       "3                                Never   \n",
       "4                                Never   \n",
       "5           Once a month or more often   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                   OpenSource  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "2           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "3           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "4           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "5           OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                        Employment                 Country  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                   \n",
       "1           Not employed, and not looking for work          United Kingdom   \n",
       "2               Not employed, but looking for work  Bosnia and Herzegovina   \n",
       "3                               Employed full-time                Thailand   \n",
       "4                               Employed full-time           United States   \n",
       "5                               Employed full-time                 Ukraine   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   Student                                            EdLevel  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                      \n",
       "1                       No                          Primary/elementary school   \n",
       "2           Yes, full-time  Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...   \n",
       "3                       No           Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "4                       No           Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "5                       No           Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               UndergradMajor  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN   \n",
       "3                               Web development or web design   \n",
       "4           Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...   \n",
       "5           Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                     EduOther  ...  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                     ...   \n",
       "1           Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...  ...   \n",
       "2           Taken an online course in programming or softw...  ...   \n",
       "3           Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...  ...   \n",
       "4           Taken an online course in programming or softw...  ...   \n",
       "5           Taken an online course in programming or softw...  ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      WelcomeChange  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                            \n",
       "1           Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "2           Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "3           Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "4           Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "5           Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                 SONewContent   Age Gender  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                   \n",
       "1           Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  14.0    Man   \n",
       "2           Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  19.0    Man   \n",
       "3           Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...  28.0    Man   \n",
       "4           Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  22.0    Man   \n",
       "5           Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...  30.0    Man   \n",
       "\n",
       "           Trans                Sexuality  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                  \n",
       "1             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "2             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "3             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "4             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "5             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                           Ethnicity Dependents  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                        \n",
       "1                                                NaN         No   \n",
       "2                                                NaN         No   \n",
       "3                                                NaN        Yes   \n",
       "4                       White or of European descent         No   \n",
       "5           White or of European descent;Multiracial         No   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     SurveyLength                  SurveyEase  \n",
       "Respondent                                                     \n",
       "1           Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "2           Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "3           Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "4           Appropriate in length                        Easy  \n",
       "5           Appropriate in length                        Easy  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 84 columns]"
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       "      <th>MainBranch</th>\n",
       "      <th>Hobbyist</th>\n",
       "      <th>OpenSourcer</th>\n",
       "      <th>OpenSource</th>\n",
       "      <th>Employment</th>\n",
       "      <th>Country</th>\n",
       "      <th>Student</th>\n",
       "      <th>EdLevel</th>\n",
       "      <th>UndergradMajor</th>\n",
       "      <th>EduOther</th>\n",
       "      <th>OrgSize</th>\n",
       "      <th>DevType</th>\n",
       "      <th>YearsCode</th>\n",
       "      <th>Age1stCode</th>\n",
       "      <th>YearsCodePro</th>\n",
       "      <th>CareerSat</th>\n",
       "      <th>JobSat</th>\n",
       "      <th>MgrIdiot</th>\n",
       "      <th>MgrMoney</th>\n",
       "      <th>MgrWant</th>\n",
       "      <th>JobSeek</th>\n",
       "      <th>LastHireDate</th>\n",
       "      <th>LastInt</th>\n",
       "      <th>FizzBuzz</th>\n",
       "      <th>JobFactors</th>\n",
       "      <th>ResumeUpdate</th>\n",
       "      <th>CurrencySymbol</th>\n",
       "      <th>CurrencyDesc</th>\n",
       "      <th>CompTotal</th>\n",
       "      <th>CompFreq</th>\n",
       "      <th>SalaryUSD</th>\n",
       "      <th>WorkWeekHrs</th>\n",
       "      <th>WorkPlan</th>\n",
       "      <th>WorkChallenge</th>\n",
       "      <th>WorkRemote</th>\n",
       "      <th>WorkLoc</th>\n",
       "      <th>ImpSyn</th>\n",
       "      <th>CodeRev</th>\n",
       "      <th>CodeRevHrs</th>\n",
       "      <th>UnitTests</th>\n",
       "      <th>PurchaseHow</th>\n",
       "      <th>PurchaseWhat</th>\n",
       "      <th>LanguageWorkedWith</th>\n",
       "      <th>LanguageDesireNextYear</th>\n",
       "      <th>DatabaseWorkedWith</th>\n",
       "      <th>DatabaseDesireNextYear</th>\n",
       "      <th>PlatformWorkedWith</th>\n",
       "      <th>PlatformDesireNextYear</th>\n",
       "      <th>WebFrameWorkedWith</th>\n",
       "      <th>WebFrameDesireNextYear</th>\n",
       "      <th>MiscTechWorkedWith</th>\n",
       "      <th>MiscTechDesireNextYear</th>\n",
       "      <th>DevEnviron</th>\n",
       "      <th>OpSys</th>\n",
       "      <th>Containers</th>\n",
       "      <th>BlockchainOrg</th>\n",
       "      <th>BlockchainIs</th>\n",
       "      <th>BetterLife</th>\n",
       "      <th>ITperson</th>\n",
       "      <th>OffOn</th>\n",
       "      <th>SocialMedia</th>\n",
       "      <th>Extraversion</th>\n",
       "      <th>ScreenName</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOVisit1st</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOVisitFreq</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOVisitTo</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOFindAnswer</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOTimeSaved</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOHowMuchTime</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOAccount</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOPartFreq</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOJobs</th>\n",
       "      <th>EntTeams</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOComm</th>\n",
       "      <th>WelcomeChange</th>\n",
       "      <th>SONewContent</th>\n",
       "      <th>Age</th>\n",
       "      <th>Gender</th>\n",
       "      <th>Trans</th>\n",
       "      <th>Sexuality</th>\n",
       "      <th>Ethnicity</th>\n",
       "      <th>Dependents</th>\n",
       "      <th>SurveyLength</th>\n",
       "      <th>SurveyEase</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Respondent</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am a student who is learning to code</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not employed, and not looking for work</td>\n",
       "      <td>United Kingdom</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Primary/elementary school</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python</td>\n",
       "      <td>C;C++;C#;Go;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>MySQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>MacOS;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Android;Arduino;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django;Flask</td>\n",
       "      <td>Flask;jQuery</td>\n",
       "      <td>Node.js</td>\n",
       "      <td>Node.js</td>\n",
       "      <td>IntelliJ;Notepad++;PyCharm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>I do not use containers</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fortunately, someone else has that title</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Twitter</td>\n",
       "      <td>Online</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per month or weekly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3-5 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was much faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>31-60 minutes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a jo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, and I don't know what those are</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neutral</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neither easy nor difficult</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am a student who is learning to code</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per year</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not employed, but looking for work</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taken an online course in programming or softw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>I am actively looking for a job</td>\n",
       "      <td>I've never had a job</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Financial performance or funding status of the...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Something else changed (education, award, medi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>C++;HTML/CSS;Python</td>\n",
       "      <td>C++;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MySQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Atom;PyCharm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>I do not use containers</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Useful across many domains and could change ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Instagram</td>\n",
       "      <td>Online</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>Daily or almost daily</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3-5 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was much faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>11-30 minutes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per month or weekly</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, and I don't know what those are</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, somewhat</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neither easy nor difficult</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am not primarily a developer, but I write co...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Thailand</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Web development or web design</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>100 to 499 employees</td>\n",
       "      <td>Designer;Developer, back-end;Developer, front-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Slightly satisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Slightly satisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not at all confident</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1-2 years ago</td>\n",
       "      <td>Interview with people in peer roles</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>I was preparing for a job search</td>\n",
       "      <td>THB</td>\n",
       "      <td>Thai baht</td>\n",
       "      <td>23000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Monthly</td>\n",
       "      <td>8820.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Distracting work environment;Inadequate access...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per month / Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home</td>\n",
       "      <td>Average</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, but I think we should</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>I have little or no influence</td>\n",
       "      <td>HTML/CSS</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elixir;HTML/CSS</td>\n",
       "      <td>PostgreSQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>PostgreSQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Other(s):</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vim;Visual Studio Code</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux-based</td>\n",
       "      <td>I do not use containers</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reddit</td>\n",
       "      <td>In real life (in person)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6-10 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>They were about the same</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per month or monthly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neutral</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neither easy nor difficult</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am a developer by profession</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>United States</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taken an online course in programming or softw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>100 to 499 employees</td>\n",
       "      <td>Developer, full-stack</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than 1 year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Very satisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Slightly satisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Very confident</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>I am not interested in new job opportunities</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than a year ago</td>\n",
       "      <td>Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Int...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>I was preparing for a job search</td>\n",
       "      <td>USD</td>\n",
       "      <td>United States dollar</td>\n",
       "      <td>61000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yearly</td>\n",
       "      <td>61000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per month / Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home</td>\n",
       "      <td>A little below average</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, but I think we should</td>\n",
       "      <td>Developers typically have the most influence o...</td>\n",
       "      <td>I have little or no influence</td>\n",
       "      <td>C;C++;C#;Python;SQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>C;C#;JavaScript;SQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>MySQL;SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>MySQL;SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>.NET</td>\n",
       "      <td>.NET</td>\n",
       "      <td>Eclipse;Vim;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>I do not use containers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not at all</td>\n",
       "      <td>Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>SIGH</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reddit</td>\n",
       "      <td>In real life (in person)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>Daily or almost daily</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Pass the ti...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1-2 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was much faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>31-60 minutes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per month or monthly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, and I don't know what those are</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, not really</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>White or of European descent</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Easy</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am a developer by profession</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Once a month or more often</td>\n",
       "      <td>OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ukraine</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taken an online course in programming or softw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10,000 or more employees</td>\n",
       "      <td>Academic researcher;Developer, desktop or ente...</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Very dissatisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Slightly dissatisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Somewhat confident</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>I am not interested in new job opportunities</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than a year ago</td>\n",
       "      <td>Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Industry that I'd be working in;Languages, fra...</td>\n",
       "      <td>I was preparing for a job search</td>\n",
       "      <td>UAH</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ukrainian hryvnia</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Being tasked with non-development work;Inadequ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few days each month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Office</td>\n",
       "      <td>A little above average</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, because I see value in code review</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, it's part of our process</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>I have little or no influence</td>\n",
       "      <td>C++;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL;VBA</td>\n",
       "      <td>HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;SQL;WebAssembly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Couchbase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;PostgreSQL;SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>Couchbase;Firebase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;Postgr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Android;Linux;MacOS;Slack;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Android;Docker;Kubernetes;Linux;Slack</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django;Express;Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cordova;Node.js</td>\n",
       "      <td>Apache Spark;Hadoop;Node.js;React Native</td>\n",
       "      <td>IntelliJ;Notepad++;Vim</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux-based</td>\n",
       "      <td>Outside of work, for personal projects</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not at all</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Also Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Facebook</td>\n",
       "      <td>In real life (in person)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>I don't remember</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multiple times per day</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions</td>\n",
       "      <td>More than 10 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was much faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per month or weekly</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, definitely</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>White or of European descent;Multiracial</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Easy</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>88377</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once a month but more than once per ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not employed, and not looking for work</td>\n",
       "      <td>Canada</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Primary/elementary school</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>HTML/CSS;JavaScript;Other(s):</td>\n",
       "      <td>C++;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL;WebAssembly;Other(s):</td>\n",
       "      <td>Firebase;SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>Firebase;MySQL;SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux</td>\n",
       "      <td>Google Cloud Platform;Linux</td>\n",
       "      <td>jQuery</td>\n",
       "      <td>jQuery;Vue.js</td>\n",
       "      <td>Node.js</td>\n",
       "      <td>React Native;Unity 3D;Unreal Engine</td>\n",
       "      <td>Atom;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>I do not use containers</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Useful across many domains and could change ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>What?</td>\n",
       "      <td>YouTube</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>I don't remember</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3-5 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was slightly faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>11-30 minutes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>I have never participated in Q&amp;A on Stack Over...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, not at all</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Tech...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Easy</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>88601</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>88802</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>88816</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Independent contractor, freelancer, or self-em...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>88863</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per year</td>\n",
       "      <td>OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not employed, and not looking for work</td>\n",
       "      <td>Spain</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Professional degree (JD, MD, etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taken an online course in programming or softw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bash/Shell/PowerShell;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript...</td>\n",
       "      <td>C;C++;C#;HTML/CSS;Java;Objective-C;SQL;Swift</td>\n",
       "      <td>DynamoDB;MariaDB;Microsoft SQL Server;MySQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>MariaDB;MySQL;Oracle;SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>iOS;Linux;MacOS;WordPress</td>\n",
       "      <td>Android;AWS;Google Cloud Platform;IBM Cloud or...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django;jQuery;React.js</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unity 3D;Unreal Engine</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Android Studio;Atom;Eclipse;NetBeans;Notepad++...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux-based</td>\n",
       "      <td>Production</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Also Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>WhatsApp</td>\n",
       "      <td>In real life (in person)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
       "      <td>Daily or almost daily</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6-10 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was much faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>11-30 minutes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per month or weekly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, somewhat</td>\n",
       "      <td>Somewhat less welcome now than last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hispanic or Latino/Latina;White or of European...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Easy</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>88883 rows × 84 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                   MainBranch Hobbyist  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                               \n",
       "1                      I am a student who is learning to code      Yes   \n",
       "2                      I am a student who is learning to code       No   \n",
       "3           I am not primarily a developer, but I write co...      Yes   \n",
       "4                              I am a developer by profession       No   \n",
       "5                              I am a developer by profession      Yes   \n",
       "...                                                       ...      ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN      Yes   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN       No   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN       No   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN       No   \n",
       "88863                                                     NaN      Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                  OpenSourcer  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                       Never   \n",
       "2                                     Less than once per year   \n",
       "3                                                       Never   \n",
       "4                                                       Never   \n",
       "5                                  Once a month or more often   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377       Less than once a month but more than once per ...   \n",
       "88601                                                   Never   \n",
       "88802                                                   Never   \n",
       "88816                                                   Never   \n",
       "88863                                 Less than once per year   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                   OpenSource  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "2           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "3           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "4           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "5           OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377       The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "88601       The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816       OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...   \n",
       "88863       OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                   Employment  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                      Not employed, and not looking for work   \n",
       "2                          Not employed, but looking for work   \n",
       "3                                          Employed full-time   \n",
       "4                                          Employed full-time   \n",
       "5                                          Employed full-time   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                  Not employed, and not looking for work   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                      Employed full-time   \n",
       "88816       Independent contractor, freelancer, or self-em...   \n",
       "88863                  Not employed, and not looking for work   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           Country         Student  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                           \n",
       "1                   United Kingdom              No   \n",
       "2           Bosnia and Herzegovina  Yes, full-time   \n",
       "3                         Thailand              No   \n",
       "4                    United States              No   \n",
       "5                          Ukraine              No   \n",
       "...                            ...             ...   \n",
       "88377                       Canada              No   \n",
       "88601                          NaN             NaN   \n",
       "88802                          NaN             NaN   \n",
       "88816                          NaN             NaN   \n",
       "88863                        Spain  Yes, full-time   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                      EdLevel  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                   Primary/elementary school   \n",
       "2           Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...   \n",
       "3                    Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "4                    Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "5                    Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                               Primary/elementary school   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                      Professional degree (JD, MD, etc.)   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               UndergradMajor  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN   \n",
       "3                               Web development or web design   \n",
       "4           Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...   \n",
       "5           Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863       Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                     EduOther  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1           Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...   \n",
       "2           Taken an online course in programming or softw...   \n",
       "3           Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...   \n",
       "4           Taken an online course in programming or softw...   \n",
       "5           Taken an online course in programming or softw...   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377       Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863       Taken an online course in programming or softw...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                             OrgSize  \\\n",
       "Respondent                             \n",
       "1                                NaN   \n",
       "2                                NaN   \n",
       "3               100 to 499 employees   \n",
       "4               100 to 499 employees   \n",
       "5           10,000 or more employees   \n",
       "...                              ...   \n",
       "88377                            NaN   \n",
       "88601                            NaN   \n",
       "88802                            NaN   \n",
       "88816                            NaN   \n",
       "88863                            NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                      DevType YearsCode  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                \n",
       "1                                                         NaN         4   \n",
       "2           Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;...       NaN   \n",
       "3           Designer;Developer, back-end;Developer, front-...         3   \n",
       "4                                       Developer, full-stack         3   \n",
       "5           Academic researcher;Developer, desktop or ente...        16   \n",
       "...                                                       ...       ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88863                                                     NaN         8   \n",
       "\n",
       "           Age1stCode      YearsCodePro           CareerSat  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                    \n",
       "1                  10               NaN                 NaN   \n",
       "2                  17               NaN                 NaN   \n",
       "3                  22                 1  Slightly satisfied   \n",
       "4                  16  Less than 1 year      Very satisfied   \n",
       "5                  14                 9   Very dissatisfied   \n",
       "...               ...               ...                 ...   \n",
       "88377             NaN               NaN                 NaN   \n",
       "88601             NaN               NaN                 NaN   \n",
       "88802             NaN               NaN                 NaN   \n",
       "88816             NaN               NaN                 NaN   \n",
       "88863              11                 3                 NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           JobSat              MgrIdiot  MgrMoney   MgrWant  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                    \n",
       "1                             NaN                   NaN       NaN       NaN   \n",
       "2                             NaN                   NaN       NaN       NaN   \n",
       "3              Slightly satisfied  Not at all confident  Not sure  Not sure   \n",
       "4              Slightly satisfied        Very confident        No  Not sure   \n",
       "5           Slightly dissatisfied    Somewhat confident       Yes        No   \n",
       "...                           ...                   ...       ...       ...   \n",
       "88377                         NaN                   NaN       NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88601                         NaN                   NaN       NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88802                         NaN                   NaN       NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88816                         NaN                   NaN       NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88863                         NaN                   NaN       NaN       NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                      JobSeek  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                             I am actively looking for a job   \n",
       "3           I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new...   \n",
       "4                I am not interested in new job opportunities   \n",
       "5                I am not interested in new job opportunities   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                                                     NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    LastHireDate  \\\n",
       "Respondent                         \n",
       "1                            NaN   \n",
       "2           I've never had a job   \n",
       "3                  1-2 years ago   \n",
       "4           Less than a year ago   \n",
       "5           Less than a year ago   \n",
       "...                          ...   \n",
       "88377                        NaN   \n",
       "88601                        NaN   \n",
       "88802                        NaN   \n",
       "88816                        NaN   \n",
       "88863                        NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                      LastInt FizzBuzz  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                               \n",
       "1                                                         NaN      NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN      NaN   \n",
       "3                         Interview with people in peer roles       No   \n",
       "4           Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Int...       No   \n",
       "5           Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a ...       No   \n",
       "...                                                       ...      ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN      NaN   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN      NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN      NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN      NaN   \n",
       "88863                                                     NaN      NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                   JobFactors  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2           Financial performance or funding status of the...   \n",
       "3           Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...   \n",
       "4           Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...   \n",
       "5           Industry that I'd be working in;Languages, fra...   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                                                     NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                 ResumeUpdate CurrencySymbol  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                     \n",
       "1                                                         NaN            NaN   \n",
       "2           Something else changed (education, award, medi...            NaN   \n",
       "3                            I was preparing for a job search            THB   \n",
       "4                            I was preparing for a job search            USD   \n",
       "5                            I was preparing for a job search            UAH   \n",
       "...                                                       ...            ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN            NaN   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN            NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN            NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN            NaN   \n",
       "88863                                                     NaN            NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    CurrencyDesc  CompTotal CompFreq  SalaryUSD  WorkWeekHrs  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                     \n",
       "1                            NaN        NaN      NaN        NaN          NaN   \n",
       "2                            NaN        NaN      NaN        NaN          NaN   \n",
       "3                      Thai baht    23000.0  Monthly     8820.0         40.0   \n",
       "4           United States dollar    61000.0   Yearly    61000.0         80.0   \n",
       "5              Ukrainian hryvnia        NaN      NaN        NaN         55.0   \n",
       "...                          ...        ...      ...        ...          ...   \n",
       "88377                        NaN        NaN      NaN        NaN          NaN   \n",
       "88601                        NaN        NaN      NaN        NaN          NaN   \n",
       "88802                        NaN        NaN      NaN        NaN          NaN   \n",
       "88816                        NaN        NaN      NaN        NaN          NaN   \n",
       "88863                        NaN        NaN      NaN        NaN          NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                     WorkPlan  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN   \n",
       "3           There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...   \n",
       "4           There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...   \n",
       "5           There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or...   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                                                     NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                WorkChallenge  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN   \n",
       "3           Distracting work environment;Inadequate access...   \n",
       "4                                                         NaN   \n",
       "5           Being tasked with non-development work;Inadequ...   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                                                     NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                  WorkRemote WorkLoc                  ImpSyn  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                     \n",
       "1                                        NaN     NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "2                                        NaN     NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "3           Less than once per month / Never    Home                 Average   \n",
       "4           Less than once per month / Never    Home  A little below average   \n",
       "5                      A few days each month  Office  A little above average   \n",
       "...                                      ...     ...                     ...   \n",
       "88377                                    NaN     NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "88601                                    NaN     NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                    NaN     NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                    NaN     NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                                    NaN     NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            CodeRev  CodeRevHrs  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                        \n",
       "1                                               NaN         NaN   \n",
       "2                                               NaN         NaN   \n",
       "3                                                No         NaN   \n",
       "4                                                No         NaN   \n",
       "5           Yes, because I see value in code review         NaN   \n",
       "...                                             ...         ...   \n",
       "88377                                           NaN         NaN   \n",
       "88601                                           NaN         NaN   \n",
       "88802                                           NaN         NaN   \n",
       "88816                                           NaN         NaN   \n",
       "88863                                           NaN         NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                UnitTests  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                  \n",
       "1                                     NaN   \n",
       "2                                     NaN   \n",
       "3               No, but I think we should   \n",
       "4               No, but I think we should   \n",
       "5           Yes, it's part of our process   \n",
       "...                                   ...   \n",
       "88377                                 NaN   \n",
       "88601                                 NaN   \n",
       "88802                                 NaN   \n",
       "88816                                 NaN   \n",
       "88863                                 NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                  PurchaseHow  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN   \n",
       "3                                                    Not sure   \n",
       "4           Developers typically have the most influence o...   \n",
       "5                                                    Not sure   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                                                     NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                             PurchaseWhat  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                  \n",
       "1                                     NaN   \n",
       "2                                     NaN   \n",
       "3           I have little or no influence   \n",
       "4           I have little or no influence   \n",
       "5           I have little or no influence   \n",
       "...                                   ...   \n",
       "88377                                 NaN   \n",
       "88601                                 NaN   \n",
       "88802                                 NaN   \n",
       "88816                                 NaN   \n",
       "88863                                 NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                           LanguageWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                             HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python   \n",
       "2                                         C++;HTML/CSS;Python   \n",
       "3                                                    HTML/CSS   \n",
       "4                                         C;C++;C#;Python;SQL   \n",
       "5                 C++;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL;VBA   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                           HTML/CSS;JavaScript;Other(s):   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863       Bash/Shell/PowerShell;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       LanguageDesireNextYear  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1             C;C++;C#;Go;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL   \n",
       "2                                 C++;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL   \n",
       "3                                             Elixir;HTML/CSS   \n",
       "4                                         C;C#;JavaScript;SQL   \n",
       "5                    HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;SQL;WebAssembly   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377       C++;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL;WebAssembly;Other(s):   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863            C;C++;C#;HTML/CSS;Java;Objective-C;SQL;Swift   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                          DatabaseWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                     \n",
       "1                                                     SQLite   \n",
       "2                                                        NaN   \n",
       "3                                                 PostgreSQL   \n",
       "4                                               MySQL;SQLite   \n",
       "5           Couchbase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;PostgreSQL;SQLite   \n",
       "...                                                      ...   \n",
       "88377                                        Firebase;SQLite   \n",
       "88601                                                    NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                    NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                    NaN   \n",
       "88863            DynamoDB;MariaDB;Microsoft SQL Server;MySQL   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       DatabaseDesireNextYear  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                       MySQL   \n",
       "2                                                       MySQL   \n",
       "3                                                  PostgreSQL   \n",
       "4                                                MySQL;SQLite   \n",
       "5           Couchbase;Firebase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;Postgr...   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                                   Firebase;MySQL;SQLite   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                             MariaDB;MySQL;Oracle;SQLite   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           PlatformWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                      \n",
       "1                               MacOS;Windows   \n",
       "2                                     Windows   \n",
       "3                                         NaN   \n",
       "4                               Linux;Windows   \n",
       "5           Android;Linux;MacOS;Slack;Windows   \n",
       "...                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                                   Linux   \n",
       "88601                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863               iOS;Linux;MacOS;WordPress   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       PlatformDesireNextYear  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                     Android;Arduino;Windows   \n",
       "2                                                     Windows   \n",
       "3                                                         NaN   \n",
       "4                                               Linux;Windows   \n",
       "5                       Android;Docker;Kubernetes;Linux;Slack   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377                             Google Cloud Platform;Linux   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863       Android;AWS;Google Cloud Platform;IBM Cloud or...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                     WebFrameWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                \n",
       "1                                          Django;Flask   \n",
       "2                                                Django   \n",
       "3                                                   NaN   \n",
       "4                                                   NaN   \n",
       "5           Django;Express;Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring   \n",
       "...                                                 ...   \n",
       "88377                                            jQuery   \n",
       "88601                                               NaN   \n",
       "88802                                               NaN   \n",
       "88816                                               NaN   \n",
       "88863                            Django;jQuery;React.js   \n",
       "\n",
       "                  WebFrameDesireNextYear      MiscTechWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                         \n",
       "1                           Flask;jQuery                 Node.js   \n",
       "2                                 Django                     NaN   \n",
       "3                              Other(s):                     NaN   \n",
       "4                                    NaN                    .NET   \n",
       "5           Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring         Cordova;Node.js   \n",
       "...                                  ...                     ...   \n",
       "88377                      jQuery;Vue.js                 Node.js   \n",
       "88601                                NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                             Django  Unity 3D;Unreal Engine   \n",
       "\n",
       "                              MiscTechDesireNextYear  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                             \n",
       "1                                            Node.js   \n",
       "2                                                NaN   \n",
       "3                                                NaN   \n",
       "4                                               .NET   \n",
       "5           Apache Spark;Hadoop;Node.js;React Native   \n",
       "...                                              ...   \n",
       "88377            React Native;Unity 3D;Unreal Engine   \n",
       "88601                                            NaN   \n",
       "88802                                            NaN   \n",
       "88816                                            NaN   \n",
       "88863                                            NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                   DevEnviron        OpSys  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                   \n",
       "1                                  IntelliJ;Notepad++;PyCharm      Windows   \n",
       "2                                                Atom;PyCharm      Windows   \n",
       "3                                      Vim;Visual Studio Code  Linux-based   \n",
       "4                Eclipse;Vim;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code      Windows   \n",
       "5                                      IntelliJ;Notepad++;Vim  Linux-based   \n",
       "...                                                       ...          ...   \n",
       "88377                   Atom;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code      Windows   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN          NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN          NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN          NaN   \n",
       "88863       Android Studio;Atom;Eclipse;NetBeans;Notepad++...  Linux-based   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                        Containers BlockchainOrg  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                         \n",
       "1                          I do not use containers           NaN   \n",
       "2                          I do not use containers           NaN   \n",
       "3                          I do not use containers           NaN   \n",
       "4                          I do not use containers    Not at all   \n",
       "5           Outside of work, for personal projects    Not at all   \n",
       "...                                            ...           ...   \n",
       "88377                      I do not use containers           NaN   \n",
       "88601                                          NaN           NaN   \n",
       "88802                                          NaN           NaN   \n",
       "88816                                          NaN           NaN   \n",
       "88863                                   Production           NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                 BlockchainIs BetterLife  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                 \n",
       "1                                                         NaN        Yes   \n",
       "2           Useful across many domains and could change ma...        Yes   \n",
       "3                                                         NaN        Yes   \n",
       "4           Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin)        Yes   \n",
       "5                                                         NaN        Yes   \n",
       "...                                                       ...        ...   \n",
       "88377       Useful across many domains and could change ma...        Yes   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN        NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN        NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN        NaN   \n",
       "88863       Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin)        Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            ITperson  OffOn SocialMedia  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                \n",
       "1           Fortunately, someone else has that title    Yes     Twitter   \n",
       "2                                                Yes    Yes   Instagram   \n",
       "3                                                Yes    Yes      Reddit   \n",
       "4                                               SIGH    Yes      Reddit   \n",
       "5                                           Also Yes    Yes    Facebook   \n",
       "...                                              ...    ...         ...   \n",
       "88377                                            Yes  What?     YouTube   \n",
       "88601                                            NaN    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "88802                                            NaN    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "88816                                            NaN    NaN         NaN   \n",
       "88863                                       Also Yes    Yes    WhatsApp   \n",
       "\n",
       "                        Extraversion ScreenName        SOVisit1st  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                          \n",
       "1                             Online   Username              2017   \n",
       "2                             Online   Username              2017   \n",
       "3           In real life (in person)   Username              2011   \n",
       "4           In real life (in person)   Username              2014   \n",
       "5           In real life (in person)   Username  I don't remember   \n",
       "...                              ...        ...               ...   \n",
       "88377                            NaN   Username  I don't remember   \n",
       "88601                            NaN        NaN               NaN   \n",
       "88802                            NaN        NaN               NaN   \n",
       "88816                            NaN        NaN               NaN   \n",
       "88863       In real life (in person)        NaN              2012   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                SOVisitFreq  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                    \n",
       "1           A few times per month or weekly   \n",
       "2                     Daily or almost daily   \n",
       "3                      A few times per week   \n",
       "4                     Daily or almost daily   \n",
       "5                    Multiple times per day   \n",
       "...                                     ...   \n",
       "88377                  A few times per week   \n",
       "88601                                   NaN   \n",
       "88802                                   NaN   \n",
       "88816                                   NaN   \n",
       "88863                 Daily or almost daily   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                    SOVisitTo  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1           Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...   \n",
       "2           Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...   \n",
       "3           Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...   \n",
       "4           Find answers to specific questions;Pass the ti...   \n",
       "5                          Find answers to specific questions   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377       Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863       Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           SOFindAnswer                         SOTimeSaved  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                    \n",
       "1                    3-5 times per week      Stack Overflow was much faster   \n",
       "2                    3-5 times per week      Stack Overflow was much faster   \n",
       "3                   6-10 times per week            They were about the same   \n",
       "4                    1-2 times per week      Stack Overflow was much faster   \n",
       "5           More than 10 times per week      Stack Overflow was much faster   \n",
       "...                                 ...                                 ...   \n",
       "88377                3-5 times per week  Stack Overflow was slightly faster   \n",
       "88601                               NaN                                 NaN   \n",
       "88802                               NaN                                 NaN   \n",
       "88816                               NaN                                 NaN   \n",
       "88863               6-10 times per week      Stack Overflow was much faster   \n",
       "\n",
       "            SOHowMuchTime SOAccount  \\\n",
       "Respondent                            \n",
       "1           31-60 minutes        No   \n",
       "2           11-30 minutes       Yes   \n",
       "3                     NaN       Yes   \n",
       "4           31-60 minutes       Yes   \n",
       "5                     NaN       Yes   \n",
       "...                   ...       ...   \n",
       "88377       11-30 minutes       Yes   \n",
       "88601                 NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88802                 NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88816                 NaN       NaN   \n",
       "88863       11-30 minutes       Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                   SOPartFreq  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                             A few times per month or weekly   \n",
       "3                         Less than once per month or monthly   \n",
       "4                         Less than once per month or monthly   \n",
       "5                             A few times per month or weekly   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377       I have never participated in Q&A on Stack Over...   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                         A few times per month or weekly   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                       SOJobs  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1           No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a jo...   \n",
       "2           No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...   \n",
       "3                                                         Yes   \n",
       "4                                                         Yes   \n",
       "5           No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377       No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863                                                     Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                     EntTeams  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                         No, and I don't know what those are   \n",
       "2                         No, and I don't know what those are   \n",
       "3           No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...   \n",
       "4                         No, and I don't know what those are   \n",
       "5           No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   \n",
       "88377       No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   \n",
       "88863       No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     SOComm                             WelcomeChange  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                              \n",
       "1                   Neutral   Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "2             Yes, somewhat   Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "3                   Neutral   Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "4            No, not really   Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "5           Yes, definitely   Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "...                     ...                                       ...   \n",
       "88377        No, not at all                                       NaN   \n",
       "88601                   NaN                                       NaN   \n",
       "88802                   NaN                                       NaN   \n",
       "88816                   NaN                                       NaN   \n",
       "88863         Yes, somewhat  Somewhat less welcome now than last year   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                 SONewContent   Age Gender  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                   \n",
       "1           Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  14.0    Man   \n",
       "2           Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  19.0    Man   \n",
       "3           Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...  28.0    Man   \n",
       "4           Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  22.0    Man   \n",
       "5           Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...  30.0    Man   \n",
       "...                                                       ...   ...    ...   \n",
       "88377       Tech articles written by other developers;Tech...   NaN    Man   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN   NaN    NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN   NaN    NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN   NaN    NaN   \n",
       "88863       Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  18.0    Man   \n",
       "\n",
       "           Trans                Sexuality  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                  \n",
       "1             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "2             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "3             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "4             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "5             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "...          ...                      ...   \n",
       "88377         No                      NaN   \n",
       "88601        NaN                      NaN   \n",
       "88802        NaN                      NaN   \n",
       "88816        NaN                      NaN   \n",
       "88863         No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                    Ethnicity Dependents  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                 \n",
       "1                                                         NaN         No   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN         No   \n",
       "3                                                         NaN        Yes   \n",
       "4                                White or of European descent         No   \n",
       "5                    White or of European descent;Multiracial         No   \n",
       "...                                                       ...        ...   \n",
       "88377                                                     NaN         No   \n",
       "88601                                                     NaN        NaN   \n",
       "88802                                                     NaN        NaN   \n",
       "88816                                                     NaN        NaN   \n",
       "88863       Hispanic or Latino/Latina;White or of European...         No   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     SurveyLength                  SurveyEase  \n",
       "Respondent                                                     \n",
       "1           Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "2           Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "3           Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "4           Appropriate in length                        Easy  \n",
       "5           Appropriate in length                        Easy  \n",
       "...                           ...                         ...  \n",
       "88377       Appropriate in length                        Easy  \n",
       "88601                         NaN                         NaN  \n",
       "88802                         NaN                         NaN  \n",
       "88816                         NaN                         NaN  \n",
       "88863       Appropriate in length                        Easy  \n",
       "\n",
       "[88883 rows x 84 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data_df.rename(columns = {'ConvertedComp':'SalaryUSD'})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "44ca9bc9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data_df.rename(columns = {'ConvertedComp':'SalaryUSD'}, inplace = True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "1a5e1917",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Respondent\n",
       "1            NaN\n",
       "2            NaN\n",
       "3         8820.0\n",
       "4        61000.0\n",
       "5            NaN\n",
       "          ...   \n",
       "88377        NaN\n",
       "88601        NaN\n",
       "88802        NaN\n",
       "88816        NaN\n",
       "88863        NaN\n",
       "Name: SalaryUSD, Length: 88883, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data_df['SalaryUSD']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "bfc4f1b7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Respondent\n",
       "1        Yes\n",
       "2         No\n",
       "3        Yes\n",
       "4         No\n",
       "5        Yes\n",
       "        ... \n",
       "88377    Yes\n",
       "88601     No\n",
       "88802     No\n",
       "88816     No\n",
       "88863    Yes\n",
       "Name: Hobbyist, Length: 88883, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data_df['Hobbyist']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "d1964a8b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Respondent\n",
       "1         True\n",
       "2        False\n",
       "3         True\n",
       "4        False\n",
       "5         True\n",
       "         ...  \n",
       "88377     True\n",
       "88601    False\n",
       "88802    False\n",
       "88816    False\n",
       "88863     True\n",
       "Name: Hobbyist, Length: 88883, dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## convert yes to True and No to False\n",
    "\n",
    "data_df['Hobbyist'].map({'Yes': True, 'No':False})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "6b5cacda",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data_df['Hobbyist'] = data_df['Hobbyist'].map({'Yes': True, 'No':False})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6864b68d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## if there are any other values other than yes and no, those will be replaced with NaN values\n",
    "\n",
    "## if we do not want to have NaN values for the ones that are not specified, we can make use of replace"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "ff1cf34f",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>MgrMoney</th>\n",
       "      <th>MgrWant</th>\n",
       "      <th>JobSeek</th>\n",
       "      <th>LastHireDate</th>\n",
       "      <th>LastInt</th>\n",
       "      <th>FizzBuzz</th>\n",
       "      <th>JobFactors</th>\n",
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       "      <th>CurrencySymbol</th>\n",
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       "      <th>PurchaseHow</th>\n",
       "      <th>PurchaseWhat</th>\n",
       "      <th>LanguageWorkedWith</th>\n",
       "      <th>LanguageDesireNextYear</th>\n",
       "      <th>DatabaseWorkedWith</th>\n",
       "      <th>DatabaseDesireNextYear</th>\n",
       "      <th>PlatformWorkedWith</th>\n",
       "      <th>PlatformDesireNextYear</th>\n",
       "      <th>WebFrameWorkedWith</th>\n",
       "      <th>WebFrameDesireNextYear</th>\n",
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       "      <th>DevEnviron</th>\n",
       "      <th>OpSys</th>\n",
       "      <th>Containers</th>\n",
       "      <th>BlockchainOrg</th>\n",
       "      <th>BlockchainIs</th>\n",
       "      <th>BetterLife</th>\n",
       "      <th>ITperson</th>\n",
       "      <th>OffOn</th>\n",
       "      <th>SocialMedia</th>\n",
       "      <th>Extraversion</th>\n",
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       "      <th>SOVisit1st</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOVisitFreq</th>\n",
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       "      <th>SOTimeSaved</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOHowMuchTime</th>\n",
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       "      <th>SOPartFreq</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOJobs</th>\n",
       "      <th>EntTeams</th>\n",
       "      <th>SOComm</th>\n",
       "      <th>WelcomeChange</th>\n",
       "      <th>SONewContent</th>\n",
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       "      <th>Dependents</th>\n",
       "      <th>SurveyLength</th>\n",
       "      <th>SurveyEase</th>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am a student who is learning to code</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not employed, and not looking for work</td>\n",
       "      <td>United Kingdom</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Primary/elementary school</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python</td>\n",
       "      <td>C;C++;C#;Go;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>MySQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>MacOS;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Android;Arduino;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django;Flask</td>\n",
       "      <td>Flask;jQuery</td>\n",
       "      <td>Node.js</td>\n",
       "      <td>Node.js</td>\n",
       "      <td>IntelliJ;Notepad++;PyCharm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>I do not use containers</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fortunately, someone else has that title</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Twitter</td>\n",
       "      <td>Online</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per month or weekly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3-5 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was much faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>31-60 minutes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a jo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, and I don't know what those are</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neutral</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neither easy nor difficult</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am a student who is learning to code</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per year</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not employed, but looking for work</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taken an online course in programming or softw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>I am actively looking for a job</td>\n",
       "      <td>I've never had a job</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Financial performance or funding status of the...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Something else changed (education, award, medi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>C++;HTML/CSS;Python</td>\n",
       "      <td>C++;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MySQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Atom;PyCharm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>I do not use containers</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Useful across many domains and could change ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Instagram</td>\n",
       "      <td>Online</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>Daily or almost daily</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3-5 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was much faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>11-30 minutes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per month or weekly</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, and I don't know what those are</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, somewhat</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neither easy nor difficult</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am not primarily a developer, but I write co...</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Thailand</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Web development or web design</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>100 to 499 employees</td>\n",
       "      <td>Designer;Developer, back-end;Developer, front-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Slightly satisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Slightly satisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not at all confident</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1-2 years ago</td>\n",
       "      <td>Interview with people in peer roles</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>I was preparing for a job search</td>\n",
       "      <td>THB</td>\n",
       "      <td>Thai baht</td>\n",
       "      <td>23000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Monthly</td>\n",
       "      <td>8820.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Distracting work environment;Inadequate access...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per month / Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home</td>\n",
       "      <td>Average</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, but I think we should</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>I have little or no influence</td>\n",
       "      <td>HTML/CSS</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elixir;HTML/CSS</td>\n",
       "      <td>PostgreSQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>PostgreSQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Other(s):</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vim;Visual Studio Code</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux-based</td>\n",
       "      <td>I do not use containers</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reddit</td>\n",
       "      <td>In real life (in person)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6-10 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>They were about the same</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per month or monthly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neutral</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Neither easy nor difficult</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am a developer by profession</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>The quality of OSS and closed source software ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>United States</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taken an online course in programming or softw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>100 to 499 employees</td>\n",
       "      <td>Developer, full-stack</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than 1 year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Very satisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Slightly satisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Very confident</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>I am not interested in new job opportunities</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than a year ago</td>\n",
       "      <td>Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Int...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>I was preparing for a job search</td>\n",
       "      <td>USD</td>\n",
       "      <td>United States dollar</td>\n",
       "      <td>61000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yearly</td>\n",
       "      <td>61000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per month / Never</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home</td>\n",
       "      <td>A little below average</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, but I think we should</td>\n",
       "      <td>Developers typically have the most influence o...</td>\n",
       "      <td>I have little or no influence</td>\n",
       "      <td>C;C++;C#;Python;SQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>C;C#;JavaScript;SQL</td>\n",
       "      <td>MySQL;SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>MySQL;SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>.NET</td>\n",
       "      <td>.NET</td>\n",
       "      <td>Eclipse;Vim;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code</td>\n",
       "      <td>Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>I do not use containers</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not at all</td>\n",
       "      <td>Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>SIGH</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reddit</td>\n",
       "      <td>In real life (in person)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>Daily or almost daily</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions;Pass the ti...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1-2 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was much faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>31-60 minutes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than once per month or monthly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, and I don't know what those are</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, not really</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>White or of European descent</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Easy</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>I am a developer by profession</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>Once a month or more often</td>\n",
       "      <td>OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Employed full-time</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ukraine</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Taken an online course in programming or softw...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10,000 or more employees</td>\n",
       "      <td>Academic researcher;Developer, desktop or ente...</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Very dissatisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Slightly dissatisfied</td>\n",
       "      <td>Somewhat confident</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>I am not interested in new job opportunities</td>\n",
       "      <td>Less than a year ago</td>\n",
       "      <td>Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Industry that I'd be working in;Languages, fra...</td>\n",
       "      <td>I was preparing for a job search</td>\n",
       "      <td>UAH</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ukrainian hryvnia</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Being tasked with non-development work;Inadequ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few days each month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Office</td>\n",
       "      <td>A little above average</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, because I see value in code review</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, it's part of our process</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not sure</td>\n",
       "      <td>I have little or no influence</td>\n",
       "      <td>C++;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL;VBA</td>\n",
       "      <td>HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;SQL;WebAssembly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Couchbase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;PostgreSQL;SQLite</td>\n",
       "      <td>Couchbase;Firebase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;Postgr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Android;Linux;MacOS;Slack;Windows</td>\n",
       "      <td>Android;Docker;Kubernetes;Linux;Slack</td>\n",
       "      <td>Django;Express;Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cordova;Node.js</td>\n",
       "      <td>Apache Spark;Hadoop;Node.js;React Native</td>\n",
       "      <td>IntelliJ;Notepad++;Vim</td>\n",
       "      <td>Linux-based</td>\n",
       "      <td>Outside of work, for personal projects</td>\n",
       "      <td>Not at all</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Also Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Facebook</td>\n",
       "      <td>In real life (in person)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Username</td>\n",
       "      <td>I don't remember</td>\n",
       "      <td>Multiple times per day</td>\n",
       "      <td>Find answers to specific questions</td>\n",
       "      <td>More than 10 times per week</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stack Overflow was much faster</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>A few times per month or weekly</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes, definitely</td>\n",
       "      <td>Just as welcome now as I felt last year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Man</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Straight / Heterosexual</td>\n",
       "      <td>White or of European descent;Multiracial</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appropriate in length</td>\n",
       "      <td>Easy</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                   MainBranch  Hobbyist  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                \n",
       "1                      I am a student who is learning to code      True   \n",
       "2                      I am a student who is learning to code     False   \n",
       "3           I am not primarily a developer, but I write co...      True   \n",
       "4                              I am a developer by profession     False   \n",
       "5                              I am a developer by profession      True   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           OpenSourcer  \\\n",
       "Respondent                               \n",
       "1                                Never   \n",
       "2              Less than once per year   \n",
       "3                                Never   \n",
       "4                                Never   \n",
       "5           Once a month or more often   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                   OpenSource  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "2           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "3           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "4           The quality of OSS and closed source software ...   \n",
       "5           OSS is, on average, of HIGHER quality than pro...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                        Employment                 Country  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                   \n",
       "1           Not employed, and not looking for work          United Kingdom   \n",
       "2               Not employed, but looking for work  Bosnia and Herzegovina   \n",
       "3                               Employed full-time                Thailand   \n",
       "4                               Employed full-time           United States   \n",
       "5                               Employed full-time                 Ukraine   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   Student                                            EdLevel  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                      \n",
       "1                       No                          Primary/elementary school   \n",
       "2           Yes, full-time  Secondary school (e.g. American high school, G...   \n",
       "3                       No           Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "4                       No           Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "5                       No           Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS, B.Eng., etc.)   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               UndergradMajor  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN   \n",
       "3                               Web development or web design   \n",
       "4           Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...   \n",
       "5           Computer science, computer engineering, or sof...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                     EduOther  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1           Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...   \n",
       "2           Taken an online course in programming or softw...   \n",
       "3           Taught yourself a new language, framework, or ...   \n",
       "4           Taken an online course in programming or softw...   \n",
       "5           Taken an online course in programming or softw...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                             OrgSize  \\\n",
       "Respondent                             \n",
       "1                                NaN   \n",
       "2                                NaN   \n",
       "3               100 to 499 employees   \n",
       "4               100 to 499 employees   \n",
       "5           10,000 or more employees   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                      DevType YearsCode  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                \n",
       "1                                                         NaN         4   \n",
       "2           Developer, desktop or enterprise applications;...       NaN   \n",
       "3           Designer;Developer, back-end;Developer, front-...         3   \n",
       "4                                       Developer, full-stack         3   \n",
       "5           Academic researcher;Developer, desktop or ente...        16   \n",
       "\n",
       "           Age1stCode      YearsCodePro           CareerSat  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                    \n",
       "1                  10               NaN                 NaN   \n",
       "2                  17               NaN                 NaN   \n",
       "3                  22                 1  Slightly satisfied   \n",
       "4                  16  Less than 1 year      Very satisfied   \n",
       "5                  14                 9   Very dissatisfied   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           JobSat              MgrIdiot  MgrMoney   MgrWant  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                    \n",
       "1                             NaN                   NaN       NaN       NaN   \n",
       "2                             NaN                   NaN       NaN       NaN   \n",
       "3              Slightly satisfied  Not at all confident  Not sure  Not sure   \n",
       "4              Slightly satisfied        Very confident        No  Not sure   \n",
       "5           Slightly dissatisfied    Somewhat confident       Yes        No   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                      JobSeek  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                             I am actively looking for a job   \n",
       "3           I’m not actively looking, but I am open to new...   \n",
       "4                I am not interested in new job opportunities   \n",
       "5                I am not interested in new job opportunities   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    LastHireDate  \\\n",
       "Respondent                         \n",
       "1                            NaN   \n",
       "2           I've never had a job   \n",
       "3                  1-2 years ago   \n",
       "4           Less than a year ago   \n",
       "5           Less than a year ago   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                      LastInt FizzBuzz  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                               \n",
       "1                                                         NaN      NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN      NaN   \n",
       "3                         Interview with people in peer roles       No   \n",
       "4           Write code by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard);Int...       No   \n",
       "5           Write any code;Write code by hand (e.g., on a ...       No   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                   JobFactors  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2           Financial performance or funding status of the...   \n",
       "3           Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...   \n",
       "4           Languages, frameworks, and other technologies ...   \n",
       "5           Industry that I'd be working in;Languages, fra...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                 ResumeUpdate CurrencySymbol  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                     \n",
       "1                                                         NaN            NaN   \n",
       "2           Something else changed (education, award, medi...            NaN   \n",
       "3                            I was preparing for a job search            THB   \n",
       "4                            I was preparing for a job search            USD   \n",
       "5                            I was preparing for a job search            UAH   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    CurrencyDesc  CompTotal CompFreq  SalaryUSD  WorkWeekHrs  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                     \n",
       "1                            NaN        NaN      NaN        NaN          NaN   \n",
       "2                            NaN        NaN      NaN        NaN          NaN   \n",
       "3                      Thai baht    23000.0  Monthly     8820.0         40.0   \n",
       "4           United States dollar    61000.0   Yearly    61000.0         80.0   \n",
       "5              Ukrainian hryvnia        NaN      NaN        NaN         55.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                     WorkPlan  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN   \n",
       "3           There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...   \n",
       "4           There's no schedule or spec; I work on what se...   \n",
       "5           There is a schedule and/or spec (made by me or...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                WorkChallenge  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN   \n",
       "3           Distracting work environment;Inadequate access...   \n",
       "4                                                         NaN   \n",
       "5           Being tasked with non-development work;Inadequ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                  WorkRemote WorkLoc                  ImpSyn  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                     \n",
       "1                                        NaN     NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "2                                        NaN     NaN                     NaN   \n",
       "3           Less than once per month / Never    Home                 Average   \n",
       "4           Less than once per month / Never    Home  A little below average   \n",
       "5                      A few days each month  Office  A little above average   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            CodeRev  CodeRevHrs  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                        \n",
       "1                                               NaN         NaN   \n",
       "2                                               NaN         NaN   \n",
       "3                                                No         NaN   \n",
       "4                                                No         NaN   \n",
       "5           Yes, because I see value in code review         NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                UnitTests  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                  \n",
       "1                                     NaN   \n",
       "2                                     NaN   \n",
       "3               No, but I think we should   \n",
       "4               No, but I think we should   \n",
       "5           Yes, it's part of our process   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                  PurchaseHow  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                         NaN   \n",
       "2                                                         NaN   \n",
       "3                                                    Not sure   \n",
       "4           Developers typically have the most influence o...   \n",
       "5                                                    Not sure   \n",
       "\n",
       "                             PurchaseWhat  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                  \n",
       "1                                     NaN   \n",
       "2                                     NaN   \n",
       "3           I have little or no influence   \n",
       "4           I have little or no influence   \n",
       "5           I have little or no influence   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                     LanguageWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                \n",
       "1                       HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python   \n",
       "2                                   C++;HTML/CSS;Python   \n",
       "3                                              HTML/CSS   \n",
       "4                                   C;C++;C#;Python;SQL   \n",
       "5           C++;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL;VBA   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                     LanguageDesireNextYear  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                    \n",
       "1           C;C++;C#;Go;HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;Python;SQL   \n",
       "2                               C++;HTML/CSS;JavaScript;SQL   \n",
       "3                                           Elixir;HTML/CSS   \n",
       "4                                       C;C#;JavaScript;SQL   \n",
       "5                  HTML/CSS;Java;JavaScript;SQL;WebAssembly   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                          DatabaseWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                     \n",
       "1                                                     SQLite   \n",
       "2                                                        NaN   \n",
       "3                                                 PostgreSQL   \n",
       "4                                               MySQL;SQLite   \n",
       "5           Couchbase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;PostgreSQL;SQLite   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       DatabaseDesireNextYear  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                                                       MySQL   \n",
       "2                                                       MySQL   \n",
       "3                                                  PostgreSQL   \n",
       "4                                                MySQL;SQLite   \n",
       "5           Couchbase;Firebase;MongoDB;MySQL;Oracle;Postgr...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           PlatformWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                      \n",
       "1                               MacOS;Windows   \n",
       "2                                     Windows   \n",
       "3                                         NaN   \n",
       "4                               Linux;Windows   \n",
       "5           Android;Linux;MacOS;Slack;Windows   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           PlatformDesireNextYear  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                          \n",
       "1                         Android;Arduino;Windows   \n",
       "2                                         Windows   \n",
       "3                                             NaN   \n",
       "4                                   Linux;Windows   \n",
       "5           Android;Docker;Kubernetes;Linux;Slack   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                     WebFrameWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                \n",
       "1                                          Django;Flask   \n",
       "2                                                Django   \n",
       "3                                                   NaN   \n",
       "4                                                   NaN   \n",
       "5           Django;Express;Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring   \n",
       "\n",
       "                  WebFrameDesireNextYear MiscTechWorkedWith  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                    \n",
       "1                           Flask;jQuery            Node.js   \n",
       "2                                 Django                NaN   \n",
       "3                              Other(s):                NaN   \n",
       "4                                    NaN               .NET   \n",
       "5           Flask;jQuery;React.js;Spring    Cordova;Node.js   \n",
       "\n",
       "                              MiscTechDesireNextYear  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                             \n",
       "1                                            Node.js   \n",
       "2                                                NaN   \n",
       "3                                                NaN   \n",
       "4                                               .NET   \n",
       "5           Apache Spark;Hadoop;Node.js;React Native   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                              DevEnviron        OpSys  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                              \n",
       "1                             IntelliJ;Notepad++;PyCharm      Windows   \n",
       "2                                           Atom;PyCharm      Windows   \n",
       "3                                 Vim;Visual Studio Code  Linux-based   \n",
       "4           Eclipse;Vim;Visual Studio;Visual Studio Code      Windows   \n",
       "5                                 IntelliJ;Notepad++;Vim  Linux-based   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                        Containers BlockchainOrg  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                         \n",
       "1                          I do not use containers           NaN   \n",
       "2                          I do not use containers           NaN   \n",
       "3                          I do not use containers           NaN   \n",
       "4                          I do not use containers    Not at all   \n",
       "5           Outside of work, for personal projects    Not at all   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                 BlockchainIs BetterLife  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                 \n",
       "1                                                         NaN        Yes   \n",
       "2           Useful across many domains and could change ma...        Yes   \n",
       "3                                                         NaN        Yes   \n",
       "4           Useful for decentralized currency (i.e., Bitcoin)        Yes   \n",
       "5                                                         NaN        Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            ITperson OffOn SocialMedia  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                               \n",
       "1           Fortunately, someone else has that title   Yes     Twitter   \n",
       "2                                                Yes   Yes   Instagram   \n",
       "3                                                Yes   Yes      Reddit   \n",
       "4                                               SIGH   Yes      Reddit   \n",
       "5                                           Also Yes   Yes    Facebook   \n",
       "\n",
       "                        Extraversion ScreenName        SOVisit1st  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                          \n",
       "1                             Online   Username              2017   \n",
       "2                             Online   Username              2017   \n",
       "3           In real life (in person)   Username              2011   \n",
       "4           In real life (in person)   Username              2014   \n",
       "5           In real life (in person)   Username  I don't remember   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                SOVisitFreq  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                    \n",
       "1           A few times per month or weekly   \n",
       "2                     Daily or almost daily   \n",
       "3                      A few times per week   \n",
       "4                     Daily or almost daily   \n",
       "5                    Multiple times per day   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                    SOVisitTo  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1           Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...   \n",
       "2           Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...   \n",
       "3           Find answers to specific questions;Learn how t...   \n",
       "4           Find answers to specific questions;Pass the ti...   \n",
       "5                          Find answers to specific questions   \n",
       "\n",
       "                           SOFindAnswer                     SOTimeSaved  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                \n",
       "1                    3-5 times per week  Stack Overflow was much faster   \n",
       "2                    3-5 times per week  Stack Overflow was much faster   \n",
       "3                   6-10 times per week        They were about the same   \n",
       "4                    1-2 times per week  Stack Overflow was much faster   \n",
       "5           More than 10 times per week  Stack Overflow was much faster   \n",
       "\n",
       "            SOHowMuchTime SOAccount                           SOPartFreq  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                 \n",
       "1           31-60 minutes        No                                  NaN   \n",
       "2           11-30 minutes       Yes      A few times per month or weekly   \n",
       "3                     NaN       Yes  Less than once per month or monthly   \n",
       "4           31-60 minutes       Yes  Less than once per month or monthly   \n",
       "5                     NaN       Yes      A few times per month or weekly   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                       SOJobs  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1           No, I didn't know that Stack Overflow had a jo...   \n",
       "2           No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...   \n",
       "3                                                         Yes   \n",
       "4                                                         Yes   \n",
       "5           No, I knew that Stack Overflow had a job board...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                     EntTeams  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                      \n",
       "1                         No, and I don't know what those are   \n",
       "2                         No, and I don't know what those are   \n",
       "3           No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...   \n",
       "4                         No, and I don't know what those are   \n",
       "5           No, I've heard of them, but I am not part of a...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     SOComm                            WelcomeChange  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                             \n",
       "1                   Neutral  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "2             Yes, somewhat  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "3                   Neutral  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "4            No, not really  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "5           Yes, definitely  Just as welcome now as I felt last year   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                 SONewContent   Age Gender  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                                   \n",
       "1           Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  14.0    Man   \n",
       "2           Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  19.0    Man   \n",
       "3           Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...  28.0    Man   \n",
       "4           Tech articles written by other developers;Indu...  22.0    Man   \n",
       "5           Tech meetups or events in your area;Courses on...  30.0    Man   \n",
       "\n",
       "           Trans                Sexuality  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                  \n",
       "1             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "2             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "3             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "4             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "5             No  Straight / Heterosexual   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                           Ethnicity Dependents  \\\n",
       "Respondent                                                        \n",
       "1                                                NaN         No   \n",
       "2                                                NaN         No   \n",
       "3                                                NaN        Yes   \n",
       "4                       White or of European descent         No   \n",
       "5           White or of European descent;Multiracial         No   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     SurveyLength                  SurveyEase  \n",
       "Respondent                                                     \n",
       "1           Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "2           Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "3           Appropriate in length  Neither easy nor difficult  \n",
       "4           Appropriate in length                        Easy  \n",
       "5           Appropriate in length                        Easy  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data_df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d404a524",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Add and Remove rows and columns from Dataframes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "a9f35188",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>last</th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Kevin</td>\n",
       "      <td>pendse</td>\n",
       "      <td>pshankar1306@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    first    last                   email\n",
       "0   Kevin  pendse  pshankar1306@gmail.com\n",
       "1  chetan   joshi          cjsh@gmail.com\n",
       "2  chetan  gorkal            cg@gmail.com"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "f1769075",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df['last'] = df['last'].replace({'pendse':'woods'})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "ec45451d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0      Kevin woods\n",
       "1     chetan joshi\n",
       "2    chetan gorkal\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['first'] + ' ' + df['last']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "d1a0d372",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df['full_name'] = df['first'] + ' ' + df['last']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "ee493a90",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>last</th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th>full_name</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Kevin</td>\n",
       "      <td>woods</td>\n",
       "      <td>pshankar1306@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kevin woods</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan joshi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan gorkal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    first    last                   email      full_name\n",
       "0   Kevin   woods  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods\n",
       "1  chetan   joshi          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi\n",
       "2  chetan  gorkal            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "fe0dd2c2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan joshi</td>\n",
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       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan gorkal</td>\n",
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       "                    email      full_name\n",
       "0  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods\n",
       "1          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi\n",
       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal"
      ]
     },
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    "df.drop(columns = ['first', 'last'])"
   ]
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   "id": "9c28cc64",
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    {
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       "      <td>chetan joshi</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "    first    last                   email      full_name\n",
       "0   Kevin   woods  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods\n",
       "1  chetan   joshi          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi\n",
       "2  chetan  gorkal            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal"
      ]
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     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
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    "df"
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "id": "a28cd16a",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.drop(columns = ['first', 'last'], inplace = True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "id": "b4a20c52",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>Kevin woods</td>\n",
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       "      <th>1</th>\n",
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       "      <td>chetan gorkal</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "                    email      full_name\n",
       "0  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods\n",
       "1          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi\n",
       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal"
      ]
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    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "24b7c289",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## If we want to re introduce first and last columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "id": "69ac4c90",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0      [Kevin, woods]\n",
       "1     [chetan, joshi]\n",
       "2    [chetan, gorkal]\n",
       "Name: full_name, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['full_name'].str.split()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "id": "6a0e4055",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "        0       1\n",
       "0   Kevin   woods\n",
       "1  chetan   joshi\n",
       "2  chetan  gorkal"
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     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['full_name'].str.split(' ', expand = True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "id": "e3b2ab9e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df[['first', 'last']] = df['full_name'].str.split(' ', expand = True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "id": "b6d4bfa1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
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       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan joshi</td>\n",
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       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
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       "      <th>2</th>\n",
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       "      <td>chetan gorkal</td>\n",
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       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "                    email      full_name   first    last\n",
       "0  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods   Kevin   woods\n",
       "1          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi  chetan   joshi\n",
       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal  chetan  gorkal"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "id": "ea706316",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C:\\Users\\Chetana.V.P\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ipykernel_25044\\3073062333.py:1: FutureWarning: The frame.append method is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.concat instead.\n",
      "  df.append({'first':'Tony'})\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "Can only append a dict if ignore_index=True",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ipykernel_25044\\3073062333.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m{\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'first'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'Tony'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m}\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Anaconda\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\frame.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mappend\u001b[1;34m(self, other, ignore_index, verify_integrity, sort)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   9046\u001b[0m         )\n\u001b[0;32m   9047\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 9048\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_append\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mother\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mignore_index\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mverify_integrity\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0msort\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   9049\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   9050\u001b[0m     def _append(\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Anaconda\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\frame.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_append\u001b[1;34m(self, other, ignore_index, verify_integrity, sort)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   9059\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mother\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdict\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   9060\u001b[0m                 \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mignore_index\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 9061\u001b[1;33m                     \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mTypeError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"Can only append a dict if ignore_index=True\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   9062\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mother\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mSeries\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mother\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   9063\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mother\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mname\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mNone\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mignore_index\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: Can only append a dict if ignore_index=True"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.append({'first':'Tony'})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "id": "709bb44b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C:\\Users\\Chetana.V.P\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ipykernel_25044\\916322122.py:1: FutureWarning: The frame.append method is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.concat instead.\n",
      "  df.append({'first':'Athar'}, ignore_index=True)\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan joshi</td>\n",
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       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "                    email      full_name   first    last\n",
       "0  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods   Kevin   woods\n",
       "1          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi  chetan   joshi\n",
       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal  chetan  gorkal\n",
       "3                     NaN            NaN   Athar     NaN"
      ]
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     "metadata": {},
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    }
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    "df.append({'first':'Athar'}, ignore_index=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "id": "5eabd8d2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
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       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                    email      full_name   first    last\n",
       "0  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods   Kevin   woods\n",
       "1          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi  chetan   joshi\n",
       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal  chetan  gorkal"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   "source": [
    "df"
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "id": "8aee5d69",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "people = {\n",
    "    \"first\": [\"Athar\",\"Sanjeev\"],\n",
    "    \"last\" : [\"Shaikh\", \"kanabargi\"],\n",
    "    \"email\" : [\"ashaikh@gmail.com\", \"sk@gmail.com\"]\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "id": "fad6606d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df2 = pd.DataFrame(people)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "id": "a6332982",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>Sanjeev</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "     first       last              email\n",
       "0    Athar     Shaikh  ashaikh@gmail.com\n",
       "1  Sanjeev  kanabargi       sk@gmail.com"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
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    "df2"
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   "id": "bf368748",
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   "outputs": [
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       "      <td>chetan joshi</td>\n",
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       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
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       "                    email      full_name   first    last\n",
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       "1          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi  chetan   joshi\n",
       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal  chetan  gorkal"
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "id": "7e6faa60",
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C:\\Users\\Chetana.V.P\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ipykernel_25044\\1169785372.py:1: FutureWarning: The frame.append method is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.concat instead.\n",
      "  df.append(df2, ignore_index = True)\n"
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       "      <td>Shaikh</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>sk@gmail.com</td>\n",
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       "      <td>kanabargi</td>\n",
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       "                    email      full_name    first       last\n",
       "0  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods    Kevin      woods\n",
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       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal   chetan     gorkal\n",
       "3       ashaikh@gmail.com            NaN    Athar     Shaikh\n",
       "4            sk@gmail.com            NaN  Sanjeev  kanabargi"
      ]
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     "execution_count": 64,
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   ]
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   "id": "f2db00ff",
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       "1          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi  chetan   joshi\n",
       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal  chetan  gorkal"
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "id": "7daf72ff",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C:\\Users\\Chetana.V.P\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ipykernel_25044\\89406493.py:1: FutureWarning: The frame.append method is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.concat instead.\n",
      "  df = df.append(df2, ignore_index = True)\n"
     ]
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   "source": [
    "df = df.append(df2, ignore_index = True)"
   ]
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  {
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   "execution_count": 68,
   "id": "dbb1fe44",
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    {
     "data": {
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       "3       ashaikh@gmail.com            NaN    Athar     Shaikh\n",
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    "df"
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  {
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   "execution_count": 70,
   "id": "75ecca48",
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   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>kanabargi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               email      full_name    first       last\n",
       "1     cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi   chetan      joshi\n",
       "2       cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal   chetan     gorkal\n",
       "3  ashaikh@gmail.com            NaN    Athar     Shaikh\n",
       "4       sk@gmail.com            NaN  Sanjeev  kanabargi"
      ]
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     "execution_count": 70,
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    "df.drop(index = 0)"
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "id": "6fe31bc0",
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    {
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       "      <td>kanabargi</td>\n",
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       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
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       "                    email      full_name    first       last\n",
       "0  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods    Kevin      woods\n",
       "1          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi   chetan      joshi\n",
       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal   chetan     gorkal\n",
       "3       ashaikh@gmail.com            NaN    Athar     Shaikh\n",
       "4            sk@gmail.com            NaN  Sanjeev  kanabargi"
      ]
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    "df"
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "id": "cafe318f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ashaikh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Athar</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shaikh</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>sk@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sanjeev</td>\n",
       "      <td>kanabargi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               email      full_name    first       last\n",
       "1     cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi   chetan      joshi\n",
       "2       cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal   chetan     gorkal\n",
       "3  ashaikh@gmail.com            NaN    Athar     Shaikh\n",
       "4       sk@gmail.com            NaN  Sanjeev  kanabargi"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 72,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.drop(index = df[df['first'] == 'Kevin'].index)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "id": "4c447465",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "filt = (df['first'] == 'Kevin')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "id": "713f7294",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th>full_name</th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>last</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan joshi</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ashaikh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Athar</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shaikh</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>sk@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sanjeev</td>\n",
       "      <td>kanabargi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               email      full_name    first       last\n",
       "1     cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi   chetan      joshi\n",
       "2       cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal   chetan     gorkal\n",
       "3  ashaikh@gmail.com            NaN    Athar     Shaikh\n",
       "4       sk@gmail.com            NaN  Sanjeev  kanabargi"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 77,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.drop(index = df[filt].index)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "id": "eefa5fca",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>email</th>\n",
       "      <th>full_name</th>\n",
       "      <th>first</th>\n",
       "      <th>last</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>pshankar1306@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kevin woods</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kevin</td>\n",
       "      <td>woods</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>cjsh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan joshi</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>joshi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>cg@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan gorkal</td>\n",
       "      <td>chetan</td>\n",
       "      <td>gorkal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>ashaikh@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Athar</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shaikh</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>sk@gmail.com</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sanjeev</td>\n",
       "      <td>kanabargi</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                    email      full_name    first       last\n",
       "0  pshankar1306@gmail.com    Kevin woods    Kevin      woods\n",
       "1          cjsh@gmail.com   chetan joshi   chetan      joshi\n",
       "2            cg@gmail.com  chetan gorkal   chetan     gorkal\n",
       "3       ashaikh@gmail.com            NaN    Athar     Shaikh\n",
       "4            sk@gmail.com            NaN  Sanjeev  kanabargi"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a54e7d61",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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