diff --git a/.github/workflows/python.yml b/.github/workflows/python.yml
index 6e3797b29c21e..25d918bcc25aa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/python.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/python.yml
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 60
     env:
       ARROW_HOME: /usr/local
+      ARROW_AZURE: ON
       ARROW_DATASET: ON
       ARROW_FLIGHT: ON
       ARROW_GANDIVA: ON
diff --git a/ci/conda_env_cpp.txt b/ci/conda_env_cpp.txt
index ef00f7cf4751c..b8c792008a958 100644
--- a/ci/conda_env_cpp.txt
+++ b/ci/conda_env_cpp.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@
 # under the License.
 
 aws-sdk-cpp=1.11.68
+azure-core-cpp>=1.10.3
+azure-identity-cpp>=1.6.0
+azure-storage-blobs-cpp>=12.10.0
+azure-storage-common-cpp>=12.5.0
+azure-storage-files-datalake-cpp>=12.9.0
 benchmark>=1.6.0
 boost-cpp>=1.68.0
 brotli
@@ -34,6 +39,7 @@ libutf8proc
 lz4-c
 make
 ninja
+nodejs
 orc
 pkg-config
 python
diff --git a/ci/docker/conda-cpp.dockerfile b/ci/docker/conda-cpp.dockerfile
index 7a54dcc86f8fa..dff1f2224809a 100644
--- a/ci/docker/conda-cpp.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/conda-cpp.dockerfile
@@ -42,6 +42,13 @@ RUN mamba install -q -y \
         valgrind && \
     mamba clean --all
 
+# Ensure npm, node and azurite are on path. npm and node are required to install azurite, which will then need to 
+# be on the path for the tests to run.  
+ENV PATH=/opt/conda/envs/arrow/bin:$PATH
+
+COPY ci/scripts/install_azurite.sh /arrow/ci/scripts/
+RUN /arrow/ci/scripts/install_azurite.sh
+
 # We want to install the GCS testbench using the same Python binary that the Conda code will use.
 COPY ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh /arrow/ci/scripts
 RUN /arrow/ci/scripts/install_gcs_testbench.sh default
@@ -50,6 +57,7 @@ COPY ci/scripts/install_sccache.sh /arrow/ci/scripts/
 RUN /arrow/ci/scripts/install_sccache.sh unknown-linux-musl /usr/local/bin
 
 ENV ARROW_ACERO=ON \
+    ARROW_AZURE=ON \
     ARROW_BUILD_TESTS=ON \
     ARROW_DATASET=ON \
     ARROW_DEPENDENCY_SOURCE=CONDA \
diff --git a/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh b/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh
index 1d685c51a9326..a23ea8eb1cd34 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ ctest \
     --label-regex unittest \
     --output-on-failure \
     --parallel ${n_jobs} \
+    --repeat until-pass:3 \
     --timeout ${ARROW_CTEST_TIMEOUT:-300} \
     "${ctest_options[@]}" \
     "$@"
diff --git a/ci/scripts/python_sdist_test.sh b/ci/scripts/python_sdist_test.sh
index d3c6f0e6ade89..1cd1000aa3903 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/python_sdist_test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/python_sdist_test.sh
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export PARQUET_TEST_DATA=${arrow_dir}/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing/data
 export PYARROW_CMAKE_GENERATOR=${CMAKE_GENERATOR:-Ninja}
 export PYARROW_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:-debug}
 export PYARROW_WITH_ACERO=${ARROW_ACERO:-ON}
+export PYARROW_WITH_AZURE=${ARROW_AZURE:-OFF}
 export PYARROW_WITH_S3=${ARROW_S3:-OFF}
 export PYARROW_WITH_ORC=${ARROW_ORC:-OFF}
 export PYARROW_WITH_CUDA=${ARROW_CUDA:-OFF}
diff --git a/ci/scripts/python_test.sh b/ci/scripts/python_test.sh
index 20ca3300c0538..7b803518494ee 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/python_test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/python_test.sh
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ fi
 : ${PYARROW_TEST_S3:=${ARROW_S3:-ON}}
 
 export PYARROW_TEST_ACERO
+export PYARROW_TEST_AZURE
 export PYARROW_TEST_CUDA
 export PYARROW_TEST_DATASET
 export PYARROW_TEST_FLIGHT