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4_Building_the_Vault_Cluster.md

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Chapter 3 - Building the Vault Cluster

Prerequisites

  • A XenServer 7.2 Environment
  • XenCenter 7.2
  • the centos-7-micro template as built in Chapter 1.
  • a three-node Consul cluster as built in Chapter 2
  • a workstation with the following

Process

  • Terraform the Vault nodes.
  • Install the Consul Agent on the nodes.
  • Install Vault on the nodes.
  • Initialize and unseal the Vault.

Goal

By the time we have completed this section, you will have a functional three node Consul cluster and be able to inspect its status via the web UI.

Terraform Vault nodes

Create a project directory that will hold your terraform files and states. Since I would like to be able to provision and destroy each infrastructure component individually, I will make a subfolder in my project directory for Consul, Vault, Nomad servers, and Nomad clients.

└── play_cluster
    ├── consul
    ├── nomad-server
    ├── nomad-client
    └── vault

Switch to your vault folder.

Create the vault.tf file

Create a consul.tf file with the following information. Replace placeholders in "«»" with appropriate values from your environment.

provider "xenserver" {
    url = "«XenServer URL»"
    username = "«XenServer user name»"
    password = "«XenServer password»"
}

resource "xenserver_vm" "vault-server-1" {
    name_label = "vault-server-1"
    base_template_name = "centos-7-micro"
    xenstore_data {
      hostname = "vault-server-1.node.consul"
    }
}

resource "xenserver_vm" "vault-server-2" {
    name_label = "vault-server-2"
    base_template_name = "centos-7-micro"
    xenstore_data {
      hostname = "vault-server-2.node.consul"
    }
}

At this point, you should be able to run terraform plan and see that three resources will be created.

Run terraform apply to build your three nodes.

Install Consul Agent

See Appendix C - Installing Consul Agent and Configuring DNS Integration

Install Vault

Create Vault User

useradd vault
usermod -aG wheel vault
passwd vault

Configure SSH Keys

mkdir /home/vault/.ssh
chown vault /home/vault/.ssh
chmod 700 /home/vault/.ssh
echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDBsCHv5Pyco+HkIDEy/x2WQWikvZ2QBFMUtXgsezFTAyNjsvrdEWgLfK0upQdVNC3Mo20KHtTh6sUSkddlBxdt8IezsjZgUs3DekuZXCEwCeEm8caWewmNwfu4CmnZZjPHjEWMENUmdAw00y3Hn57BuudyUmoMb5ktpwdIjkSPHZHxWACo4jIdgljuOg8Z0z+xcCDzkKtAeEcZPbCyC3i2hm2p1v4GsQ2Np8CI7luM+r+sXEMSraNq5FPJRFE6cEZuTuXpVXha646IWciT8P7bGdQkU89rScB73J9YDBzVzRbnVmTe0VLI2XJ76qgubTvEeFlaJnZsN6+gLLHotRUl [email protected]" > /home/vault/.ssh/authorized_keys
chown vault /home/vault/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 /home/vault/.ssh/authorized_keys

Grant ownership of vault configuration directory

sudo mkdir /etc/vault.d
sudo chown vault /etc/vault.d

Create Vault run directory

sudo mkdir -p /opt/vault/bin
sudo chown -R vault /opt/vault

Allow vault user to use mlock

sudo setcap cap_ipc_lock=+ep $(readlink -f $(which vault))

Write Vault Configuration

cat << VAULTCONFIG | sudo tee /etc/vault.d/config.hcl
storage "consul" {
  address = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  path    = "vault/"
}

listener "tcp" {
  address     = "0.0.0.0:8200"
  tls_disable = 1
}

ui=true
cluster_name="vault_dc1"
VAULTCONFIG

sudo chown vault /etc/vault.d/config.hcl

Add the vault firewall rules

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8200/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8201/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Create Service Wrapper

cat << SERVICECONFIG | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/vault.service
[Unit]
Description=Vault Server
Requires=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=root
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/vault
Environment=GOMAXPROCS=2
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/vault server \$OPTIONS -config=/etc/vault.d/config.hcl
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID
KillSignal=SIGINT
StandardOutput=journal

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
SERVICECONFIG

Enable and start the vault-server service

sudo systemctl enable vault.service
sudo systemctl start vault.service

Testing

export VAULT_ADDR='http://127.0.0.1:8200'
vault status

You will get an error similar to the following. This is expected since we have not yet initialized the vault.

Error checking seal status: Error making API request.

URL: GET http://127.0.0.1:8200/v1/sys/seal-status
Code: 400. Errors:

* server is not yet initialized

Initialize and unseal the vault

To initialize the Vault, run the following command:

vault operator init -key-shares=1 -key-threshold=1 | tee vault_info.txt

This will initialize the vault and generate the unseal keys and the initial root token. You will use these in the next step to unseal the vault. Following are example values from an sample run:

Unseal Key 1: wu3rO+triHHq7M9rTere7mu5NOtwURf4ucQJj4CmKe8=
Initial Root Token: a09aeab6-0fc9-bab2-b667-9226b1706ff4

Note: If you get an error that says http: server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client, you need to run the export VAULT_ADDR='http://127.0.0.1:8200' command in your session.

Use the generated key to unseal the vault:

vault operator unseal wu3rO+triHHq7M9rTere7mu5NOtwURf4ucQJj4CmKe8=

Perform the unsealing steps on the second node:

export VAULT_ADDR='http://127.0.0.1:8200'
vault operator unseal wu3rO+triHHq7M9rTere7mu5NOtwURf4ucQJj4CmKe8=

At this point, you should have an active/standby HA vault configuration. You can verify this in your Consul Web UI.

You can now proceed to build the Nomad Server cluster.