diff --git a/math/discrete/README.MD b/math/discrete/README.MD index 02102a2..4ce9213 100644 --- a/math/discrete/README.MD +++ b/math/discrete/README.MD @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ layout: page title: Discrete Math permalink: /math/discrete/ description: Discrete Math course and tips -date: '2024-3-19' +date: '2024-3-20' categories: Discrete tags: - Discrete @@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ tags: * A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) - - Subsets: * A ⊆ A ∪ B = B ∪ A @@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ tags: * A ∈ P(A), ∅ ∈ P(A) - * `If |A| = n, then |P(A)|` = n + * `If |A| = n, then |P(A)|` = 2n * `|P(A)|` = 2|A| @@ -143,25 +142,63 @@ tags: - Important relations: 1. **Reflexive:** - - Shorthand: \( R \subseteq \{(a, a) \mid a \in A\} \) + - Shorthand: \( R ⊆ \{(a, a) \| a ∈ A\} \) - Meaning: Every element is related to itself. Ia ⊆ R + - for all a ∈ A, aRa holds 2. **Transitive:** - - Shorthand: \( R \circ R \subseteq R \) - - Meaning: If \( (a, b) \in R \) and \( (b, c) \in R \), then \( (a, c) \in R \). + - Shorthand: \( R ∘ R ⊆ R \) + - Meaning: If \( (a, b) ∈ R \) and \( (b, c) ∈ R \), then \( (a, c) ∈ R \). + - (aRb and bRc) -> aRc 3. **Symmetric:** - - Shorthand: \( R = R^{-1} \) - - Meaning: If \( (a, b) \in R \), then \( (b, a) \in R \). + - Shorthand: \( R = R⁻¹ \) + - Meaning: If \( (a, b) ∈ R \), then \( (b, a) ∈ R \). + - When aRb <=> bRa 4. **Antisymmetric:** - - Shorthand: \( R \cap R^{-1} \subseteq \{(a, a) \mid a \in A\} \) - - Meaning: If \( (a, b) \in R \) and \( (b, a) \in R \), then \( a = b \). + - Shorthand: \( R ∩ R⁻¹ ⊆ \{(a, a) \| a ∈ A\} \) + - Meaning: If \( (a, b) ∈ R \) and \( (b, a) ∈ R \), then \( a = b \). + - (aRb and bRa) -> (a = b) - This does not mean not-symmetric - - Equivalence relation is one where 1,2,3 all hold +- Equivalence relation + + - is one where 1,2,3 all hold + +- Order relation + + - Partial order IFF 1,2,4 all hold + * clear hasse diagram can be drawn + - items for which the relation doesn't hold will be drawn but not connected to the others in the diagram + + - Total/Linear order: + * Partial order holds + * Totality: For any \( a, b ∈ A \), either \( (a, b) ∈ R \) or \( (b, a) ∈ R \). + - In other words: For any two distinct elements a and b, either a is related to b (a ≤ b), or b is related to a (b ≤ a). + * hasse diagram would be a straight line (all elements relate to one another in this set) + + - Terms: + * Minimal: An element a is minimal if there is no b such that b precedes a. + - Elements with nothing less than them (no predacessors) + * Minimum: An element a is a minimum if for all b, a precedes b. + - Element that is less than everything else (either a set has 1 minimum or no minimum element) + * Maximal: An element a is maximal if there is no b such that a precedes b. + - follows from minimal + * Maximum: An element a is a maximum if for all b, b precedes a. + - follows from minimum + +#### Functions + +| Let f,g be two functions, (f:A -> B) , (g:B -> A) | | | | | | | +| ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | +| Function f | Horizontal line test | Clasification | Invertibility | G is \ \_ inverse of f | Definition | | +| Onto | Hits at least 1 point | Surjective | Right invertible | f ∘ g = Ib | {f(a) | a ∈ A} = B every element in range (B) has a source | A function that maps one or more elements of A to the same element of B | +| One to One | Hits at most 1 point | Injective | Left Invertible | g ∘ f = Ia | if a1 != a2 then f(a1) != f(a2) or contrapositive if f(a1) = f(a2) then a1 = a2 | A function that always maps the distinct element of its domain to the distinct element of its codomain | +| Onto and One to One | Hits exactly at 1 point | Bijective | Invertible | g ∘ f = Ia, f ∘ g = Ib | f⁻¹ = g | A function that is both injective and surjective | +| Identity Ia | Hits exactly at 1 point | Bijective | Invertible | f ∘ Ia = f = Ib ∘ f | f(a) = a | + - - Order relation is one where 1,2,4 all hold #### Links