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Cryptocurrencies 1 - Currency Networks.md

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N.1. Concepts

N.1.1. Basics

N.1.2. Economics

N.1.3. Security

N.2. Main Networks

N.3. Testnet

N.4. Addressing Schemes

N.5. Features

N.6. Lightning Network

N.6.1. Concepts

1. Bitcoin

1.1. Concepts

1.1.1. Basics

  • UTXOs
  • Bitcoins
  • Blockchain
  • Wallet

1.1.2. Economics

  • Coin Reduction
  • Mining

1.1.3. Security

  • Proof of Work
  • Cryptography

1.2. Main Networks

  • Only one active chain

1.3. Testnet

  • Three chains?

1.4. Addressing Schemes

  • BIP 44 (Legacy)
  • BIP 48 (SegWit)
  • BIP 84 (Native SegWit)
  • BIP 86 (Taproot)

1.5. Features

  • Return By Fee
  • Multi-Person Custody (?) (MPC)
  • Ordinal Protocol
  • BRC-20 Tokens

1.6. Lightning Network

Concepts

  • Nodes
  • Channels
  • Channel Capacity
  • Hold Invoices (refund)

Ethereum

2.1. Concepts

2.1.1. Basics

  • Wallets
  • Ether
  • Gas
  • Smart Contracts

2.1.2. Economics

  • Staking

2.1.3. Security

  • Proof of Stake Consensus
  • Sharding

2.2. Main Networks

2.3. Testnet

  • Olympic, pre-release public test network with ID #0 (replaced by Morden)
  • Morden, Fontier-based public test network with ID #2 (replaced by Ropsten)
  • Ropsten, Homestead-based public test network with ID #3 (recently revived)
  • ConsenSys, Proof-of-Work public test network
  • Kovan, Proof-of-Authority public test network (Parity only)
  • Rinkeby, Proof-of-Authority public test network (Geth only)

2.4. Addressing Schemes

2.5. Features

  • ERC-20 Tokens
    • Stable Coins
    • NFTs
  • dApps
  • DAOs

1.6. Layer 2 Networks

Methods

Note

There are no official layer 2 networks.

  • Channels (Uses 2-of-2 Multi-Sig contracts a.k.a. Pay to Script Hash (P2SH))
    • State Channels
      • Payment Channels (Same as Lightning Network in Bitcoin, e.g. Raiden)
  • Rollups
    • zk Rollups 
    • Optimistic Rollups
  • Other
    • Side Chains
    • Plasma chains (Side chains, but using optimistic rollups for fraud prevention; child chains =/= Side chains)
    • Validium (Side chains, but using zk Rollups for validity)

1.6.1. Optimism

  • Token: OP
  • Type: Optimistic Rollup

1.6.2. Arbitrum

  • Token: ARB
  • Type: Optimistic Rollup

1.6.3. Base

  • Token:
  • Type: Optimistic Rollup

1.6.4. ZKSync Era

  • Token:
  • Type: Optimistic Rollup

1.6.3. Polygon (formerly Polygon-Hermez)

  • Token: MATIC
  • Type: Plasma Chain using zk Rollups

Monero (XMR)

Ripple (XRP)

Cardano (ADA)

Stellar Lumen (XLM)

Solana (SOL)

TRON (TRX)

Avalanche (AVAX)

Chainlink (LINK)

NANO (NANO)

Polkadot (DOT)

Litecoin (LTC)

Dogecoin (DOGE)

Bitcoin Cash (BCH)

Filecoin (FIL)

Ethereum Classic Algorand (ALGO) Tezos (XTZ) MakerDAO Dai ZCash Dash Cosmos (ATOM)

Layer 2 Arbitrum Optimism Starknet

Exchange Uniswap Curve DAO THORChain (RUNE) Sushi Swap

Niche Enjin Coin Filecoin (FIL) Decentraland (MANA)