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@article{bender_mangarevan_2014,
title = {Mangarevan invention of binary steps for easier calculation},
volume = {111},
issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},
url = {https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1309160110},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1309160110},
abstract = {Significance
The paper describes the mixed counting system in Mangarevan, which is unique in that it had three binary steps superposed onto a decimal structure. In showing how these steps affect calculation, our analysis yields important insights for theorizing on numerical cognition: counting systems serve as complex cultural tools for numerical cognition, apparently unwieldy systems may in fact be cognitively advantageous, and such advantageous systems can be—and have been—developed by nonindustrialized societies and in the absence of notational systems. These insights also help to dismiss simple notions of cultural complexity as a homogenous state and emphasize that investigating cultural diversity is not merely an optional extra, but a must.
,
When Leibniz demonstrated the advantages of the binary system for computations as early as 1703, he laid the foundation for computing machines. However, is a binary system also suitable for human cognition? One of two number systems traditionally used on Mangareva, a small island in French Polynesia, had three binary steps superposed onto a decimal structure. Here, we show how this system functions, how it facilitated arithmetic, and why it is unique. The Mangarevan invention of binary steps, centuries before their formal description by Leibniz, attests to the advancements possible in numeracy even in the absence of notation and thereby highlights the role of culture for the evolution of and diversity in numerical cognition.},
pages = {1322--1327},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
shortjournal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.},
author = {Bender, Andrea and Beller, Sieghard},
urldate = {2022-10-12},
date = {2014-01-28},
langid = {english},
file = {Full Text:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/YY79MNUU/Bender and Beller - 2014 - Mangarevan invention of binary steps for easier ca.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@inproceedings{pratt_chu_1994,
location = {Dallas, {TX}, {USA}},
title = {Chu spaces: automata with quantum aspects},
isbn = {978-0-8186-6715-2},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/363682/},
doi = {10.1109/PHYCMP.1994.363682},
shorttitle = {Chu spaces},
abstract = {Chu spaces are a recently developed model of concurrent computation extending automata theory to express branching time and true concurrency. They exhibit in a primitive form the quantum mechanical phenomena of complementarity and uncertainty. The complementarity arises as the duality of information and time, automata and schedules, and states and events. Uncertainty arises when we define a measurement to be a morphism and notice that increasing structure in the observed object reduces clarity of observation. For a Chu space this uncertainty can be calculated numerically an an attractively sample way directly from its form factor to yield the usual Heisenberg uncertainty relation. Chu spaces correspond to wavefunctions as vectors of Hilbert space, whose inner product operation is realized f o r Chu spaces as right residuation and whose quantum logic becomes Girard’s linear logic.},
eventtitle = {Workshop on Physics and Computation. {PhysComp} '94},
pages = {186--195},
booktitle = {Proceedings Workshop on Physics and Computation. {PhysComp} '94},
publisher = {{IEEE} Comput. Soc. Press},
author = {Pratt, V.R.},
urldate = {2022-10-04},
date = {1994},
langid = {english},
file = {Pratt_1994_Chu spaces.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/3U98QW7F/Pratt_1994_Chu spaces.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{hull_origametry_2020,
edition = {1},
title = {Origametry: Mathematical Methods in Paper Folding},
isbn = {978-1-108-77863-3 978-1-108-47872-4 978-1-108-74611-3},
url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108778633/type/book},
shorttitle = {Origametry},
abstract = {Origami, the art of paper folding, has a rich mathematical theory. Early investigations go back to at least the 1930s, but the twenty-first century has seen a remarkable blossoming of the mathematics of folding. Besides its use in describing origami and designing new models, it is also finding real-world applications from building nano-scale robots to deploying large solar arrays in space. Written by a world expert on the subject, Origametry is the first complete reference on the mathematics of origami. It brings together historical results, modern developments, and future directions into a cohesive whole. Over 180 figures illustrate the constructions described while numerous 'diversions' provide jumping-off points for readers to deepen their understanding. This book is an essential reference for researchers of origami mathematics and its applications in physics, engineering, and design. Educators, students, and enthusiasts will also find much to enjoy in this fascinating account of the mathematics of folding.},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
author = {Hull, Thomas C.},
urldate = {2022-09-28},
date = {2020-10-08},
langid = {english},
doi = {10.1017/9781108778633},
file = {Hull - 2020 - Origametry Mathematical Methods in Paper Folding.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/JA6DVIQF/Hull - 2020 - Origametry Mathematical Methods in Paper Folding.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{mac_lane_categories_2010,
location = {New York, {NY}},
edition = {2nd. ed., Softcover version of original hardcover edition 1998},
title = {Categories for the working mathematician},
isbn = {978-1-4419-3123-8},
series = {Graduate texts in mathematics},
pagetotal = {314},
number = {5},
publisher = {Springer},
author = {Mac Lane, Saunders},
date = {2010},
file = {Mac Lane_2010_Categories for the working mathematician.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/J77KH9EH/Mac Lane_2010_Categories for the working mathematician.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{riehl_category_2016,
location = {Mineola, New York},
title = {Category theory in context},
isbn = {978-0-486-80903-8},
series = {Aurora: Dover modern math originals},
pagetotal = {240},
publisher = {Dover Publications},
author = {Riehl, Emily},
date = {2016},
note = {{OCLC}: ocn946461077},
keywords = {Categories (Mathematics), Functor theory, Mathematics},
file = {Riehl - Category Theory in Context.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/N56L52KN/Riehl - Category Theory in Context.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{spivak_category_2014,
location = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
title = {Category theory for the sciences},
isbn = {978-0-262-02813-4},
pagetotal = {486},
publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
author = {Spivak, David I.},
date = {2014},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Categories (Mathematics), Mathematical models, Science},
file = {Spivak - 2014 - Category theory for the sciences.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/35UICABT/Spivak - 2014 - Category theory for the sciences.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{fong_invitation_2019,
edition = {1},
title = {An Invitation to Applied Category Theory: Seven Sketches in Compositionality},
isbn = {978-1-108-66880-4 978-1-108-48229-5 978-1-108-71182-1},
url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108668804/type/book},
shorttitle = {An Invitation to Applied Category Theory},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
author = {Fong, Brendan and Spivak, David I.},
urldate = {2022-08-19},
date = {2019-07-18},
langid = {english},
doi = {10.1017/9781108668804},
file = {Fong and Spivak - 2019 - An Invitation to Applied Category Theory Seven Sk.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/9327IZH2/Fong and Spivak - 2019 - An Invitation to Applied Category Theory Seven Sk.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{myers_double_2020,
title = {Double Categories of Open Dynamical Systems (Extended Abstract)},
rights = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05956},
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2005.05956},
abstract = {A (closed) dynamical system is a notion of how things can be, together with a notion of how they may change given how they are. The idea and mathematics of closed dynamical systems has proven incredibly useful in those sciences that can isolate their object of study from its environment. But many changing situations in the world cannot be meaningfully isolated from their environment - a cell will die if it is removed from everything beyond its walls. To study systems that interact with their environment, and to design such systems in a modular way, we need a robust theory of open dynamical systems. In this extended abstract, we put forward a general definition of open dynamical system. We define two general sorts of morphisms between these systems: covariant morphisms which include trajectories, steady states, and periodic orbits; and contravariant morphisms which allow for plugging variables of some systems into parameters of other systems. We define an indexed double category of open dynamical systems indexed by their interface and use a double Grothendieck construction to construct a double category of open dynamical systems. In our main theorem, we construct covariantly representable indexed double functors from the indexed double category of dynamical systems to an indexed double category of spans. This shows that all covariantly representable structures of dynamical systems - including trajectories, steady states, and periodic orbits - compose according to the laws of matrix arithmetic.},
author = {Myers, David Jaz},
urldate = {2022-08-19},
date = {2020},
note = {Publisher: {arXiv}
Version Number: 2},
keywords = {Category Theory (math.{CT}), Dynamical Systems (math.{DS}), {FOS}: Mathematics},
file = {Myers_2020_Double Categories of Open Dynamical Systems (Extended Abstract).pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/N879CDAK/Myers_2020_Double Categories of Open Dynamical Systems (Extended Abstract).pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{howitt_spire_2018,
location = {London},
title = {Spire: the city must fall},
isbn = {978-0-9963765-6-3 978-0-9963765-5-6},
shorttitle = {Spire},
publisher = {Rowan, Rook and Decard},
author = {Howitt, Grant and Taylor, Christopher and Stone, Adrian and Rowan, Rook \{and\} Decard},
date = {2018},
langid = {english},
note = {{OCLC}: 1083765046},
file = {Howitt et al. - 2018 - Spire the city must fall.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/7U23738B/Howitt et al. - 2018 - Spire the city must fall.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{brualdi_introductory_2010,
location = {Upper Saddle River, N.J},
edition = {5th ed},
title = {Introductory combinatorics},
isbn = {978-0-13-602040-0},
abstract = {Introductory Combinatorics emphasizes combinatorial ideas, including the pigeon-hole principle, counting techniques, permutations and combinations, Polya counting, binomial coefficients, inclusion-exclusion principle, generating functions and recurrence relations, and combinatortial structures (matchings, designs, graphs). Written to be entertaining and readable, this book's lively style reflects the author's joy for teaching the subject. It presents an excellent treatment of Polya's Counting Theorem that doesn't assume the student is familiar with group theory. It also includes problems that offer good practice of the principles it presents. The third edition of Introductory Combinatorics has been updated to include new material on partially ordered sets, Dilworth's Theorem, partitions of integers and generating functions. In addition, the chapters on graph theory have been completely revised. A valuable book for any reader interested in learning more about combinatorics},
pagetotal = {605},
publisher = {Pearson/Prentice Hall},
author = {Brualdi, Richard A.},
date = {2010},
note = {{OCLC}: ocn245024866},
keywords = {Mathematics, Combinatorial analysis, Computer science, Textbooks},
file = {Brualdi - 2010 - Introductory combinatorics.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/HWJM23EX/Brualdi - 2010 - Introductory combinatorics.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{edgar_measure_2008,
location = {New York},
edition = {2nd ed},
title = {Measure, topology, and fractal geometry},
isbn = {978-0-387-74748-4},
series = {Undergraduate texts in mathematics},
pagetotal = {268},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
author = {Edgar, Gerald A.},
date = {2008},
langid = {english},
note = {{OCLC}: ocn190580786},
keywords = {Fractals, Measure theory, Topology},
file = {Edgar - 2008 - Measure, topology, and fractal geometry.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/E22STCG4/Edgar - 2008 - Measure, topology, and fractal geometry.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{chartrand_mathematical_2014,
title = {Mathematical proofs: a transition to advanced mathematics},
isbn = {978-0-321-79709-4 978-0-321-78251-9},
shorttitle = {Mathematical proofs},
author = {Chartrand, Gary and Polimeni, Albert D and Zhang, Ping},
date = {2014},
langid = {english},
note = {{OCLC}: 1030073565},
file = {Chartrand et al. - 2014 - Mathematical proofs a transition to advanced math.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/FGBELGV9/Chartrand et al. - 2014 - Mathematical proofs a transition to advanced math.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{myers_categorical_nodate,
title = {Categorical Systems Theory},
pages = {306},
author = {Myers, David Jaz},
langid = {english},
file = {Myers - Categorical Systems Theory.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/88GEG7QY/Myers - Categorical Systems Theory.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{nickalls_viete_2006,
title = {Viète, Descartes and the cubic equation},
volume = {90},
issn = {0025-5572, 2056-6328},
url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0025557200179598/type/journal_article},
doi = {10.1017/S0025557200179598},
abstract = {An appreciation of the geometry underlying algebraic techniques invariably enhances understanding, and this is particularly true with regard to polynomials.
With visualisation as our theme, this article considers the cubic equation and describes how the French mathematicians François Viète (1540–1603) and René Descartes (1596–1650) related the ‘three-real-roots’ case (
casus irreducibilis
) to circle geometry. In particular, attention is focused on a previously undescribed aspect, namely, how the lengths of the chords constructed by Viète and Descartes in this setting relate geometrically to the curve of the cubic itself.},
pages = {203--208},
number = {518},
journaltitle = {The Mathematical Gazette},
shortjournal = {Math. Gaz.},
author = {Nickalls, R. W. D.},
urldate = {2022-12-30},
date = {2006-07},
langid = {english},
file = {Nickalls - 2006 - Viète, Descartes and the cubic equation.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/RHX9P8IS/Nickalls - 2006 - Viète, Descartes and the cubic equation.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{nickalls_viete_2006-1,
title = {Viète, Descartes and the cubic equation},
volume = {90},
issn = {0025-5572, 2056-6328},
url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0025557200179598/type/journal_article},
doi = {10.1017/S0025557200179598},
abstract = {An appreciation of the geometry underlying algebraic techniques invariably enhances understanding, and this is particularly true with regard to polynomials.
With visualisation as our theme, this article considers the cubic equation and describes how the French mathematicians François Viète (1540–1603) and René Descartes (1596–1650) related the ‘three-real-roots’ case (
casus irreducibilis
) to circle geometry. In particular, attention is focused on a previously undescribed aspect, namely, how the lengths of the chords constructed by Viète and Descartes in this setting relate geometrically to the curve of the cubic itself.},
pages = {203--208},
number = {518},
journaltitle = {The Mathematical Gazette},
shortjournal = {Math. Gaz.},
author = {Nickalls, R. W. D.},
urldate = {2022-12-30},
date = {2006-07},
langid = {english},
}
@incollection{hutchison_computational_2006,
location = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
title = {Computational Origami Construction of a Regular Heptagon with Automated Proof of Its Correctness},
volume = {3763},
isbn = {978-3-540-31332-8 978-3-540-31363-2},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/11615798_2},
pages = {19--33},
booktitle = {Automated Deduction in Geometry},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
author = {Robu, Judit and Ida, Tetsuo and Ţepeneu, Dorin and Takahashi, Hidekazu and Buchberger, Bruno},
editor = {Hong, Hoon and Wang, Dongming},
editorb = {Hutchison, David and Kanade, Takeo and Kittler, Josef and Kleinberg, Jon M. and Mattern, Friedemann and Mitchell, John C. and Naor, Moni and Nierstrasz, Oscar and Pandu Rangan, C. and Steffen, Bernhard and Sudan, Madhu and Terzopoulos, Demetri and Tygar, Dough and Vardi, Moshe Y. and Weikum, Gerhard},
editorbtype = {redactor},
urldate = {2022-12-30},
date = {2006},
doi = {10.1007/11615798_2},
note = {Series Title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
}
@article{gleason_angle_1988,
title = {Angle Trisection, the Heptagon, and the Triskaidecagon},
volume = {95},
issn = {00029890},
url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2323624?origin=crossref},
doi = {10.2307/2323624},
pages = {185},
number = {3},
journaltitle = {The American Mathematical Monthly},
shortjournal = {The American Mathematical Monthly},
author = {Gleason, Andrew M.},
urldate = {2022-12-30},
date = {1988-03},
file = {Gleason - Angle Trisection, the Heptagon, and the Triskaidec.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/RVLMQ7E9/Gleason - Angle Trisection, the Heptagon, and the Triskaidec.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{shulman_affine_2022,
title = {Affine logic for constructive mathematics},
volume = {28},
issn = {1079-8986, 1943-5894},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.07518},
doi = {10.1017/bsl.2022.28},
abstract = {We show that numerous distinctive concepts of constructive mathematics arise automatically from an "antithesis" translation of affine logic into intuitionistic logic via a Chu/Dialectica construction. This includes apartness relations, complemented subsets, anti-subgroups and anti-ideals, strict and non-strict order pairs, cut-valued metrics, and apartness spaces. We also explain the constructive bifurcation of some classical concepts using the choice between multiplicative and additive affine connectives. Affine logic and the antithesis construction thus systematically "constructivize" classical definitions, handling the resulting bookkeeping automatically.},
pages = {327--386},
number = {3},
journaltitle = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
shortjournal = {Bull. symb. log},
author = {Shulman, Michael},
urldate = {2022-12-27},
date = {2022-09},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {1805.07518 [math]},
keywords = {Mathematics - Logic},
file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/CIVK4RQY/Shulman - 2022 - Affine logic for constructive mathematics.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/62QYPCNK/1805.html:text/html},
}
@book{levin_discrete_2019,
location = {Greeley, Colorado},
edition = {Third edition},
title = {Discrete mathematics: an open introduction},
isbn = {978-1-79290-169-0},
shorttitle = {Discrete mathematics},
abstract = {This gentle introduction to discrete mathematics is written for first and second year math majors, especially those who intend to teach. The text began as a set of lecture notes for the discrete mathematics course at the University of Northern Colorado. This course serves both as an introduction to topics in discrete math and as the "introduction to proof" course for math majors. The course is usually taught with a large amount of student inquiry, and this text is written to help facilitate this. Four main topics are covered: counting, sequences, logic, and graph theory. Along the way proofs are introduced, including proofs by contradiction, proofs by induction, and combinatorial proofs. The book contains over 470 exercises, including 275 with solutions and over 100 with hints. There are also Investigate! activities throughout the text to support active, inquiry based learning},
publisher = {Oscar Levin},
author = {Levin, Oscar},
date = {2019},
langid = {english},
note = {{OCLC}: 1229059610},
file = {Levin - 2019 - Discrete mathematics an open introduction.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/IY4RIJD9/Levin - 2019 - Discrete mathematics an open introduction.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{bell_primer_2008,
location = {Cambridge ; New York},
edition = {2nd ed},
title = {A primer of infinitesimal analysis},
isbn = {978-0-521-88718-2},
pagetotal = {124},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
author = {Bell, J. L.},
date = {2008},
note = {{OCLC}: ocn167516052},
keywords = {Nonstandard mathematical analysis},
file = {Bell - 2007 - A PRIMER OF INFINITESIMAL ANALYSIS SECOND EDITION.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/CRW96FQ7/Bell - 2007 - A PRIMER OF INFINITESIMAL ANALYSIS SECOND EDITION.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{bell_primer_2007,
title = {A {PRIMER} {OF} {INFINITESIMAL} {ANALYSIS} {SECOND} {EDITION}},
author = {Bell, John L},
date = {2007},
langid = {english},
}
@online{ryan_project_2022,
title = {Project Zero: A walk through Project Zero metrics},
url = {https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/02/a-walk-through-project-zero-metrics.html},
shorttitle = {Project Zero},
titleaddon = {Project Zero},
author = {Ryan},
urldate = {2022-12-22},
date = {2022-02-10},
file = {Blogspot Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/CTJECB8K/a-walk-through-project-zero-metrics.html:text/html},
}
@article{gayle_climate_2022,
title = {Climate protesters told to pay National Gallery £1,000 for damaging painting},
issn = {0261-3077},
url = {https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/dec/06/just-stop-oil-climate-protesters-told-to-pay-national-gallery-1000-for-damaging-painting},
abstract = {Just Stop Oil’s Hannah Hunt and Eden Lazarus found guilty after glueing themselves to Constable’s The Hay Wain},
journaltitle = {The Guardian},
author = {Gayle, Damien},
urldate = {2022-12-21},
date = {2022-12-06},
langid = {british},
keywords = {Art, Crime, Environment, Environmental activism, Greenhouse gas emissions, Just Stop Oil, Law, National Gallery, Protest, {UK} news},
file = {Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/VJ5ZBWQE/just-stop-oil-climate-protesters-told-to-pay-national-gallery-1000-for-damaging-painting.html:text/html},
}
@online{colroado_department_of_public_health__environment_colroado_nodate,
title = {Colroado Department of Public Health \& Environment Website},
url = {https://cdphe.colorado.gov/},
shorttitle = {{CDPHE}},
author = {{Colroado Department of Public Health \& Environment}},
urldate = {2022-11-16},
file = {Home | Department of Public Health & Environment:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/WEWQAR3U/cdphe.colorado.gov.html:text/html},
}
@online{meltzer_wanted_2022,
title = {Wanted: Bus drivers, school paras and teachers, too},
url = {https://co.chalkbeat.org/2022/8/11/23302368/colorado-teacher-shortage-bus-driver-special-ed-para-vacancies-school-hiring},
shorttitle = {Wanted},
abstract = {Many Colorado school districts say the fall hiring frenzy is similar to previous years. They’ve raised pay, but competition with the private sector and other districts is stiff.},
titleaddon = {Chalkbeat Colorado},
author = {Meltzer, Erica},
urldate = {2022-12-21},
date = {2022-08-12},
langid = {english},
note = {Section: Budget \& finance},
}
@online{zeldovich_evolution_2018,
title = {The evolution of ‘autism’ as a diagnosis, explained},
url = {https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/evolution-autism-diagnosis-explained/},
abstract = {From a form of childhood schizophrenia to a spectrum of conditions, the characterization of autism in diagnostic manuals has a complicated history.},
titleaddon = {Spectrum {\textbar} Autism Research News},
author = {Zeldovich, Lina},
urldate = {2022-12-21},
date = {2018-05-09},
langid = {american},
file = {Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/K47R2XH3/evolution-autism-diagnosis-explained.html:text/html},
}
@online{mccann_preparing_2020,
title = {Preparing an autism friendly secondary classroom},
url = {https://reachoutasc.com/preparing-an-autism-friendly-secondary-classroom/},
abstract = {Photo from Ann Memmott www.annsautismblog.com showing what visual hyper-sensitivity can be like in a classroom. As I promised, here are my tips for secondary teachers getting ready for the next school year. There are likely to be a number of autistic students or other {SEND} needs coming into your classes this year and I want […]},
titleaddon = {Reachout {ASC}},
author = {{McCann}, Lynn},
urldate = {2022-11-26},
date = {2020-08-13},
langid = {british},
file = {Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/9G7P8XND/preparing-an-autism-friendly-secondary-classroom.html:text/html},
}
@online{brundin_for_nodate,
title = {For years, the state hasn’t paid its share of what it costs to educate students with disabilities. Now, more money is coming, but is it enough?},
url = {https://www.cpr.org/2022/04/08/colorado-special-education-funding/},
abstract = {Special educators statewide are nervous the money will be used to shore up places in school budgets that were cut to fund special education.},
titleaddon = {Colorado Public Radio},
author = {Brundin, Jenny},
urldate = {2022-11-21},
langid = {english},
file = {Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/MEZDLPLF/colorado-special-education-funding.html:text/html},
}
@book{lemov_teach_2015,
location = {San Francisco},
edition = {Second edition},
title = {Teach like a champion 2.0: 62 techniques that put students on the path to college},
isbn = {978-1-118-90185-4},
shorttitle = {Teach like a champion 2.0},
abstract = {"One of the most influential teaching guides ever--updated!Teach Like a Champion 2.0 is a complete update to the international bestseller. This teaching guide is a must-have for new and experienced teachers alike. Over 700,000 teachers around the world already know how the techniques in this book turn educators into classroom champions. With ideas for everything from classroom management to inspiring student engagement, you will be able to perfect your teaching practice right away.The first edition of Teach Like a Champion influenced thousands of educators because author Doug Lemov's teaching strategies are simple and powerful. Now, updated techniques and tools make it even easier to put students on the path to college readiness. Here are just a few of the brand new resources available in the 2.0 edition: Over 70 new video clips of real teachers modeling the techniques in the classroom A selection of never before seen techniques inspired by top teachers around the world Brand new structure emphasizing the most important techniques and step by step teaching guidelines Updated content reflecting the latest best practices from outstanding educators With the sample lesson plans, videos, and teachlikeachampion.com online community, you will be teaching like a champion in no time. The classroom techniques you'll learn in this book can be adapted to suit any context. Find out why Teach Like a Champion is a "teaching Bible" for so many educators worldwide"--},
pagetotal = {468},
publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
author = {Lemov, Doug},
date = {2015},
keywords = {Academic achievement, College preparation programs, {EDUCATION} / Teaching Methods \& Materials / General, Effective teaching},
}
@book{anonymous_bhagavad_2008,
location = {S.I.},
title = {The Bhagavad Gita},
isbn = {978-1-101-48789-1},
abstract = {A vivid new translation of the jewel of Hindu spirituality One of the glories of Sanskrit poetry, The Bhagavad Gita is the ancient spiritual text that forms a sublime synthesis of the many strands of Hindu belief. Taken from the Mahabharata epic, it details a dialogue between the divine Krishna and the human warrior Arjuna before a mighty battle in which Arjuna must decide whether to wage war against his own family. Krishna imparts spiritual enlightenment to Arjuna, teaching him the paths of knowledge, devotion, action, and meditation, and helping him to see beyond the temporal to the eternal. This new translation captures both the clarity of Hindu philosophy and the beauty of Sanskrit poetry},
publisher = {Penguin Group {USA}, Inc.},
author = {Anonymous},
translator = {Patton, Laurie L.},
date = {2008},
note = {{OCLC}: 1299330382},
file = {[Penguin Classics] Patton, Laurie L - The Bhagavad Gita (2008, Penguin Books) - libgen.li.epub:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/J6GLNWJ9/[Penguin Classics] Patton, Laurie L - The Bhagavad Gita (2008, Penguin Books) - libgen.li.epub:application/epub+zip},
}
@book{laozi_tao_2019,
location = {Boulder},
title = {Tao te ching: a book about the way and the power of the way},
isbn = {978-1-61180-724-0},
shorttitle = {Tao te ching},
abstract = {"Most people know Ursula K. Le Guin for her extraordinary science fiction and fantasy writing. Fewer know just how pervasive Taoist themes are to so much of her work. And in Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching, we are treated to Le Guin's unique take on Taoist philosophy's founding classic. Reflecting more than forty years of Le Guin's personal study and contemplation, her rendering of the text is a brilliant testament to her deep-seated understanding of Taoist principles and their value for our troubled world today. Avoiding traditional patriarchal interpretations, scholarly fixations, and esotericism, she embues the Tao Te Ching with transformative, awe-inspiring power like no other. Also included are Le Guin's personal reflections and notes on the text throughout. To anyone who has enjoyed Le Guin's writing and yearns for a deeper window into her mind--or to all who simply wish to explore the philosophical bedrock that shaped an incredible, historically significant author--Le Guin's Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching will be an incomparable treasure"--},
pagetotal = {126},
publisher = {Shambhala},
author = {Laozi},
translator = {Le Guin, Ursula K. and Seaton, Jerome P.},
date = {2019},
note = {{OCLC}: on1049767172},
keywords = {China, Dao de jing, Dao de jing (Laozi), Laozi, Philosophy, Chinese, Religion, Taoism},
file = {Lao Tzu Tao Te Ching.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/XR2CMH4E/Lao Tzu Tao Te Ching.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{eknath_dhammapada_2007,
location = {Tomales, {CA}},
edition = {2nd ed},
title = {The Dhammapada},
isbn = {978-1-58638-020-5},
series = {The classics of Indian spirituality},
pagetotal = {275},
publisher = {Nilgiri Press},
author = {Gautama, Siddhartha},
translator = {Eknath, Easwaran},
date = {2007},
langid = {english},
file = {Eknath - 2007 - The Dhammapada.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/VSLCVVVJ/Eknath - 2007 - The Dhammapada.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{kong_analects_2010,
location = {New York},
title = {The analects of Confucius},
isbn = {978-0-231-14165-9 978-0-231-14164-2},
series = {Translations from the Asian classics},
pagetotal = {162},
publisher = {Columbia Univ. Press},
author = {Kong, Qiu},
translator = {Watson, Burton},
date = {2010},
file = {[Translations from the Asian Classics] Confucius_ Burton Watson - The Analects of Confucius (2007, Lightning Source Inc. (Tier 3)_ Columbia University Press) - libgen.li.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/BKNVPT25/[Translations from the Asian Classics] Confucius_ Burton Watson - The Analects of Confucius (2007, Lightning Source Inc. (Tier 3)_ Columbia University Press) - libgen.li.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@online{us_news_alameda_nodate,
title = {Alameda International High School in Lakewood, {CO} - {US} News Best High Schools},
url = {https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/colorado/districts/jefferson-county-school-district-no-r-1/alameda-international-high-school-4202},
titleaddon = {{US} News},
author = {{US News}},
langid = {english},
file = {Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/Q2WPCBEE/alameda-international-high-school-4202.html:text/html},
}
@online{noauthor_alameda_nodate,
title = {Alameda High School Home Page},
url = {https://Alameda.jeffcopublicschools.org/home},
urldate = {2022-12-13},
langid = {american},
file = {Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/RMZXJ82K/alameda.jeffcopublicschools.org.html:text/html},
}
@online{greatschools_explore_nodate,
title = {Explore Alameda International High School in Lakewood, {CO}},
url = {https://www.greatschools.org/colorado/lakewood/892-Alameda-International-High-School/},
abstract = {We're an independent nonprofit that provides parents with in-depth school quality information.},
titleaddon = {{GreatSchools}.org},
author = {{GreatSchools}},
urldate = {2022-12-13},
file = {Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/WGANS93R/892-Alameda-International-High-School.html:text/html},
}
@article{weinstein_culturally_2003,
title = {Culturally Responsive Classroom Management: Awareness Into Action},
volume = {42},
issn = {0040-5841, 1543-0421},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15430421tip4204_2},
doi = {10.1207/s15430421tip4204_2},
shorttitle = {Culturally Responsive Classroom Management},
pages = {269--276},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {Theory Into Practice},
shortjournal = {Theory Into Practice},
author = {Weinstein, Carol and Curran, Mary and Tomlinson-Clarke, Saundra},
urldate = {2022-12-18},
date = {2003-11},
langid = {english},
}
@video{holladay_multiculturalism_2013,
title = {Multiculturalism in the Modern World: Jen Holladay at {TEDxDenverTeachers}},
url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5rKgDOs33U},
shorttitle = {Multiculturalism in the Modern World},
author = {Holladay, Jen},
urldate = {2022-12-18},
date = {2013-03-22},
}
@article{harro_cycle_2010,
title = {{THE} {CYCLE} {OF} {SOCIALIZATION}},
author = {Harro, Bobbie},
date = {2010},
langid = {english},
file = {Harro - THE CYCLE OF SOCIALIZATION.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/4MUCTBA5/Harro - THE CYCLE OF SOCIALIZATION.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@online{gorski_understanding_2015,
title = {Understanding Multicultural Curriculum Transformation: A Q \& A with Paul C. Gorski},
url = {http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/curriculum/concept.html},
author = {Gorski, Paul C.},
urldate = {2022-12-18},
date = {2015-02-06},
file = {Multicultural Education - Multicultural Curriculum:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/UUUW5KCP/concept.html:text/html},
}
@article{cumming-mccann_multicultural_2003,
title = {Multicultural Education Connecting Theory to Practice},
pages = {32},
author = {Cumming-{McCann}, Allison},
date = {2003},
langid = {english},
keywords = {⛔ No {DOI} found},
file = {Freeman and Johnson - 2003 - YES! A Literacy Program’s Antiracist Journey.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/APH8JS5V/Freeman and Johnson - 2003 - YES! A Literacy Program’s Antiracist Journey.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@video{adichie_danger_2009,
title = {The danger of a single story},
url = {https://youtu.be/D9Ihs241zeg},
author = {Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi},
date = {2009-10-07},
}
@article{wilson_eusociality_2005,
title = {Eusociality: Origin and consequences},
volume = {102},
issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},
url = {https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0505858102},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0505858102},
shorttitle = {Eusociality},
abstract = {In this new assessment of the empirical evidence, an alternative to the standard model is proposed: group selection is the strong binding force in eusocial evolution; individual selection, the strong dissolutive force; and kin selection (narrowly defined), either a weak binding or weak dissolutive force, according to circumstance. Close kinship may be more a consequence of eusociality than a factor promoting its origin. A point of no return to the solitary state exists, as a rule when workers become anatomically differentiated. Eusociality has been rare in evolution, evidently due to the scarcity of environmental pressures adequate to tip the balance among countervailing forces in favor of group selection. Eusociality in ants and termites in the irreversible stage is the key to their ecological dominance and has (at least in ants) shaped some features of internal phylogeny. Their colonies are consistently superior to solitary and preeusocial competitors, due to the altruistic behavior among nestmates and their ability to organize coordinated action by pheromonal communication.},
pages = {13367--13371},
number = {38},
journaltitle = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
shortjournal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.},
author = {Wilson, Edward O. and Hölldobler, Bert},
urldate = {2022-12-17},
date = {2005-09-20},
langid = {english},
file = {Full Text:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/8A4M6N6C/Wilson and Hölldobler - 2005 - Eusociality Origin and consequences.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{noauthor_northwest_2022,
title = {The Northwest Coast: Complex Hunter-Gatherers, Ecology, and Social Evolution},
date = {2022},
langid = {english},
}
@article{ames_northwest_1994,
title = {The Northwest Coast: Complex Hunter-Gatherers, Ecology, and Social Evolution},
volume = {23},
issn = {0084-6570, 1545-4290},
url = {https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.an.23.100194.001233},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.an.23.100194.001233},
shorttitle = {The Northwest Coast},
pages = {209--229},
number = {1},
journaltitle = {Annual Review of Anthropology},
shortjournal = {Annu. Rev. Anthropol.},
author = {Ames, Kenneth M.},
urldate = {2022-12-17},
date = {1994-10},
langid = {english},
file = {2022 - The Northwest Coast Complex Hunter-Gatherers, Eco.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/R2VSNA9M/2022 - The Northwest Coast Complex Hunter-Gatherers, Eco.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{smith_life_2005,
title = {Life in the Provinces of The Aztec Empire},
volume = {15},
issn = {1048-0943},
url = {https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/life-in-the-provinces-of-the-aztec-2005-01},
doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0105-90sp},
pages = {90--97},
number = {1},
journaltitle = {Scientific American Sp},
shortjournal = {Sci Am},
author = {Smith, Michael E.},
urldate = {2022-12-17},
date = {2005-01},
file = {Smith (2005).pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/HLVUMRPS/Smith (2005).pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{goodman_disease_1985,
title = {Disease and Death at Dr. Dickson's Mounds},
journaltitle = {Natural History},
author = {Goodman, Alan and Armelagos, George},
date = {1985-09},
file = {Goodman and Armelagos (1985).pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/CWFTBMST/Goodman and Armelagos (1985).pdf:application/pdf},
}
@collection{mcanany_questioning_2010,
location = {Cambridge ; New York},
title = {Questioning collapse: human resilience, ecological vulnerability, and the aftermath of empire},
isbn = {978-0-521-51572-6 978-0-521-73366-3},
shorttitle = {Questioning collapse},
pagetotal = {374},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
editor = {{McAnany}, Patricia Ann and Yoffee, Norman},
date = {2010},
note = {{OCLC}: ocn263604792},
keywords = {Civilization, Historical archaeology, History, Human ecology, Imperialism, Political aspects History, Race relations, Regression (Civilization), Resilience (Personality trait), Social archaeology},
file = {Week 10_McAnany and Yoffee (2010).pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/5NBJ9S5P/Week 10_McAnany and Yoffee (2010).pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{arnold_past_1990,
title = {The past as propaganda: totalitarian archaeology in Nazi Germany},
volume = {64},
issn = {0003-598X, 1745-1744},
url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003598X00078376/type/journal_article},
doi = {10.1017/S0003598X00078376},
shorttitle = {The past as propaganda},
abstract = {An important element to the future of archaeology in the ex-Communist countries of central Europe will be the freeing of archaeological ideas from the constraints of a particular set of social theories built into the fabric of the state, as Milisauskas noted in the last {ANTIQUITY} (64: 283–5). This is a timely moment to look at the interference of a different set of social theories in the same region some decades ago},
pages = {464--478},
number = {244},
journaltitle = {Antiquity},
shortjournal = {Antiquity},
author = {Arnold, Bettina},
urldate = {2022-12-17},
date = {1990-09},
langid = {english},
file = {Week 13_Arnold (1992).pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/PHEESILA/Week 13_Arnold (1992).pdf:application/pdf},
}
@misc{muennighoff_crosslingual_2022,
title = {Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Finetuning},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01786},
abstract = {Multitask prompted finetuning ({MTF}) has been shown to help large language models generalize to new tasks in a zero-shot setting, but so far explorations of {MTF} have focused on English data and models. We apply {MTF} to the pretrained multilingual {BLOOM} and {mT}5 model families to produce finetuned variants called {BLOOMZ} and {mT}0. We find finetuning large multilingual language models on English tasks with English prompts allows for task generalization to non-English languages that appear only in the pretraining corpus. Finetuning on multilingual tasks with English prompts further improves performance on English and non-English tasks leading to various state-of-the-art zero-shot results. We also investigate finetuning on multilingual tasks with prompts that have been machine-translated from English to match the language of each dataset. We find training on these machine-translated prompts leads to better performance on human-written prompts in the respective languages. Surprisingly, we find models are capable of zero-shot generalization to tasks in languages they have never intentionally seen. We conjecture that the models are learning higher-level capabilities that are both task- and language-agnostic. In addition, we introduce {xP}3, a composite of supervised datasets in 46 languages with English and machine-translated prompts. Our code, datasets and models are publicly available at https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/xmtf.},
number = {{arXiv}:2211.01786},
publisher = {{arXiv}},
author = {Muennighoff, Niklas and Wang, Thomas and Sutawika, Lintang and Roberts, Adam and Biderman, Stella and Scao, Teven Le and Bari, M. Saiful and Shen, Sheng and Yong, Zheng-Xin and Schoelkopf, Hailey and Tang, Xiangru and Radev, Dragomir and Aji, Alham Fikri and Almubarak, Khalid and Albanie, Samuel and Alyafeai, Zaid and Webson, Albert and Raff, Edward and Raffel, Colin},
urldate = {2022-12-17},
date = {2022-11-03},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {2211.01786 [cs]},
keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning},
file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/ZRJZ3XB5/Muennighoff et al. - 2022 - Crosslingual Generalization through Multitask Fine.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/842CZ4VB/2211.html:text/html},
}
@article{scao_bloom_nodate,
title = {{BLOOM}: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.05100},
author = {Scao, Teven Le and Fan, Angela and Akiki, Christopher and Pavlick, Ellie and Ilic, Suzana and Hesslow, Daniel and Luccioni, Alexandra Sasha and Yvon, Francois and Gallé, Matthias and Tow, Jonathan and Biderman, Stella and Webson, Albert and Ammanamanchi, Pawan Sasanka and Wang, Thomas and Muennighoff, Niklas and {McMillan}-Major, Angelina and Wolf, Thomas and Beltagy, Iz and Nguyen, Huu and Saulnier, Lucile and Suarez, Pedro Ortiz and Sanh, Victor and Laurencon, Hugo and Jernite, Yacine and Launay, Julien and Raffel, Colin},
langid = {english},
file = {Scao et al. - BLOOM A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual L.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/W998Q4L3/Scao et al. - BLOOM A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual L.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{beniaguev_single_2021,
title = {Single cortical neurons as deep artificial neural networks},
volume = {109},
issn = {08966273},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627321005018},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.002},
pages = {2727--2739.e3},
number = {17},
journaltitle = {Neuron},
shortjournal = {Neuron},
author = {Beniaguev, David and Segev, Idan and London, Michael},
urldate = {2022-12-17},
date = {2021-09},
langid = {english},
file = {Full Text:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/PE5W6XQ2/Beniaguev et al. - 2021 - Single cortical neurons as deep artificial neural .pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{gidon_dendritic_2020,
title = {Dendritic action potentials and computation in human layer 2/3 cortical neurons},
volume = {367},
issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aax6239},
doi = {10.1126/science.aax6239},
abstract = {Human dendrites are special
A special developmental program in the human brain drives the disproportionate thickening of cortical layer 2/3. This suggests that the expansion of layer 2/3, along with its numerous neurons and their large dendrites, may contribute to what makes us human. Gidon
et al.
thus investigated the dendritic physiology of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in slices taken from surgically resected brain tissue in epilepsy patients. Dual somatodendritic recordings revealed previously unknown classes of action potentials in the dendrites of these neurons, which make their activity far more complex than has been previously thought. These action potentials allow single neurons to solve two long-standing computational problems in neuroscience that were considered to require multilayer neural networks.
Science
, this issue p.
83
,
Dendritic action potentials extend the repertoire of computations available to human neurons.
,
The active electrical properties of dendrites shape neuronal input and output and are fundamental to brain function. However, our knowledge of active dendrites has been almost entirely acquired from studies of rodents. In this work, we investigated the dendrites of layer 2 and 3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurons of the human cerebral cortex ex vivo. In these neurons, we discovered a class of calcium-mediated dendritic action potentials ({dCaAPs}) whose waveform and effects on neuronal output have not been previously described. In contrast to typical all-or-none action potentials, {dCaAPs} were graded; their amplitudes were maximal for threshold-level stimuli but dampened for stronger stimuli. These {dCaAPs} enabled the dendrites of individual human neocortical pyramidal neurons to classify linearly nonseparable inputs—a computation conventionally thought to require multilayered networks.},
pages = {83--87},
number = {6473},
journaltitle = {Science},
shortjournal = {Science},
author = {Gidon, Albert and Zolnik, Timothy Adam and Fidzinski, Pawel and Bolduan, Felix and Papoutsi, Athanasia and Poirazi, Panayiota and Holtkamp, Martin and Vida, Imre and Larkum, Matthew Evan},
urldate = {2022-12-17},
date = {2020-01-03},
langid = {english},
file = {Submitted Version:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/L2LFIIDD/Gidon et al. - 2020 - Dendritic action potentials and computation in hum.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@misc{vaswani_attention_2017,
title = {Attention Is All You Need},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762},
abstract = {The dominant sequence transduction models are based on complex recurrent or convolutional neural networks in an encoder-decoder configuration. The best performing models also connect the encoder and decoder through an attention mechanism. We propose a new simple network architecture, the Transformer, based solely on attention mechanisms, dispensing with recurrence and convolutions entirely. Experiments on two machine translation tasks show these models to be superior in quality while being more parallelizable and requiring significantly less time to train. Our model achieves 28.4 {BLEU} on the {WMT} 2014 English-to-German translation task, improving over the existing best results, including ensembles by over 2 {BLEU}. On the {WMT} 2014 English-to-French translation task, our model establishes a new single-model state-of-the-art {BLEU} score of 41.8 after training for 3.5 days on eight {GPUs}, a small fraction of the training costs of the best models from the literature. We show that the Transformer generalizes well to other tasks by applying it successfully to English constituency parsing both with large and limited training data.},
number = {{arXiv}:1706.03762},
publisher = {{arXiv}},
author = {Vaswani, Ashish and Shazeer, Noam and Parmar, Niki and Uszkoreit, Jakob and Jones, Llion and Gomez, Aidan N. and Kaiser, Lukasz and Polosukhin, Illia},
urldate = {2022-12-16},
date = {2017-12-05},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {1706.03762 [cs]},
keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning},
file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/TSTDBUMP/Vaswani et al. - 2017 - Attention Is All You Need.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/JWTTW7H4/1706.html:text/html},
}
@misc{hubinger_risks_2021,
title = {Risks from Learned Optimization in Advanced Machine Learning Systems},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.01820},
abstract = {We analyze the type of learned optimization that occurs when a learned model (such as a neural network) is itself an optimizer - a situation we refer to as mesa-optimization, a neologism we introduce in this paper. We believe that the possibility of mesa-optimization raises two important questions for the safety and transparency of advanced machine learning systems. First, under what circumstances will learned models be optimizers, including when they should not be? Second, when a learned model is an optimizer, what will its objective be - how will it differ from the loss function it was trained under - and how can it be aligned? In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of these two primary questions and provide an overview of topics for future research.},
number = {{arXiv}:1906.01820},
publisher = {{arXiv}},
author = {Hubinger, Evan and van Merwijk, Chris and Mikulik, Vladimir and Skalse, Joar and Garrabrant, Scott},
urldate = {2022-12-16},
date = {2021-12-01},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {1906.01820 [cs]},
keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence},
file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/9P2QYK2Q/Hubinger et al. - 2021 - Risks from Learned Optimization in Advanced Machin.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/U5KNW5PT/1906.html:text/html},
}
@misc{bradley_enriched_2021,
title = {An enriched category theory of language: from syntax to semantics},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07890},
shorttitle = {An enriched category theory of language},
abstract = {State of the art language models return a natural language text continuation from any piece of input text. This ability to generate coherent text extensions implies significant sophistication, including a knowledge of grammar and semantics. In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework for passing from probability distributions on extensions of given texts, such as the ones learned by today's large language models, to an enriched category containing semantic information. Roughly speaking, we model probability distributions on texts as a category enriched over the unit interval. Objects of this category are expressions in language, and hom objects are conditional probabilities that one expression is an extension of another. This category is syntactical -- it describes what goes with what. Then, via the Yoneda embedding, we pass to the enriched category of unit interval-valued copresheaves on this syntactical category. This category of enriched copresheaves is semantic -- it is where we find meaning, logical operations such as entailment, and the building blocks for more elaborate semantic concepts.},
number = {{arXiv}:2106.07890},
publisher = {{arXiv}},
author = {Bradley, Tai-Danae and Terilla, John and Vlassopoulos, Yiannis},
urldate = {2022-12-16},
date = {2021-11-17},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {2106.07890 [cs, math]},
keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language, Mathematics - Category Theory},
file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/KYGDESQW/Bradley et al. - 2021 - An enriched category theory of language from synt.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/I44ESPDU/2106.html:text/html},
}
@misc{brown_language_2020,
title = {Language Models are Few-Shot Learners},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165},
abstract = {Recent work has demonstrated substantial gains on many {NLP} tasks and benchmarks by pre-training on a large corpus of text followed by fine-tuning on a specific task. While typically task-agnostic in architecture, this method still requires task-specific fine-tuning datasets of thousands or tens of thousands of examples. By contrast, humans can generally perform a new language task from only a few examples or from simple instructions - something which current {NLP} systems still largely struggle to do. Here we show that scaling up language models greatly improves task-agnostic, few-shot performance, sometimes even reaching competitiveness with prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Specifically, we train {GPT}-3, an autoregressive language model with 175 billion parameters, 10x more than any previous non-sparse language model, and test its performance in the few-shot setting. For all tasks, {GPT}-3 is applied without any gradient updates or fine-tuning, with tasks and few-shot demonstrations specified purely via text interaction with the model. {GPT}-3 achieves strong performance on many {NLP} datasets, including translation, question-answering, and cloze tasks, as well as several tasks that require on-the-fly reasoning or domain adaptation, such as unscrambling words, using a novel word in a sentence, or performing 3-digit arithmetic. At the same time, we also identify some datasets where {GPT}-3's few-shot learning still struggles, as well as some datasets where {GPT}-3 faces methodological issues related to training on large web corpora. Finally, we find that {GPT}-3 can generate samples of news articles which human evaluators have difficulty distinguishing from articles written by humans. We discuss broader societal impacts of this finding and of {GPT}-3 in general.},
number = {{arXiv}:2005.14165},
publisher = {{arXiv}},
author = {Brown, Tom B. and Mann, Benjamin and Ryder, Nick and Subbiah, Melanie and Kaplan, Jared and Dhariwal, Prafulla and Neelakantan, Arvind and Shyam, Pranav and Sastry, Girish and Askell, Amanda and Agarwal, Sandhini and Herbert-Voss, Ariel and Krueger, Gretchen and Henighan, Tom and Child, Rewon and Ramesh, Aditya and Ziegler, Daniel M. and Wu, Jeffrey and Winter, Clemens and Hesse, Christopher and Chen, Mark and Sigler, Eric and Litwin, Mateusz and Gray, Scott and Chess, Benjamin and Clark, Jack and Berner, Christopher and {McCandlish}, Sam and Radford, Alec and Sutskever, Ilya and Amodei, Dario},
urldate = {2022-12-16},
date = {2020-07-22},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {2005.14165 [cs]},
keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language},
file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/N2QC28YI/Brown et al. - 2020 - Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/PTVNZ2IG/2005.html:text/html},
}
@misc{hoffmann_training_2022,
title = {Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.15556},
abstract = {We investigate the optimal model size and number of tokens for training a transformer language model under a given compute budget. We find that current large language models are significantly undertrained, a consequence of the recent focus on scaling language models whilst keeping the amount of training data constant. By training over {\textbackslash}nummodels language models ranging from 70 million to over 16 billion parameters on 5 to 500 billion tokens, we find that for compute-optimal training, the model size and the number of training tokens should be scaled equally: for every doubling of model size the number of training tokens should also be doubled. We test this hypothesis by training a predicted compute-optimal model, {\textbackslash}chinchilla, that uses the same compute budget as {\textbackslash}gopher but with 70B parameters and 4\${\textbackslash}times\$ more more data. {\textbackslash}chinchilla uniformly and significantly outperforms {\textbackslash}Gopher (280B), {GPT}-3 (175B), Jurassic-1 (178B), and Megatron-Turing {NLG} (530B) on a large range of downstream evaluation tasks. This also means that {\textbackslash}chinchilla uses substantially less compute for fine-tuning and inference, greatly facilitating downstream usage. As a highlight, {\textbackslash}chinchilla reaches a state-of-the-art average accuracy of 67.5{\textbackslash}\% on the {MMLU} benchmark, greater than a 7{\textbackslash}\% improvement over {\textbackslash}gopher.},
number = {{arXiv}:2203.15556},
publisher = {{arXiv}},
author = {Hoffmann, Jordan and Borgeaud, Sebastian and Mensch, Arthur and Buchatskaya, Elena and Cai, Trevor and Rutherford, Eliza and Casas, Diego de Las and Hendricks, Lisa Anne and Welbl, Johannes and Clark, Aidan and Hennigan, Tom and Noland, Eric and Millican, Katie and Driessche, George van den and Damoc, Bogdan and Guy, Aurelia and Osindero, Simon and Simonyan, Karen and Elsen, Erich and Rae, Jack W. and Vinyals, Oriol and Sifre, Laurent},
urldate = {2022-12-16},
date = {2022-03-29},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {2203.15556 [cs]},
keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning},
file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/F2W4IAIM/Hoffmann et al. - 2022 - Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/EMUK2KZJ/2203.html:text/html},
}
@book{cummings_proofs_2021,
location = {Wrocław},
title = {Proofs: a long-form mathematics textbook},
isbn = {9798595265973},
shorttitle = {Proofs},
pagetotal = {501},
publisher = {Amazon Fulfillment},
author = {Cummings, Jay},
date = {2021},
file = {Jay Cummings - Proofs_ A Long-Form Mathematics Textbook (The Long-Form Math Textbook Series) (2021, Independently published) - libgen.li.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/2NFL86IR/Jay Cummings - Proofs_ A Long-Form Mathematics Textbook (The Long-Form Math Textbook Series) (2021, Independently published) - libgen.li.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{tao_analysis_2006,
location = {New Delhi},
title = {Analysis},
isbn = {978-81-85931-62-3 978-81-85931-63-0},
series = {Texts and readings in mathematics},
number = {37-38},
publisher = {Hindustan book agency},
author = {Tao, Terence},
date = {2006},
langid = {english},
file = {Tao - 2006 - Analysis.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/2KPTPVLY/Tao - 2006 - Analysis.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{rudin_real_1987,
location = {New York},
edition = {3rd ed},
title = {Real and complex analysis},
isbn = {978-0-07-054234-1},
pagetotal = {416},
publisher = {{McGraw}-Hill},
author = {Rudin, Walter},
date = {1987},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Mathematical analysis},
file = {Rudin - 1987 - Real and complex analysis.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/PWVYKIK6/Rudin - 1987 - Real and complex analysis.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@misc{almeida_equidivisibility_2022,
title = {Equidivisibility and profinite coproduct},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.13421},
abstract = {The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of equidivisibility under coproduct in the category of pro-\${\textbackslash}mathsf\{V\}\$ semigroups, where \${\textbackslash}mathsf\{V\}\$ is a pseudovariety of finite semigroups. Exploring the relationship with the two-sided Karnofsky--Rhodes expansion, the notions of {KR}-cover and strong {KR}-cover for profinite semigroups are introduced. The former is stronger than equidivisibility and the latter provides a characterization of equidivisible profinite semigroups with an extra mild condition, so-called letter super-cancellativity. Furthermore, under the assumption that \${\textbackslash}mathsf\{V\}\$ is closed under two-sided Karnofsky--Rhodes expansion, closure of some classes of equidivisible pro-\${\textbackslash}mathsf\{V\}\$ semigroups under(finite) \${\textbackslash}mathsf\{V\}\$-coproduct is established.},
number = {{arXiv}:2206.13421},
publisher = {{arXiv}},
author = {Almeida, Jorge and Costa, Alfredo},
urldate = {2022-12-09},
date = {2022-06-27},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {2206.13421 [math]},
keywords = {20M07, 20M05, Mathematics - Group Theory},
file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/8AQJ8CG6/Almeida and Costa - 2022 - Equidivisibility and profinite coproduct.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/5TGD9SG6/2206.html:text/html},
}
@book{sakarovitch_elements_2009,
location = {Cambridge ; New York},
title = {Elements of automata theory},
isbn = {978-0-521-84425-3},
pagetotal = {758},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
author = {Sakarovitch, Jacques},
translator = {Thomas, Reuben},
date = {2009},
note = {{OCLC}: ocn148830849},
keywords = {Automata math, Automata theory, Automatentheorie, Formal language, Machine theory},
file = {Sakarovitch and Thomas - Elements of Automata Theory.pdf:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/TCCB96B7/Sakarovitch and Thomas - Elements of Automata Theory.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@book{henle_combinatorial_1994,
location = {New York},
edition = {Unabridged and corr. republication},
title = {A combinatorial introduction to topology},
isbn = {978-0-486-67966-2},
publisher = {Dover publ},
author = {Henle, Michael},
date = {1994},
}
@video{roy_when_2016,
title = {When we design for disability, we all benefit},
url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2m97gPI70I},
publisher = {{TED}},
author = {Roy, Elise},
urldate = {2022-12-05},
date = {2016-08-16},
}
@article{sram_impact_2017,
title = {The impact of air pollution to central nervous system in children and adults},
volume = {38},
issn = {0172-780X},
abstract = {The aim of this paper was to review studies analyzing the associations between air pollution and neurodevelopment in children as well as the effect on adult population. Effect of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ({PAHs}, benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P) were already studied on cohorts from New York, Poland, China, and Spain. All results indicate changes of child behavior and neurodevelopment at the age of 3-9 years, decrease of {IQ}, increase of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ({ADHD}), decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor ({BDNF}), reduction of left hemisphere white matter. Effect of traffic-related air pollution ({TRAP}) to neurobehavioral development in children, measured as {PM}2.5 (particulate matter {\textless}2.5 µm), {PM}10, elemental carbon ({EC}), black smoke ({BC}), {NO}2, {NOx}, were studied in {USA}, Spain, Italy, and South Korea. Increased concentrations of {TRAP} were associated with the increase of {ADHD}, autism, affected cognitive development; {PM}2.5 decreased the expression of {BDNF} in placenta. Increased concentrations of {PM}2.5 affected adults cognition (episodic memory), increased major depressive disorders. Increased concentrations of {NO}2 were associated with dementia, {NOx} with Parkinson's disease. Increased concentrations of {PAHs}, {PM}2.5 and {NO}2 in polluted air significantly affect central nervous system in children and adults and represent a significant risk factor for human health.},
pages = {389--396},
number = {6},
journaltitle = {Neuro Endocrinology Letters},
shortjournal = {Neuro Endocrinol Lett},
author = {Sram, Radim J. and Veleminsky, Milos and Veleminsky, Milos and Stejskalová, Jana},
date = {2017-12},
pmid = {29298278},
keywords = {Adult, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Central Nervous System, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development, Cognition, Environmental Exposure, Humans, White Matter},
}
@article{jung_air_2013,
title = {Air Pollution and Newly Diagnostic Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan},
volume = {8},
issn = {1932-6203},
url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075510},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0075510},
shorttitle = {Air Pollution and Newly Diagnostic Autism Spectrum Disorders},
pages = {e75510},
number = {9},
journaltitle = {{PLoS} {ONE}},
shortjournal = {{PLoS} {ONE}},
author = {Jung, Chau-Ren and Lin, Yu-Ting and Hwang, Bing-Fang},
editor = {Yoshikawa, Takeo},
urldate = {2022-12-05},
date = {2013-09-25},
langid = {english},
file = {Full Text:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/PXHEK4B4/Jung et al. - 2013 - Air Pollution and Newly Diagnostic Autism Spectrum.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{kloosterman_types_2013,
title = {Types and experiences of bullying in adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder},
volume = {7},
issn = {17509467},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S175094671300038X},
doi = {10.1016/j.rasd.2013.02.013},
pages = {824--832},
number = {7},
journaltitle = {Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders},
shortjournal = {Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders},
author = {Kloosterman, Patricia H. and Kelley, Elizabeth A. and Craig, Wendy M. and Parker, James D.A. and Javier, Christine},
urldate = {2022-12-05},
date = {2013-07},
langid = {english},
}
@article{kirby_20year_2019,
title = {A 20‐year study of suicide death in a statewide autism population},
volume = {12},
issn = {1939-3792, 1939-3806},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aur.2076},
doi = {10.1002/aur.2076},
pages = {658--666},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {Autism Research},
shortjournal = {Autism Research},
author = {Kirby, Anne V. and Bakian, Amanda V. and Zhang, Yue and Bilder, Deborah A. and Keeshin, Brooks R. and Coon, Hilary},
urldate = {2022-12-05},
date = {2019-04},
langid = {english},
file = {Full Text:/home/nicole/Zotero/storage/VG2V6PTN/Kirby et al. - 2019 - A 20‐year study of suicide death in a statewide au.pdf:application/pdf},
}
@article{richa_suicide_2014,
title = {Suicide in Autism Spectrum Disorders},
volume = {18},
issn = {1381-1118, 1543-6136},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13811118.2013.824834},
doi = {10.1080/13811118.2013.824834},
pages = {327--339},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {Archives of Suicide Research},
shortjournal = {Archives of Suicide Research},
author = {Richa, Sami and Fahed, Mario and Khoury, Elias and Mishara, Brian},
urldate = {2022-12-05},
date = {2014-10-02},
langid = {english},
}
@book{meyer_universal_2014,
location = {Wakefield, {MA}},
title = {Universal design for learning: theory and practice},
isbn = {978-0-9898674-0-5 978-0-9898674-2-9},
shorttitle = {Universal design for learning},
pagetotal = {234},
publisher = {{CAST} Professional Publishing},
author = {Meyer, Anne and Rose, David H. and Gordon, David},
date = {2014},
}
@article{slade_satisfaction_2018,
title = {Satisfaction With Individualized Education Programs Among Parents of Young Children With {ASD}},
volume = {84},
issn = {0014-4029, 2163-5560},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0014402917742923},
doi = {10.1177/0014402917742923},