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Win10系统下的Windows Terminal+WSL配置指南.html
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Win10系统下的Windows Terminal+WSL配置指南
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<p>在计算机学习的过程中，我们常常会纠结于 Windows、Linux 和 Mac OS 的选择。Mac OS X 凭借其出色的GUI与天然的 Unix-like 环境，倍受程序猿欢迎。但对于大部分同学来说，Macbook 系列的价格较为高昂，因而也自然无法接触到 Mac OS X 了。那么开发环境的选择一般就只剩下纯 Windows、Windows+虚拟机 和 Windows+双系统了。纯Windows环境往往会增加折腾过程的难度，同时Windows 老旧的命令行界面也让人不那么提得起劲。（<del>毕竟好看才是第一生产力</del>）后两种固然能够体验最纯粹的 Gnu/Linux 环境，但虚拟机的启动等待和系统的切换等待让这一过程显得不那么顺滑。</p>
<p>那么，有没有一种方法能让我们能够顺滑高效地体验Linux的魅力呢？</p>
<p>有！那就是上手微软的 <strong>Windows Terminal</strong> 和 <strong>Windows Subsystem for Linux</strong>（WSL）了！<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<hr>
<h2 id="Why-Windows-Terminal-and-WSL？"><a href="#Why-Windows-Terminal-and-WSL？" class="headerlink" title="Why Windows Terminal and WSL？"></a>Why Windows Terminal and WSL？</h2><p>微软的 Windows Terminal 发布于2019年，它是一个现代的终端工具，集成了 CMD、PowerShell、WSL 这三大环境，同时还内置了SSH 客户端，让用户能够在同一个窗口中<strong>顺滑</strong>地使用不同的环境与工具。</p>
<p>而 WSL 则是内嵌于 Windows 的 Linux 子系统，它允许开发人员直接在Windows系统中”套娃”运行一个 GNU/Linux 环境，在其中你可以使用各类的命令行工具和应用程序，避免使用虚拟机或双系统设置的庞大开销。WSL 2 则是 WSL 的升级版本，它提供了完整的 Linux 内核，提升了文件 IO 性能，并支持 Docker 的使用，不过这也导致了其跨 OS 文件系统的性能不如 WSL 1， 即在访问 Windows 的文件系统时会比 WSL 1慢一点。</p>
<p>个人认为，如果想体验较为纯正的 Linux 环境，并且希望在其中获得更好的 IO 性能，推荐使用 WSL2。但若有跨 OS 使用文件的需求，则可以考虑 WSL 1。如果暂时还没有考虑好自己的需求的话，任意选择一个先折腾起来也不要紧，因为WSL可以很方便地在1、2版本间切换（后面会提到）。</p>
<p>下面贴一张微软官网上的 WSL 1和 WSL 2的性能对比图：</p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/53aef1cc2413b3fe50469c5e3a38723.png" alt="比较WSL 1和WSL 2"></p>
<hr>
<h2 id="Windows-Terminal安装与初步体验"><a href="#Windows-Terminal安装与初步体验" class="headerlink" title="Windows Terminal安装与初步体验"></a>Windows Terminal安装与初步体验</h2><p>在安装之前，请先 Win+R 并键入winver来确认自己 Win10 版本，<strong>Windows Terminal的最低要求为 Win 10-18362 及以上的版本</strong>，而后续 <strong>WSL 2 的安装则至少需要Win 10-2004-19041版本</strong>，如果版本过低，请先进行系统更新。如系统无法自动升级，可以通过<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWljcm9zb2Z0LmNvbS96aC1jbi9zb2Z0d2FyZS1kb3dubG9hZC93aW5kb3dzMTA=">Microsoft的升级助手<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>升级版本。在这里，我建议最好确保电脑升级到了 Win10-2004-19041版本，否则无法体验 WSL 2（笔者成功更新到2004版本之前系统还是一年前的1903版本，更新后一切正常，所以大家可以放心~）</p>
<p>折腾完更新后，我们马上来安装Windows Terminal，安装过程十分简单，只需要在电脑上打开<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9ha2EubXMvdGVybWluYWw=">Microsoft Store<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>（微软商店），搜索Windows Terminal并安装即可。安装完启动，便可以愉快地玩耍啦！</p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/1342f00573e07513d603a8fa7dc2251.png" alt="Terminal"></p>
<p>从图中我们可以看到，在 Windows Terminal 中通过选项卡我们可以随意切换 Powershell、CMD、WSL 等多个环境。使用快捷键Ctrl+Shift+1/2/3/4…可以快速地打开不同的窗口，使用 Alt+shift+减号（加号）可以实现水平（垂直）分屏。通过 settings.json 文件，我们还可以让 Terminal 变得更酷，在本文的第四点将进行详细的描述。</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="WSL-Ubuntu-18-04安装与体验"><a href="#WSL-Ubuntu-18-04安装与体验" class="headerlink" title="WSL-Ubuntu 18.04安装与体验"></a>WSL-Ubuntu 18.04安装与体验</h2><p>安装完 Windows Terminal 后，下一步我们来安装 WSL 。正常情况下，微软商店会默认将WSL下载到系统驱动器中（也就是大部分人容量较少的C盘），如果你目前的C盘空间不是很足（少于50G），那么我建议你按照下面的步骤来将WSL安装在其他位置。</p>
<h3 id="启用系统中的WSL和虚拟机平台功能"><a href="#启用系统中的WSL和虚拟机平台功能" class="headerlink" title="启用系统中的WSL和虚拟机平台功能"></a>启用系统中的WSL和虚拟机平台功能</h3><p>首先以管理员模式启动 Powershell，其后分别输入以下代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dism.exe /online /<span class="built_in">enable-feature</span> /featurename:Microsoft<span class="literal">-Windows</span><span class="literal">-Subsystem</span><span class="literal">-Linux</span> /all /norestart</span><br><span class="line">dism.exe /online /<span class="built_in">enable-feature</span> /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>上文的第一串代码是开启系统的 WSL 功能，第二串则是开启 ”虚拟机平台“ 可选组件，重启电脑后两项功能便已打开。</p>
<h3 id="安装Linux分发版到电脑的任意位置"><a href="#安装Linux分发版到电脑的任意位置" class="headerlink" title="安装Linux分发版到电脑的任意位置"></a>安装Linux分发版到电脑的任意位置</h3><p>（写在前面：如果你觉得将WSL安装在系统盘问题也不大，那么可以直接在微软应用商店中安装你想要的WSL版本，完成密码设置后即可跳到下一步）</p>
<p>由于我们需要跳开默认的安装位置，因此我们需要手动安装一下 Linux 分发版。首先，我们从<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb20vemgtY24vd2luZG93cy93c2wvaW5zdGFsbC1tYW51YWw=">微软的文档<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>中找到可供手动下载的WSL目录，选择自己需要的版本（Ubuntu、Debian、Kali等），下载其对应的.appx文件。第二步，将下载好的以.appx后缀结尾的文件更名为.zip文件，之后解压到你自定义的位置（系统盘或非系统盘）。最后，点击解压后出现以分发版本命名的.exe文件（比如，下载的是Ubuntu-18.04版本，则对应文件名为 “ubuntu1804.exe”），等待安装完成后，输入你的账户和密码，便完成了 WSL 的初步安装！</p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/image-20200813162244438.png" alt="Ubuntu"></p>
<p>（PS: 如果你在设定或输入密码时屏幕没有显示，请不要担心，这是正常现象，想进一步了解该密码的作用可戳<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb20vemgtY24vd2luZG93cy93c2wvdXNlci1zdXBwb3J0">这里<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>）</p>
<h3 id="在Windows-Terminal中管理与体验WSL"><a href="#在Windows-Terminal中管理与体验WSL" class="headerlink" title="在Windows Terminal中管理与体验WSL"></a>在Windows Terminal中管理与体验WSL</h3><p>Win+R+输入wt快速打开Windows Terminal后，在Powershell中通过以下的命令来管理我们的WSL。</p>
<figure class="highlight powershell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 检查分配给每个已安装的 Linux 分发版的 WSL 版本</span></span><br><span class="line">wsl -<span class="literal">-list</span> -<span class="literal">-verbose</span> <span class="comment"># 等同于wsl -l -v</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 将某个Linux分发版设置为受某一 WSL 版本</span></span><br><span class="line">wsl -<span class="literal">-set</span><span class="literal">-version</span> <Linux 分发版的名称> <版本号：<span class="number">1</span>、<span class="number">2</span>></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 将WSL 2设置为默认Linux分发版的默认版本</span></span><br><span class="line">wsl -<span class="literal">-set</span><span class="literal">-default</span><span class="literal">-version</span> <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 再次提醒，以上三条命令中的后两条需要用到WSL 2，而WSL 2仅支持Win10 2004以上的版本（前文第二点已提到）</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>完成以上的设定后，点击选项卡中的下拉框，选择安装好的WSL版本便可以开始愉快的玩耍啦~可以看到，原来Windows中的文件均被挂载到了/mnt 目录下（C盘在 /mnt/c，D盘在 /mnt/d，依此类推），我们可以很方便地进行跨文件系统的访问。</p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/image-20200814230639846.png" alt="image-20200814230639846"></p>
<p>到了这里，Windows Terminal和WSL的基本配置就已经完成了！如果你想进一步对Windows Terminal和WSL进行美化（如上图），那么强烈建议你继续阅读下一部分内容。</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="WSL美化与Windows-Terminal美化"><a href="#WSL美化与Windows-Terminal美化" class="headerlink" title="WSL美化与Windows Terminal美化"></a>WSL美化与Windows Terminal美化</h2><h3 id="安装-oh-my-zsh"><a href="#安装-oh-my-zsh" class="headerlink" title="安装 oh-my-zsh"></a>安装 oh-my-zsh</h3><p>为了让WSL的shell界面变得更加美观，笔者推荐安装 <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL29obXl6c2gvb2hteXpzaA==">oh-my-zsh<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>，它是一款针对zsh终端的扩展框架，支持配置多种插件与主题来丰富我们的终端。</p>
<p>首先，我们需要安装zsh来作为我们的 shell，打开 WSL，键入以下代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install zsh # Ubuntu下安装zsh，安装后重启wsl</span><br><span class="line">echo $SHELL # 查看当前使用的shell是否为zsh</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 如果显示为/usr/bin/zsh，则代表安装成功，否则使用以下命令切换为zsh</span></span><br><span class="line">chsh -s /bin/zsh # 将shell切换为zsh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>之后，我们通过curl来安装下载oh-my-zsh。(如果遇到了无法下载Github文件的问题，可以参考一下<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGlsZWl5ZS5jb20vODM1">这一篇文章<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>来修改host文件)</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>安装的过程中需要获取一些权限，输入y（yes）就好。安装完成后，等待WSL自动重启，此时便用上了oh-my-zsh。</p>
<h3 id="配置使用-oh-my-zsh"><a href="#配置使用-oh-my-zsh" class="headerlink" title="配置使用 oh-my-zsh"></a>配置使用 oh-my-zsh</h3><p>上一步的折腾成功后，我们就离WSL美化大功告成只差一步了。首先，进入WSL，运行以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 利用vim编辑器打开zsh配置文件</span></span><br><span class="line">vim ~/.zshrc</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 修改oh-my-zsh的主题，这里推荐使用agnoster主题（也可选择其他）</span></span><br><span class="line">ZSH_THEME="agnoster"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 保存文件后退出回到Shell，然后输入</span></span><br><span class="line">source ~/.zshrc</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>以上的操作要求对Vim的使用有所了解，如果你第一次接触Vim，不妨先快速浏览一下这篇<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamlhbnNodS5jb20vcC84YjY3OWIzNWM5ZDU=">文章<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>。</p>
<p>修改完主题后，因为缺少一个合适的字体，所以主题的图标显示有所异常。因此，我们需要安装一下<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL3Bvd2VybGluZS9mb250cw==">powerline<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>字体到我们的<strong>Windows系统</strong>中（非WSL）来解决这个问题。</p>
<p>我们可以根据 Github 的指引，在 Powershell 中使用git来安装。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 下载</span></span><br><span class="line">git clone https://github.com/powerline/fonts.git --depth=1</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> install</span></span><br><span class="line">cd fonts # git clone的文件夹</span><br><span class="line">./install.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果你不太熟悉git安装，也可以下载仓库的zip文件，解压后双击运行文件夹中的 “install.sh”文件或者“install.ps1”文件即可。</p>
<p>安装完字体后，我们再次进入Windows Terminal，在下拉框中选择设置。</p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/image-20200813234409331.png" alt="设置"></p>
<p>进入设置文件 “settings.json” 后，找到 “profiles” 字段下的 “list” 字段，在WSL配置模块中增加或修改 <code>fontFace</code> 字段为你想要的字体名称。（字体名称改为刚刚安装好的 Powerline 字体中的一种，我使用的是DejaVu Sans Mono for Powerline字体）</p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/image-20200813235847851.png" alt="设置"></p>
<p>VS Code中使用WSL也会出现乱码情况，解决的方法类似，也是下载字体与修改配置。因为篇幅有限，关于VS Code下的 WSL 配置就不展开叙述了，详情可参考这两个链接：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb20vemgtY24vd2luZG93cy93c2wvdHV0b3JpYWxzL3dzbC12c2NvZGU=">适用于WSL的VS Code入门<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>和<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly96aHVhbmxhbi56aGlodS5jb20vcC82ODMzNjY4NQ==">解决VS Code中的WSL乱码<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>。</p>
<p>如果想要WSL更酷炫一点，可以进行<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2R5bGFuYXJhcHMvbmVvZmV0Y2g=">neofetch<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>的配置，Ubuntu中的操作如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Ubuntu下安装neofetch</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install neofetch</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 利用vim编辑器打开zsh配置文件</span></span><br><span class="line">vim ~/.zshrc</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 在配置文件中主题行的后一行添加neofetch（在文件的末尾加也可以）</span></span><br><span class="line">ZSH_THEME="agnoster"</span><br><span class="line">neofetch</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="安装zsh常用插件"><a href="#安装zsh常用插件" class="headerlink" title="安装zsh常用插件"></a>安装zsh常用插件</h3><p>zsh中有许多优秀的插件帮助我们提高效率，下面介绍两个常用插件的安装流程，分别是语法高亮插件和自动提示插件。首先，将当前路径切换到 plugins 目录中。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>之后，我们用git下载这两款插件到 WSL 中。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> git下载 zsh-syntax-highlighting</span></span><br><span class="line">git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> git下载 zsh-autosuggestions</span></span><br><span class="line">git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>下载完成后，我们修改一下zsh的配置文件，使插件生效。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 首先用vim进入.zshrc配置文件</span></span><br><span class="line">vim ~/.zshrc</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 之后利用vim编辑文件为</span></span><br><span class="line">plugins=(</span><br><span class="line"> zsh-syntax-highlighting</span><br><span class="line"> zsh-autosuggestions</span><br><span class="line"> )</span><br><span class="line">source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh</span><br><span class="line">source $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh</span><br><span class="line">source $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>配置好oh-my-zsh并安装好插件后，WSL方面的美化工作就基本完成啦！！最终，我们的WSL变成下图所示的样子。（<del>真香！</del>）</p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/image-20200814104151498.png" alt="WSL Final"></p>
<h3 id="Windows-Terminal-美化"><a href="#Windows-Terminal-美化" class="headerlink" title="Windows Terminal 美化"></a>Windows Terminal 美化</h3><p> Windows Terminal的配置文件是一个 JSON 格式的文件，它支持我们对Terminal进行大规模地自定义，关于该 JSON 的一切信息都可以在<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb20vemgtY24vd2luZG93cy90ZXJtaW5hbC9jdXN0b21pemUtc2V0dGluZ3MvZ2xvYmFsLXNldHRpbmdz">微软文档<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>中找到。下面我们来看看设置文件中最主要的部分，并简要介绍前三部分。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>全局设置：位于 JSON 文件的最顶端，主要用于设置Windows Terminal的亮暗主题、和启动时的默认环境</p>
</li>
<li><p>环境入口 <code>profiles</code>：其中包含defaults和list两个字段，defaults中的设置默认对所有的环境生效，list中可以对每个环境进行细化的定义，这些定义会覆盖defaluts中的内容。</p>
</li>
<li><p>配色方案 <code>schemes</code>：这里可以自定义多个主题配色，在profiles中可以为不同的环境分配不同的配色。</p>
</li>
<li><p>键绑定 <code>keybindings</code>：自定义多种快捷键。</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>全局设置</strong>中，都是一些Terminal里的宏观设置，比较重要的有这两项：</p>
</li>
<li><p>亮暗主题设置：<code>"theme":"system"(default)、"dark"、"light"</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>初始配置：<code>"defaultProfile":"{默认为Powershell的GUID}"</code>，其中 GUID 为不同环境的唯一标识码，可以在 profiles 中的 list 找到你想默认启动的环境，将其GUID作为defaultProfile的值。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p> 在环境入口<strong>profiles</strong>中，各个环境通用的设置可以放在defaults字段中，而每个环境特定的配置可以在 list 中准确定义。（字体、背景、配色方案等，详情可看<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb20vemgtY24vd2luZG93cy90ZXJtaW5hbC9jdXN0b21pemUtc2V0dGluZ3MvcHJvZmlsZS1zZXR0aW5ncw==">这里<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>）</p>
<p> 我在Profiles中使用的配置项有这些，其中的照片、图标、字体、颜色主题等可以自行更换。</p>
<figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">"useAcrylic": true, // 推荐启用毛玻璃</span><br><span class="line">"acrylicOpacity": 0.6, // 启用毛玻璃后，可调整背景透明度</span><br><span class="line">"icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{9acb9455-ca41-5af7-950f-6bca1bc9722f}.png", //图标</span><br><span class="line">"backgroundImage": "C:\\Users\\13359\\Pictures\\Camera Roll\\wolf.png", //背景图片</span><br><span class="line">"backgroundImageOpacity": 0.3, //图片透明度</span><br><span class="line">"backgroundImageStretchMode": "fill", //填充模式</span><br><span class="line">"fontFace": "DejaVu Sans Mono for Powerline", //字体种类</span><br><span class="line">"suppressApplicationTitle": true,//固定选项卡中的标题</span><br><span class="line">"fontSize": 12, //文字大小</span><br><span class="line">"colorScheme": "cyberpunk", //主题，与schemes中的名称对应</span><br><span class="line">"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF", //光标颜色</span><br><span class="line">"cursorShape": "vintage", //光标形状</span><br><span class="line">"startingDirectory":"C://" //起始目录</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在配色方案schemes中，我们可以定义多个不同的颜色主题，并在不同的环境中运用不同的颜色主题，以获取最适合自己的终端体验。以下代码是两种配色方案的定义，其中 <code>name</code>用于命名配色方案，并用于赋值给环境设置中的<code>colorScheme</code>字段。关于更多配色方案的选取可以参照Iterm2-color-schemes的<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9pdGVybTJjb2xvcnNjaGVtZXMuY29tLw==">网站<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>和<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL21iYWRvbGF0by9pVGVybTItQ29sb3ItU2NoZW1lcw==">Github<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span>。</p>
<figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">"schemes": [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"name"</span>: <span class="string">"cyberpunk"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"black"</span>: <span class="string">"#000000"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"red"</span>: <span class="string">"#ff7092"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"green"</span>: <span class="string">"#00fbac"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"yellow"</span>: <span class="string">"#fffa6a"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"blue"</span>: <span class="string">"#00bfff"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"purple"</span>: <span class="string">"#df95ff"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"cyan"</span>: <span class="string">"#86cbfe"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"white"</span>: <span class="string">"#ffffff"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightBlack"</span>: <span class="string">"#647da1"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightRed"</span>: <span class="string">"#ff8aa4"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightGreen"</span>: <span class="string">"#21f6bc"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightYellow"</span>: <span class="string">"#fff787"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightBlue"</span>: <span class="string">"#1bccfd"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightPurple"</span>: <span class="string">"#e6aefe"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightCyan"</span>: <span class="string">"#99d6fc"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightWhite"</span>: <span class="string">"#ffffff"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"background"</span>: <span class="string">"#332a57"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"foreground"</span>: <span class="string">"#e5e5e5"</span></span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"name"</span>: <span class="string">"DimmedMonokai"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"black"</span>: <span class="string">"#3a3d43"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"red"</span>: <span class="string">"#be3f48"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"green"</span>: <span class="string">"#879a3b"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"yellow"</span>: <span class="string">"#c5a635"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"blue"</span>: <span class="string">"#4f76a1"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"purple"</span>: <span class="string">"#855c8d"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"cyan"</span>: <span class="string">"#578fa4"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"white"</span>: <span class="string">"#b9bcba"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightBlack"</span>: <span class="string">"#368bfa"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightRed"</span>: <span class="string">"#eb001f"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightGreen"</span>: <span class="string">"#0f722f"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightYellow"</span>: <span class="string">"#eef107"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightBlue"</span>: <span class="string">"#428ffa"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightPurple"</span>: <span class="string">"#fb0067"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightCyan"</span>: <span class="string">"#2e706d"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"brightWhite"</span>: <span class="string">"#fdffb9"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"background"</span>: <span class="string">"#1f1f1f"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"foreground"</span>: <span class="string">"#b9bcba"</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ],</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我将上面的两种配色方案分别应用在 Powershell 和 WSL 中，这个操作十分简单，只需要在 profiles 的 list 中将不同颜色主题的名字分别赋值到 Powershell 和 WSL 中的 <code>colorScheme</code>中即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/image-20200814231326728.png" alt="image-20200814231326728"></p>
<p>到了这里，我们 Windows Terminal 和 WSL 的美化工作就<strong>大功告成</strong>啦！！最终的成果请参看下图~</p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/image-20200814161425692.png" alt="Powershell"></p>
<p><img src="https://charfole-blog.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/image/image-20200814161521972.png" alt="WSL"></p>
<hr>
<h2 id="结语与相关链接"><a href="#结语与相关链接" class="headerlink" title="结语与相关链接"></a>结语与相关链接</h2><p>感谢你看到这里，这篇文章是我断断续续构（mo）思（yu）了两三天才写好的，如果它对你有一点小小的帮助，那就是我最大的欣慰了。同时，这也是我第一次写这么详细的技术分享文章，因此难免会有一些纰漏出现。如果你发现了有疑问或者有错误的地方，不妨在在下方讨论或指出，<strong>再次感谢！</strong></p>
<p>在撰写文章时，我从很多地方获得了帮助与指引，如果你想了解更多关于 Windows Terminal 和 WSL 的内容，可以浏览以下链接：</p>
<ul>
<li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb20vemgtY24vd2luZG93cy90ZXJtaW5hbC8=">微软 Windows Terminal 使用文档<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li>
<li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb20vemgtY24vd2luZG93cy93c2wv">微软 WSL 使用文档<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li>
<li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9zc3BhaS5jb20vcG9zdC81OTM4MA==">少数派：Windows Terminal 自定义教程<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li>
<li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly96aHVhbmxhbi56aGlodS5jb20vcC82ODMzNjY4NQ==">知乎：WSL + oh-my-zsh 配置教程<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li>
<li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9qdWVqaW4uaW0vZW50cnkvNjg0NDkwMzg0Nzc5NDU3MzMxOQ==">掘金：WSL 美化<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li>
<li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnVub29iLmNvbS9saW51eC9saW51eC12aW0uaHRtbA==">菜鸟教程：vim 的使用<i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></li>
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<div class="post-toc motion-element"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#Why-Windows-Terminal-and-WSL？"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">Why Windows Terminal and WSL？</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#Windows-Terminal安装与初步体验"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">Windows Terminal安装与初步体验</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#WSL-Ubuntu-18-04安装与体验"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">WSL-Ubuntu 18.04安装与体验</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#启用系统中的WSL和虚拟机平台功能"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">启用系统中的WSL和虚拟机平台功能</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#安装Linux分发版到电脑的任意位置"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">安装Linux分发版到电脑的任意位置</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#在Windows-Terminal中管理与体验WSL"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">在Windows Terminal中管理与体验WSL</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#WSL美化与Windows-Terminal美化"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">WSL美化与Windows Terminal美化</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#安装-oh-my-zsh"><span class="nav-number">4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">安装 oh-my-zsh</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#配置使用-oh-my-zsh"><span class="nav-number">4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">配置使用 oh-my-zsh</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#安装zsh常用插件"><span class="nav-number">4.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">安装zsh常用插件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#Windows-Terminal-美化"><span class="nav-number">4.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">Windows Terminal 美化</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#结语与相关链接"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">结语与相关链接</span></a></li></ol></div>
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appId : 'hXI9oKO1Olitf9gLi5jb1ciq-gzGzoHsz',
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pageSize : '10' || 10,
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lang : '' || 'zh-cn',
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