diff --git a/examples/fn_layout_filter.rs b/examples/fn_layout_filter.rs
index a35d4ea..08dd4c3 100644
--- a/examples/fn_layout_filter.rs
+++ b/examples/fn_layout_filter.rs
@@ -21,23 +21,26 @@ use logforth::logger::Dispatch;
 use logforth::logger::Logger;
 
 fn main() {
-    Logger::new().dispatch(
-        Dispatch::new()
-            .filter(filter::BoxDyn::new(|metadata: &log::Metadata| {
-                if metadata.level() <= LevelFilter::Info {
-                    FilterResult::Accept
-                } else {
-                    FilterResult::Reject
-                }
-            }))
-            .layout(layout::BoxDyn::new(|record: &log::Record| {
-                let message = format!("[box dyn] {}", record.args());
-                Ok(message.into_bytes())
-                // ...or
-                // anyhow::bail!("boom: {}", message)
-            }))
-            .append(append::Stdout),
-    );
+    Logger::new()
+        .dispatch(
+            Dispatch::new()
+                .filter(filter::BoxDyn::new(|metadata: &log::Metadata| {
+                    if metadata.level() <= LevelFilter::Info {
+                        FilterResult::Accept
+                    } else {
+                        FilterResult::Reject
+                    }
+                }))
+                // .layout(layout::BoxDyn::new(|record: &log::Record| {
+                //     let args = format_args!("[box dyn] {}", record.args());
+                //     Ok(record.to_builder().args(args).build())
+                //     // ...or
+                //     // anyhow::bail!("boom: {}", message)
+                // }))
+                .append(append::Stdout),
+        )
+        .apply()
+        .unwrap();
 
     log::error!("Hello error!");
     log::warn!("Hello warn!");
diff --git a/examples/json_stdio.rs b/examples/json_stdio.rs
index e5d744f..7951297 100644
--- a/examples/json_stdio.rs
+++ b/examples/json_stdio.rs
@@ -20,12 +20,15 @@ use logforth::logger::Dispatch;
 use logforth::logger::Logger;
 
 fn main() {
-    Logger::new().dispatch(
-        Dispatch::new()
-            .filter(filter::LogLevel::new(LevelFilter::Trace))
-            .layout(layout::SimpleJson)
-            .append(append::Stdout),
-    );
+    Logger::new()
+        .dispatch(
+            Dispatch::new()
+                .filter(filter::LogLevel::new(LevelFilter::Trace))
+                .layout(layout::SimpleJson)
+                .append(append::Stdout),
+        )
+        .apply()
+        .unwrap();
 
     log::error!("Hello error!");
     log::warn!("Hello warn!");
diff --git a/examples/no_color_stdio.rs b/examples/no_color_stdio.rs
index 3744286..24e411c 100644
--- a/examples/no_color_stdio.rs
+++ b/examples/no_color_stdio.rs
@@ -20,12 +20,15 @@ use logforth::logger::Dispatch;
 use logforth::logger::Logger;
 
 fn main() {
-    Logger::new().dispatch(
-        Dispatch::new()
-            .filter(filter::LogLevel::new(LevelFilter::Trace))
-            .layout(layout::SimpleText::default())
-            .append(append::Stdout),
-    );
+    Logger::new()
+        .dispatch(
+            Dispatch::new()
+                .filter(filter::LogLevel::new(LevelFilter::Trace))
+                .layout(layout::SimpleText::default())
+                .append(append::Stdout),
+        )
+        .apply()
+        .unwrap();
 
     log::error!("Hello error!");
     log::warn!("Hello warn!");
diff --git a/examples/rolling_file.rs b/examples/rolling_file.rs
index cb4ce6f..0e19f09 100644
--- a/examples/rolling_file.rs
+++ b/examples/rolling_file.rs
@@ -32,12 +32,15 @@ fn main() {
         .unwrap();
     let (writer, _guard) = NonBlockingBuilder::default().finish(rolling);
 
-    Logger::new().dispatch(
-        Dispatch::new()
-            .filter(filter::LogLevel::new(LevelFilter::Trace))
-            .layout(layout::SimpleJson)
-            .append(append::RollingFile::new(writer)),
-    );
+    Logger::new()
+        .dispatch(
+            Dispatch::new()
+                .filter(filter::LogLevel::new(LevelFilter::Trace))
+                .layout(layout::SimpleJson)
+                .append(append::RollingFile::new(writer)),
+        )
+        .apply()
+        .unwrap();
 
     let repeat = 1;
 
diff --git a/examples/simple_stdio.rs b/examples/simple_stdio.rs
index 3744286..24e411c 100644
--- a/examples/simple_stdio.rs
+++ b/examples/simple_stdio.rs
@@ -20,12 +20,15 @@ use logforth::logger::Dispatch;
 use logforth::logger::Logger;
 
 fn main() {
-    Logger::new().dispatch(
-        Dispatch::new()
-            .filter(filter::LogLevel::new(LevelFilter::Trace))
-            .layout(layout::SimpleText::default())
-            .append(append::Stdout),
-    );
+    Logger::new()
+        .dispatch(
+            Dispatch::new()
+                .filter(filter::LogLevel::new(LevelFilter::Trace))
+                .layout(layout::SimpleText::default())
+                .append(append::Stdout),
+        )
+        .apply()
+        .unwrap();
 
     log::error!("Hello error!");
     log::warn!("Hello warn!");
diff --git a/src/layout/boxdyn.rs b/src/layout/boxdyn.rs
index d47214e..d09353c 100644
--- a/src/layout/boxdyn.rs
+++ b/src/layout/boxdyn.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl BoxDyn {
 }
 
 impl Layout for BoxDyn {
-    fn format_record(&self, record: Record) -> anyhow::Result<Record> {
+    fn format_record<'a>(&'_ self, record: &'a Record<'a>) -> anyhow::Result<Record<'a>> {
         (*self.0).format_record(record)
     }
 }
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ impl From<BoxDyn> for LayoutImpl {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: for<'a> Fn(&'a Record<'a>) -> anyhow::Result<Record<'a>>> Layout for T {
-    fn format_record<'a>(&'a self, record: &'a Record) -> anyhow::Result<Record> {
+impl<T: for<'a> Fn(&Record<'a>) -> anyhow::Result<Record<'a>>> Layout for T {
+    fn format_record<'a>(&'_ self, record: &'a Record<'a>) -> anyhow::Result<Record<'a>> {
         self(record)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/layout/identical.rs b/src/layout/identical.rs
index 1d10fc2..422a9dd 100644
--- a/src/layout/identical.rs
+++ b/src/layout/identical.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use crate::layout::LayoutImpl;
 pub struct Identical;
 
 impl Layout for Identical {
-    fn format_record(&self, record: Record) -> anyhow::Result<Record> {
-        Ok(record)
+    fn format_record<'a>(&'_ self, record: &'a Record<'a>) -> anyhow::Result<Record<'a>> {
+        Ok(record.clone())
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/layout/mod.rs b/src/layout/mod.rs
index a2176d1..4910b5e 100644
--- a/src/layout/mod.rs
+++ b/src/layout/mod.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ mod simple_json;
 mod simple_text;
 
 pub trait Layout {
-    fn format_record(&self, record: log::Record) -> anyhow::Result<log::Record>;
+    fn format_record<'a>(&'_ self, record: &'a log::Record<'a>) -> anyhow::Result<log::Record<'a>>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub enum LayoutImpl {
 }
 
 impl Layout for LayoutImpl {
-    fn format_record(&self, record: log::Record) -> anyhow::Result<log::Record> {
+    fn format_record<'a>(&'_ self, record: &'a log::Record<'a>) -> anyhow::Result<log::Record<'a>> {
         match self {
             LayoutImpl::BoxDyn(layout) => layout.format_record(record),
             LayoutImpl::Identical(layout) => layout.format_record(record),
diff --git a/src/layout/simple_json.rs b/src/layout/simple_json.rs
index d53310b..55ef53b 100644
--- a/src/layout/simple_json.rs
+++ b/src/layout/simple_json.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ struct RecordLine<'a> {
 }
 
 impl Layout for SimpleJson {
-    fn format_record(&self, record: Record) -> anyhow::Result<Record> {
+    fn format_record<'a>(&'_ self, record: &'a Record<'a>) -> anyhow::Result<Record<'a>> {
         let mut kvs = Map::new();
         let mut visitor = KvCollector { kvs: &mut kvs };
         record.key_values().visit(&mut visitor)?;
diff --git a/src/layout/simple_text.rs b/src/layout/simple_text.rs
index aadfa7f..e094af8 100644
--- a/src/layout/simple_text.rs
+++ b/src/layout/simple_text.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl Default for ColoredLevel {
 }
 
 impl Layout for SimpleText {
-    fn format_record(&self, record: Record) -> anyhow::Result<Record> {
+    fn format_record<'a>(&'_ self, record: &'a Record<'a>) -> anyhow::Result<Record<'a>> {
         let color = match record.level() {
             Level::Error => self.colors.error,
             Level::Warn => self.colors.warn,
@@ -60,13 +60,11 @@ impl Layout for SimpleText {
             Level::Debug => self.colors.debug,
             Level::Trace => self.colors.trace,
         };
-        let record_level = record.level().to_string();
-        let record_level = ColoredString::from(record_level).color(color);
 
         let args = format_args!(
             "{} {:>5} {}: {}:{} {}{}",
             humantime::format_rfc3339_micros(SystemTime::now()),
-            record_level,
+            ColoredString::from(record.level().to_string()).color(color),
             record.module_path().unwrap_or(""),
             record
                 .file()
diff --git a/src/logger.rs b/src/logger.rs
index 56efe13..c2c0fdd 100644
--- a/src/logger.rs
+++ b/src/logger.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ impl Dispatch {
             }
         }
 
-        let record = record.clone();
         for append in &self.appends {
             let record = match self.preferred_layout.as_ref() {
                 Some(layout) => layout.format_record(record)?,