diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_docker_bazel.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_docker_bazel.yml
index 4bddf2d00e..89cde0d312 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_docker_bazel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_docker_bazel.yml
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ jobs:
     env:
       DISTRO: ${{ matrix.distro }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Build env image
-      run: make --directory=bazel ${DISTRO}_env
-    - name: Build devel image
-      run: make --directory=bazel ${DISTRO}_devel
-    - name: Build project
-      run: make --directory=bazel ${DISTRO}_build
-    - name: Test project
-      run: make --directory=bazel ${DISTRO}_test
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Build env image
+        run: make --directory=bazel ${DISTRO}_env
+      - name: Build devel image
+        run: make --directory=bazel ${DISTRO}_devel
+      - name: Build project
+        run: make --directory=bazel ${DISTRO}_build
+      - name: Test project
+        run: make --directory=bazel ${DISTRO}_test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_freebsd_cmake.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_freebsd_cmake.yml
index a45b799114..84d508717a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_freebsd_cmake.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_freebsd_cmake.yml
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ name: amd64 FreeBSD CMake
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+# Only macos runner provide virtualisation with vagrant/virtualbox installed.
+# ref: https://github.com/actions/runner-images/tree/main/images/macos
+# ref: https://app.vagrantup.com/generic/boxes/freebsd13
 jobs:
-  # Only macos runner provide virtualisation with vagrant/virtualbox installed.
-  FreeBSD:
-    runs-on: macos-10.15
-    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.allow_failure }}
+  vagrant:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -15,19 +15,18 @@ jobs:
         allow_failure: [false]
         include:
         - distro: freebsd
-          lang: java
+          lang: dotnet
           allow_failure: true
         - distro: freebsd
-          lang: dotnet
+          lang: java
           allow_failure: true
-    env:
-      DISTRO: ${{ matrix.distro }}
-      LANG: ${{ matrix.lang }}
+    name: FreeBSD • CMake • ${{ matrix.lang }}
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: vagrant version
-      run: Vagrant --version
-    - name: VirtualBox version
-      run: virtualbox -h
-    - name: Build
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_${LANG}
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: vagrant version
+        run: Vagrant --version
+      - name: VirtualBox version
+        run: virtualbox -h
+      - name: Build
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_${{ matrix.lang }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_bazel.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_bazel.yml
index e6ad0f5f94..07dc21c7ae 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_bazel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_bazel.yml
@@ -3,14 +3,20 @@ name: amd64 Linux Bazel
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+# Building using the github runner environement directly.
 jobs:
-  # Building using the github runner environement directly.
-  bazel:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  native:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+        python: [
+          {version: '3.9'},
+          {version: '3.10'},
+          {version: '3.11'},
+          {version: '3.12'},
+        ]
       fail-fast: false
+    name: Linux • Bazel • Python-${{ matrix.python.version }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     env:
       CC:  gcc-12
       CXX: g++-12
@@ -19,9 +25,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check Java
         run: java -version
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python.version }}
       - name: Check Python
         run: python --version
       - name: Install Bazel
@@ -37,13 +43,11 @@ jobs:
         run: >
           bazel build
           -c opt
-          --action_env=BAZEL_CXXOPTS="-std=c++17"
-          --subcommands=true
-          ortools/... examples/...
+          --subcommands=pretty_print
+          //ortools/... //examples/...
       - name: Test
         run: >
           bazel test
           -c opt
-          --action_env=BAZEL_CXXOPTS="-std=c++17"
           --test_output=errors
-          ortools/... examples/...
+          //ortools/... //examples/...
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_coinor_off.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_coinor_off.yml
index f95e2dfd17..7729f40095 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_coinor_off.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_coinor_off.yml
@@ -1,101 +1,71 @@
+# ref: https://github.com/actions/runner-images
 name: amd64 Linux CMake CoinOR OFF
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+# Building using the github runner environement directly.
 jobs:
-  # Building using the github runner environement directly.
-  linux_cpp:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
-        -DBUILD_CXX=ON -DUSE_COINOR=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
-
-  linux_dotnet:
+  linux:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        cmake: [
+          {language: 'C++', args: '-DBUILD_CXX=ON'},
+          {language: '.Net', args: '-DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_DOTNET=ON'},
+          {language: 'Java', args: '-DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_JAVA=ON'},
+          {language: 'Python', args: '-DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON'},
+        ]
+      fail-fast: false
+    name: Linux • CMake • ${{ matrix.cmake.language }} • CoinOR OFF
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      # Install SWIG
     - name: Swig install
       run: sudo apt install -y swig
     - name: Check swig
       run: swig -version
       # Install .NET SDKs
-    - name: Setup .NET Core 3.1
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
-      with:
-        dotnet-version: 3.1.x
     - name: Setup .NET 6.0
       uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
       with:
         dotnet-version: 6.0.x
     - name: Check dotnet
       run: dotnet --info
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
-        -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
-        -DBUILD_DOTNET=ON -DUSE_COINOR=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
-
-  linux_java:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Swig install
-      run: sudo apt install -y swig
-    - name: Check swig
-      run: swig -version
+      # Install Java
     - name: Check java
       run: java -version
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
-        -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
-        -DBUILD_JAVA=ON -DUSE_COINOR=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
-
-  linux_python:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Swig install
-      run: sudo apt install -y swig
-    - name: Check swig
-      run: swig -version
+      # Install Python
     - name: Install python3 venv
       run: sudo apt-get install python3-venv
     - name: Update Path
       run: echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      # CMake
     - name: Check cmake
       run: cmake --version
     - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
-        -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
-        -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON -DUSE_COINOR=OFF
+      run: >
+        cmake -S. -Bbuild
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
+        -DUSE_COINOR=OFF
+        ${{ matrix.cmake.args }}
     - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
+      run: >
+        cmake --build build
+        --config Release
+        --target all
+        -v
     - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
+      run: >
+        CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1
+        cmake --build build
+        --config Release
+        --target test
+        -v
     - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
+      run: >
+        cmake --build build
+        --config Release
+        --target install
+        -v
+        -- DESTDIR=install
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_glpk_on.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_glpk_on.yml
index d17d574187..02b8e65417 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_glpk_on.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_glpk_on.yml
@@ -1,21 +1,41 @@
+# ref: https://github.com/actions/runner-images
 name: amd64 Linux CMake GLPK ON
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+# Building using the github runner environement directly.
 jobs:
-  # Building using the github runner environement directly.
-  linux_cpp:
+  native:
+    name: Linux • CMake • GLPK ON
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
-        -DBUILD_CXX=ON -DUSE_GLPK=ON -DUSE_SCIP=OFF -DUSE_COINOR=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Check cmake
+        run: cmake --version
+      - name: Configure
+        run: >
+          cmake -S. -Bbuild
+          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+          -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
+          -DUSE_SCIP=OFF -DUSE_COINOR=OFF
+          -DUSE_GLPK=ON
+      - name: Build
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config Release
+          --target all
+          -v -j
+      - name: Test
+        run: >
+          CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1
+          cmake --build build
+          --config Release
+          --target test
+          -v -j
+      - name: Install
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config Release
+          --target install
+          -v -j
+          -- DESTDIR=install
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_no_lp_parser.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_no_lp_parser.yml
index 9482a9b478..ca7392a989 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_no_lp_parser.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_no_lp_parser.yml
@@ -1,20 +1,40 @@
+# ref: https://github.com/actions/runner-images
 name: amd64 Linux CMake C++ LP_PARSER OFF
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+# Building using the github runner environement directly.
 jobs:
-  # Building using the github runner environement directly.
-  cmake:
+  native:
+    name: Linux • CMake • LP_PARSER OFF
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON -DBUILD_LP_PARSER=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Check cmake
+        run: cmake --version
+      - name: Configure
+        run: >
+          cmake -S. -Bbuild
+          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+          -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
+          -DBUILD_LP_PARSER=OFF
+      - name: Build
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config Release
+          --target all
+          -v -j
+      - name: Test
+        run: >
+          CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1
+          cmake --build build
+          --config Release
+          --target test
+          -v -j
+      - name: Install
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config Release
+          --target install
+          -v -j
+          -- DESTDIR=install
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_python.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_python.yml
index 2df9b0101a..5a3209bf40 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_python.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_python.yml
@@ -1,80 +1,71 @@
+# ref: https://github.com/actions/runner-images
 name: amd64 Linux CMake Python
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+# Building using the github runner environement directly.
 jobs:
-  # Building using the github runner environement directly.
-  ninja:
+  native:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        cmake: [
+          {generator: "Ninja", config: Release, build_target: all, test_target: test, install_target: install},
+          {generator: "Ninja Multi-Config", config: Release, build_target: all, test_target: test, install_target: install},
+          {generator: "Unix Makefiles", config: Release, build_target: all, test_target: test, install_target: install},
+        ]
+        python: [
+          {version: '3.9'},
+          {version: '3.10'},
+          {version: '3.11'},
+          {version: '3.12'},
+        ]
+      fail-fast: false
+    name: Linux • ${{ matrix.cmake.generator }} • Python-${{ matrix.python.version }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Install python3 venv
-      run: sudo apt-get install python3-venv
-    - name: Install Ninja
-      run: |
-        sudo apt update
-        sudo apt install -y ninja-build
-    - name: Swig install
-      run: sudo apt install -y swig
-    - name: Check swig
-      run: swig -version
-    - name: Update Path
-      run: echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -G "Ninja" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=install
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --target install -v
-  ninja-multi:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Install python3 venv
-      run: sudo apt-get install python3-venv
-    - name: Install Ninja
-      run: |
-        sudo apt update
-        sudo apt install -y ninja-build
-    - name: Swig install
-      run: sudo apt install -y swig
-    - name: Check swig
-      run: swig -version
-    - name: Update Path
-      run: echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -G "Ninja Multi-Config" -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=install
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v
-  make:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Install python3 venv
-      run: sudo apt-get install python3-venv
-    - name: Swig install
-      run: sudo apt install -y swig
-    - name: Check swig
-      run: swig -version
-    - name: Update Path
-      run: echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Ninja
+        run: |
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt install -y ninja-build
+      - name: Swig install
+        run: |
+          sudo apt install -y swig
+          swig -version
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python.version }}
+      - name: Install python3 venv
+        run: python3 -m pip install venv
+      - name: Update Path
+        run: echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      - name: Check cmake
+        run: cmake --version
+      - name: Configure
+        run: >
+          cmake -S. -Bbuild
+          -G ${{ matrix.cmake.generator }}
+          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON
+          -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
+          -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=install
+      - name: Build
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config ${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          --target ${{ matrix.cmake.build_target }}
+          -v -j
+      - name: Test
+        run: >
+          CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1
+          cmake --build build
+          --config ${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          --target ${{ matrix.cmake.test_target }}
+          -v -j
+      - name: Install
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config ${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          --target ${{ matrix.cmake.install_target }}
+          -v -j
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_scip_off.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_scip_off.yml
index 250dcaccf7..246357e466 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_scip_off.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_scip_off.yml
@@ -1,101 +1,71 @@
+# ref: https://github.com/actions/runner-images
 name: amd64 Linux CMake SCIP OFF
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+# Building using the github runner environement directly.
 jobs:
-  # Building using the github runner environement directly.
-  linux_cpp:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
-        -DBUILD_CXX=ON -DUSE_SCIP=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
-
-  linux_dotnet:
+  linux:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        cmake: [
+          {language: 'C++', args: '-DBUILD_CXX=ON'},
+          {language: '.Net', args: '-DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_DOTNET=ON'},
+          {language: 'Java', args: '-DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_JAVA=ON'},
+          {language: 'Python', args: '-DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON'},
+        ]
+      fail-fast: false
+    name: Linux • CMake • ${{ matrix.cmake.language }} • SCIP OFF
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      # Install SWIG
     - name: Swig install
       run: sudo apt install -y swig
     - name: Check swig
       run: swig -version
       # Install .NET SDKs
-    - name: Setup .NET Core 3.1
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
-      with:
-        dotnet-version: 3.1.x
     - name: Setup .NET 6.0
       uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v1
       with:
         dotnet-version: 6.0.x
     - name: Check dotnet
       run: dotnet --info
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
-        -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
-        -DBUILD_DOTNET=ON -DUSE_SCIP=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
-
-  linux_java:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Swig install
-      run: sudo apt install -y swig
-    - name: Check swig
-      run: swig -version
+      # Install Java
     - name: Check java
       run: java -version
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
-        -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
-        -DBUILD_JAVA=ON -DUSE_SCIP=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
-
-  linux_python:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Swig install
-      run: sudo apt install -y swig
-    - name: Check swig
-      run: swig -version
+      # Install Python
     - name: Install python3 venv
       run: sudo apt-get install python3-venv
     - name: Update Path
       run: echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      # CMake
     - name: Check cmake
       run: cmake --version
     - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
-        -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
-        -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON -DUSE_SCIP=OFF
+      run: >
+        cmake -S. -Bbuild
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        -DBUILD_DEPS=ON
+        -DUSE_SCIP=OFF
+        ${{ matrix.cmake.args }}
     - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target all -v
+      run: >
+        cmake --build build
+        --config Release
+        --target all
+        -v
     - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config Release --target test -v
+      run: >
+        CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1
+        cmake --build build
+        --config Release
+        --target test
+        -v
     - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
+      run: >
+        cmake --build build
+        --config Release
+        --target install
+        -v
+        -- DESTDIR=install
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_system_deps.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_system_deps.yml
index 5d0dcf1d8a..0c76f5786e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_system_deps.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake_system_deps.yml
@@ -5,36 +5,34 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
 jobs:
   linux:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
         distro: [system_deps]
         lang: [cpp, python, dotnet, java]
       fail-fast: false
-    env:
-      DISTRO: ${{ matrix.distro }}
-      LANG: ${{ matrix.lang }}
+    name: Archlinux • CMake • ${{ matrix.lang }} • BUILD_DEPS OFF
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Build base image
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_base
-    - name: Build env image
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_${LANG}_env
-    - name: Build devel image
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_${LANG}_devel
-    - name: Build project
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_${LANG}_build
-    - name: Test project
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_${LANG}_test
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Build base image
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_base
+      - name: Build env image
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_${{ matrix.lang }}_env
+      - name: Build devel image
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_${{ matrix.lang }}_devel
+      - name: Build project
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_${{ matrix.lang }}_build
+      - name: Test project
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_${{ matrix.lang }}_test
 
-    - name: Build Install env image
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_${LANG}_install_env
-    - name: Build Install devel image
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_${LANG}_install_devel
-    - name: Build Install
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_${LANG}_install_build
-    - name: Test Install
-      run: make --directory=cmake ${DISTRO}_${LANG}_install_test
+      - name: Build Install env image
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_${{ matrix.lang }}_install_env
+      - name: Build Install devel image
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_${{ matrix.lang }}_install_devel
+      - name: Build Install
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_${{ matrix.lang }}_install_build
+      - name: Test Install
+        run: make --directory=cmake ${{ matrix.distro }}_${{ matrix.lang }}_install_test
 
 # TODO(user): Add macOS + brew job
 # TODO(user): Add Windows + choco/vcpkg job
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_macos_bazel.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_macos_bazel.yml
index 4df61c1aa3..cb4ecc4901 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_macos_bazel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_macos_bazel.yml
@@ -3,17 +3,22 @@ name: amd64 MacOS Bazel
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+# Building using the github runner environement directly.
 jobs:
-  # Building using the github runner environement directly.
-  bazel:
-    runs-on: macos-latest
+  native:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+        python: [
+          {version: '3.9'},
+          {version: '3.10'},
+          {version: '3.11'},
+          {version: '3.12'},
+        ]
       fail-fast: false
+    name: MacOS • Bazel • Python-${{ matrix.python.version }}
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Check out repository code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set Java to OpenJDK 17 (Temurin)
         uses: actions/setup-java@v3
         with:
@@ -22,9 +27,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check mvn
         run: mvn --version
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python.version }}
       - name: Check Python
         run: python --version
       - name: Install Bazel
@@ -38,13 +43,11 @@ jobs:
         run: >
           bazel build
           -c opt
-          --action_env=BAZEL_CXXOPTS="-std=c++17"
-          --subcommands=true
+          --subcommands=pretty_print
           //ortools/... //examples/...
       - name: Test
         run: >
           bazel test
           -c opt
-          --action_env=BAZEL_CXXOPTS="-std=c++17"
           --test_output=errors
           //ortools/... //examples/...
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_macos_cmake_python.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_macos_cmake_python.yml
index 170ee70748..0a74452de5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_macos_cmake_python.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_macos_cmake_python.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# ref: https://github.com/actions/runner-images
 name: amd64 MacOS CMake Python
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
@@ -5,38 +6,54 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 jobs:
   # Building using the github runner environement directly.
   macos:
-    runs-on: macos-latest
     strategy:
-       matrix:
-         build: [
-           ["Xcode", "Release", "ALL_BUILD", "RUN_TESTS", "install"],
-           ["Unix Makefiles", "Release", "all", "test", "install"]
-         ]
-       fail-fast: false
-    env:
-      GENERATOR: ${{ matrix.build[0] }}
-      BUILD_TYPE: ${{ matrix.build[1] }}
-      BUILD_TARGET: ${{ matrix.build[2] }}
-      TEST_TARGET: ${{ matrix.build[3] }}
-      INSTALL_TARGET: ${{ matrix.build[4] }}
+      matrix:
+       cmake: [
+         {generator: "Xcode", config: Release, build_target: ALL_BUILD, test_target: RUN_TESTS, install_target: install},
+         {generator: "Unix Makefiles", config: Release, build_target: all, test_target: test, install_target: install},
+       ]
+       python: [{version: 3.9}, {version: 3.10}, {version: 3.11}, {version: 3.12}]
+      fail-fast: false
+    name: ${{ matrix.cmake.generator }} • Python ${{ matrix.python.version }}
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Swig install
-      run: brew install swig
-    - name: Check swig
-      run: swig -version
-    - name: Update Path
-      run: echo "$HOME/Library/Python/3.12/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: >
-        cmake -S. -Bbuild -G "$GENERATOR" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="$BUILD_TYPE" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=install
-        -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
-        -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config "$BUILD_TYPE" --target "$BUILD_TARGET" -v
-    - name: Test
-      run: CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1 cmake --build build --config "$BUILD_TYPE" --target "$TEST_TARGET" -v
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config "$BUILD_TYPE" --target "$INSTALL_TARGET" -v
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python.version }}
+      - name: Update Path
+        run: echo "$HOME/Library/Python/${{ matrix.python-version }}/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      - name: Swig install
+        run: brew install swig
+      - name: Check swig
+        run: swig -version
+      - name: Check cmake
+        run: cmake --version
+      - name: Configure
+        run: >
+          cmake -S. -Bbuild
+          -G ${{ matrix.cmake.generator }}
+          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=install
+          -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
+          -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON
+      - name: Build
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config ${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          --target ${{ matrix.cmake.build_target }}
+          -v
+      - name: Test
+        run: >
+          CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1
+          cmake --build build
+          --config ${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          --target ${{ matrix.cmake.test_target }}
+          -v
+      - name: Install
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config ${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          --target ${{ matrix.cmake.install_target }}
+          -v
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_windows_bazel.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_windows_bazel.yml
index 3873e2adc1..d54ad6d803 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_windows_bazel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_windows_bazel.yml
@@ -3,16 +3,21 @@ name: amd64 Windows Bazel
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+# Building using the github runner environement directly.
 jobs:
-  # Building using the github runner environement directly.
-  bazel:
+  native:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         runner: [windows-2022, windows-2019]
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+        python: [
+          {version: '3.9'},
+          {version: '3.10'},
+          {version: '3.11'},
+          {version: '3.12'},
+        ]
       fail-fast: false # Don't cancel all jobs if one fails.
+    name: ${{ matrix.runner }} • Bazel • Python-${{ matrix.python.version }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
-    #runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-java@v3
@@ -24,9 +29,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check mvn
         run: mvn --version
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python.version }}
       - name: Check Python
         run: python --version
       - name: Install Bazel
@@ -37,13 +42,11 @@ jobs:
         run: >
           bazel build
           -c opt
-          --cxxopt="/std:c++20"
-          --subcommands=true
+          --subcommands=pretty_print
           //ortools/... //examples/...
       - name: Test
         run: >
           bazel test
           -c opt
-          --cxxopt="/std:c++20"
           --test_output=errors
           //ortools/... //examples/...
diff --git a/.github/workflows/amd64_windows_cmake_python.yml b/.github/workflows/amd64_windows_cmake_python.yml
index fadf5e61f4..15157ebd92 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/amd64_windows_cmake_python.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/amd64_windows_cmake_python.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# ref: https://github.com/actions/runner-images
 name: amd64 Windows CMake Python
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
@@ -5,30 +6,62 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 jobs:
   # Building using the github runner environement directly.
   cmake:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        cmake: [
+          {generator: "Visual Studio 17 2022", config: Release, build_target: ALL_BUILD, test_target: RUN_TESTS, install_target: INSTALL},
+        ]
+        python: [
+          {version: 3.9, dir: Python309},
+          {version: 3.10, dir: Python310},
+          {version: 3.11, dir: Python311},
+          {version: 3.12, dir: Python312},
+        ]
+      fail-fast: false
+    name: ${{ matrix.cmake.generator }} • Python ${{ matrix.python.version }}
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.10'
-    - name: Install python3
-      run: python3 -m pip install --user mypy-protobuf absl-py setuptools wheel numpy pandas
-    - name: Install SWIG 4.1.1
-      run: |
-        (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/swig/swigwin-4.1.1.zip","swigwin-4.1.1.zip");
-        Expand-Archive .\swigwin-4.1.1.zip .;
-        echo "$((Get-Item .).FullName)/swigwin-4.1.1" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
-    - name: Check swig
-      run: swig -version
-    - name: Add Python binaries to path
-      run: echo "$((Get-Item ~).FullName)/AppData/Roaming/Python/Python310/Scripts" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
-    - name: Check cmake
-      run: cmake --version
-    - name: Configure
-      run: cmake -S. -Bbuild -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
-    - name: Build
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target ALL_BUILD -v -- /maxcpucount
-    - name: Test
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target RUN_TESTS -v -- /maxcpucount
-    - name: Install
-      run: cmake --build build --config Release --target INSTALL -v -- /maxcpucount
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python.version }}
+      - name: Install python3
+        run: python3 -m pip install --user mypy-protobuf absl-py setuptools wheel numpy pandas
+      - name: Install SWIG 4.1.1
+        run: |
+          (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/swig/swigwin-4.1.1.zip","swigwin-4.1.1.zip");
+          Expand-Archive .\swigwin-4.1.1.zip .;
+          echo "$((Get-Item .).FullName)/swigwin-4.1.1" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+      - name: Check swig
+        run: swig -version
+      - name: Add Python binaries to path
+        run: >
+          echo "$((Get-Item ~).FullName)/AppData/Roaming/Python/${{ matrix.python.dir }}/Scripts" |
+          Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+      - name: Check cmake
+        run: cmake --version
+      - name: Configure
+        run: >
+          cmake -S. -Bbuild
+          -G "${{ matrix.cmake.generator }}" -A x64
+          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          -DBUILD_PYTHON=ON
+          -DBUILD_CXX_SAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_CXX_EXAMPLES=OFF
+      - name: Build
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config ${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          --target ${{ matrix.cmake.build_target }}
+          -v -j
+      - name: Test
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config ${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          --target ${{ matrix.cmake.test_target }}
+          -v -j
+      - name: Install
+        run: >
+          cmake --build build
+          --config ${{ matrix.cmake.config }}
+          --target ${{ matrix.cmake.install_target }}
+          -v -j