tutorial_9_10_histogram.py

import cv2 as cv
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


def plot_demo(image):
    plt.hist(image.ravel(), 256, [0, 256])  # image.ravel()将图像展开，256为bins数量，[0, 256]为范围
    plt.show()


def image_hist(image):
    color = ('blue', 'green', 'red')
    for i, color in enumerate(color):

        # 计算出直方图，calcHist(images, channels, mask, histSize(有多少个bin), ranges[, hist[, accumulate]]) -> hist
        # hist 是一个 256x1 的数组，每一个值代表了与该灰度值对应的像素点数目。

        hist = cv.calcHist(image, [i], None, [256], [0, 256])
        print(hist.shape)
        plt.plot(hist, color=color)
        plt.xlim([0, 256])
    plt.show()


def equalHist_demo(image):
    gray = cv.cvtColor(image,cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

    # 全局直方图均衡化，用于增强图像对比度，即黑的更黑，白的更白
    dst = cv.equalizeHist(gray)
    cv.imshow("equalHist_demo", dst)

    # 局部直方图均衡化
    clahe = cv.createCLAHE(clipLimit=2.0, tileGridSize=(8, 8))
    clahe_dst = clahe.apply(gray)
    cv.imshow("clahe", clahe_dst)


# 创建直方图
def create_rgb_demo(image):
    h, w, c = image.shape
    rgbHist = np.zeros([16*16*16, 1], np.float32)
    bsize = 256 / 16
    for row in range(h):
        for col in range(w):
            b = image[row, col, 0]
            g = image[row, col, 1]
            r = image[row, col, 2]
            index = np.int(b/bsize)*16*16 + np.int(g/bsize)*16 + np.int(r/bsize)
            rgbHist[np.int(index), 0] = rgbHist[np.int(index), 0] + 1

    return rgbHist


# 利用直方图比较相似性，用巴氏和相关性比较好
def hist_compare(image1, image2):
    hist1 = create_rgb_demo(image1)
    hist2 = create_rgb_demo(image2)
    match1 = cv.compareHist(hist1, hist2, method=cv.HISTCMP_BHATTACHARYYA)
    match2 = cv.compareHist(hist1, hist2, method=cv.HISTCMP_CORREL)
    match3 = cv.compareHist(hist1, hist2, method=cv.HISTCMP_CHISQR)
    print("巴式距离：%s, 相关性：%s, 卡方：%s"%(match1, match2, match3))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    src = cv.imread(r"d:\python\lena.jpg")  # 读入图片放进src中
    cv.namedWindow("demo")  # 创建窗口
    cv.imshow("demo", src)  # 将src图片放入该创建的窗口中
    # plot_demo(src)
    #image_hist(src)

    # equalHist_demo(src)
    image1 = cv.imread(r"d:\python\lena.jpg")
    image2 = cv.imread(r"d:\python\lena3.jpg")

    #create_rgb_demo(image1)
    cv.imshow("image1", image1)
    cv.imshow("image2", image2)
    hist_compare(image1=image1, image2=image2)

    cv.waitKey(0) # 等有键输入或者1000ms后自动将窗口消除，0表示只用键输入结束窗口
    cv.destroyAllWindows()  # 关闭所有窗口