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GitCheatSheet
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Using Git
Global Settings
Related Setup: https://gist.github.com/hofmannsven/6814278
Related Pro Tips: https://ochronus.com/git-tips-from-the-trenches/
Interactive Beginners Tutorial: http://try.github.io/
Reminder
Press minus + shift + s and return to chop/fold long lines!
Show folder content: ls -la
Notes
Do not put (external) dependencies in version control!
Setup
See where Git is located: which git
Get the version of Git: git --version
Create an alias (shortcut) for git status: git config --global alias.st status
Help
Help: git help
General
Initialize Git: git init
Get everything ready to commit: git add .
Get custom file ready to commit: git add index.html
Commit changes: git commit -m "Message"
Add and commit in one step: git commit -am "Message"
Remove files from Git: git rm index.html
Update all changes: git add -u
Remove file but do not track anymore: git rm --cached index.html
Move or rename files: git mv index.html dir/index_new.html
Undo modifications (restore files from latest commited version): git checkout -- index.html
Restore file from a custom commit (in current branch): git checkout 6eb715d -- index.html
Reset
Go back to commit: git revert 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Soft reset (move HEAD only; neither staging nor working dir is changed): git reset --soft 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Undo latest commit: git reset --soft HEAD~
Mixed reset (move HEAD and change staging to match repo; does not affect working dir): git reset --mixed 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Hard reset (move HEAD and change staging dir and working dir to match repo): git reset --hard 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Update & Delete
Test-Delete untracked files: git clean -n
Delete untracked files (not staging): git clean -f
Unstage (undo adds): git reset HEAD index.html
Commit to most recent commit: git commit --amend -m "Message"
Update most recent commit message: git commit --amend -m "New Message"
Branch
Show branches: git branch
Create branch: git branch branchname
Change to branch: git checkout branchname
Create and change to new branch: git checkout -b branchname
Rename branch: git branch -m branchname new_branchname or: git branch --move branchname new_branchname
Show all completely merged branches with current branch: git branch --merged
Delete merged branch (only possible if not HEAD): git branch -d branchname or: git branch --delete branchname
Delete not merged branch: git branch -D branch_to_delete
Merge
True merge (fast forward): git merge branchname
Merge to master (only if fast forward): git merge --ff-only branchname
Merge to master (forc a new commit): git merge --no-ff branchname
Stop merge (in case of conflicts): git merge --abort
Stop merge (in case of conflicts): git reset --merge // prior to v1.7.4
Stash
Put in stash: git stash save "Message"
Show stash: git stash list
Show stash stats: git stash show stash@{0}
Show stash changes: git stash show -p stash@{0}
Use custom stash item and drop it: git stash pop stash@{0}
Use custom stash item and do not drop it: git stash apply stash@{0}
Delete custom stash item: git stash drop stash@{0}
Delete complete stash: git stash clear
Gitignore & Gitkeep
About: https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files
Useful templates: https://github.com/github/gitignore
Add or edit gitignore: nano .gitignore
Track empty dir: touch dir/.gitkeep
Log
Show commits: git log
Show oneline-summary of commits: git log --oneline
Show oneline-summary of commits with full SHA-1: git log --format=oneline
Show oneline-summary of the last three commits: git log --oneline -3
Show only custom commits: git log --author="Sven" git log --grep="Message" git log --until=2013-01-01 git log --since=2013-01-01
Show only custom data of commit: git log --format=short git log --format=full git log --format=fuller git log --format=email git log --format=raw
Show changes: git log -p
Show every commit since special commit for custom file only: git log 6eb715d.. index.html
Show changes of every commit since special commit for custom file only: git log -p 6eb715d.. index.html
Show stats and summary of commits: git log --stat --summary
Show history of commits as graph: git log --graph
Show history of commits as graph-summary: git log --oneline --graph --all --decorate
Compare
Compare modified files: git diff
Compare modified files and highlight changes only: git diff --color-words index.html
Compare modified files within the staging area: git diff --staged
Compare branches: git diff master..branchname
Compare branches like above: git diff --color-words master..branchname^
Compare commits: git diff 6eb715d git diff 6eb715d..HEAD git diff 6eb715d..537a09f
Compare commits of file: git diff 6eb715d index.html git diff 6eb715d..537a09f index.html
Compare without caring about spaces: git diff -b 6eb715d..HEAD or: git diff --ignore-space-change 6eb715d..HEAD
Compare without caring about all spaces: git diff -w 6eb715d..HEAD or: git diff --ignore-all-space 6eb715d..HEAD
Useful comparings: git diff --stat --summary 6eb715d..HEAD
Blame: git blame -L10,+1 index.html
Releases & Version Tags
Show all released versions: git tag
Show all released versions with comments: git tag -l -n1
Create release version: git tag v1.0.0
Create release version with comment: git tag -a v1.0.0 -m 'Message'
Checkout a specific release version: git checkout v1.0.0
Collaborate
Show remote: git remote
Show remote details: git remote -v
Add remote origin from GitHub project: git remote add origin https://github.com/user/project.git
Add remote origin from existing empty project on server: git remote add origin ssh://[email protected]/path/to/repository/.git
Remove origin: git remote rm origin
Show remote branches: git branch -r
Show all branches: git branch -a
Compare: git diff origin/master..master
Push (set default with -u): git push -u origin master
Push to default: git push origin master
Fetch: git fetch origin
Pull: git pull
Pull specific branch: git pull origin branchname
Merge fetched commits: git merge origin/master
Clone to localhost: git clone https://github.com/user/project.git or: git clone ssh://[email protected]/~/dir/.git
Clone to localhost folder: git clone https://github.com/user/project.git ~/dir/folder
Clone specific branch to localhost: git clone -b branchname https://github.com/user/project.git
Delete remote branch (push nothing): git push origin :branchname or: git push origin --delete branchname
Archive
Create a zip-archive: git archive --format zip --output filename.zip master
Export/write custom log to a file: git log --author=sven --all > log.txt
Troubleshooting
Ignore files that have already been committed to a Git repository: http://stackoverflow.com/a/1139797/1815847
Security
Hide Git on the web via .htaccess: RedirectMatch 404 /\.git (more info here: http://stackoverflow.com/a/17916515/1815847)
Large File Storage
Website: https://git-lfs.github.com/
Install: brew install git-lfs
Track *.psd files: git lfs track "*.psd" (init, add, commit and push as written above)