-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathgermanb.dtx
1036 lines (1035 loc) · 44.8 KB
/
germanb.dtx
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% File `germanb.dtx'
%
% Copyright 1989--2024
% Johannes L. Braams
% Bernd Raichle
% Walter Schmidt
% Juergen Spitzmueller
% All rights reserved.
%
% This file is part of the babel-german bundle,
% an extension to the Babel system.
% ----------------------------------------------
%
% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in
% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 2003/12/01 or later.
%
% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
%
% The Current Maintainer of this work is Juergen Spitzmueller.
% \fi
% \CheckSum{538}
%
% \iffalse
% Tell the \LaTeX\ system who we are and write an entry on the
% transcript.
%<*dtx>
\ProvidesFile{germanb.dtx}
%</dtx>
%<austrian>\ProvidesLanguage{austrian}
%<german>\ProvidesLanguage{german}
%<swissgerman>\ProvidesLanguage{swissgerman}
%<germanb>\ProvidesLanguage{germanb}
%\fi
%\ProvidesFile{germanb.dtx}
[2024/12/10 v2.15 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
%\iffalse
%
%<*filedriver>
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[osf]{libertine}
\usepackage[scaled=0.76]{beramono}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage[tableposition=top,skip=5pt]{caption}
\usepackage[svgnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage[pdfusetitle]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{%
colorlinks,
linkcolor=black,
filecolor=Maroon,
urlcolor=Maroon,
citecolor=black
}
\newcommand*\babel{\textsf{babel}}
\newcommand*\Babel{\textsf{Babel}}
\newcommand*\langvar{$\langle \it lang \rangle$}
\newcommand*\graph[1]{$\langle$#1$\rangle$}
\newcommand*\note[1]{}
\newcommand*\Lopt[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\newcommand*\file[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\newcommand*\newfeature[1]{%
\leavevmode\vadjust{\smash{\llap{\parbox[t]{\marginparwidth}{\raggedleft\footnotesize New feature\\in v.\,#1!}\kern\marginparsep\hspace{3em}}}}%
}
\GlossaryMin = .33\textheight
\begin{document}
\DocInput{germanb.dtx}
\end{document}
%</filedriver>
%\fi
% \GetFileInfo{germanb.dtx}
%
%\RecordChanges
%
% \changes{Version 2.9a=Version 2.10}{2016/11/07}{Improvements to the manual}
%
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Revised documentation: Turn the \babel{}
% manual chapter into a self-enclosed manual.}
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Added support for variety \Lopt{swissgerman}.}
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Revised \Lopt{austrian} support.}
%
% \changes{Version 2.6d}{1996/07/10}{Replaced \cs{undefined} with
% \cs{@undefined} and \cs{empty} with \cs{@empty} for consistency
% with \LaTeX}
% \changes{Version 2.6d}{1996/10/10}{Moved the definition of
% \cs{atcatcode} right to the beginning.}
%
% \changes{Version 2.6a}{1995/02/15}{Moved the identification to the
% top of the file}
% \changes{Version 2.6a}{1995/02/15}{Rewrote the code that handles the
% active double quote character}
%
% \changes{Version 2.5c}{1994/06/26}{Removed the use of \cs{filedate}
% and moved the identification after the loading of
% \file{babel.def}}
%
% \changes{Version 2.5}{1994/02/08}{Update or \LaTeXe}
%
% \changes{Version 2.3e}{1991/11/10}{Brought up-to-date with
% \file{german.tex} v2.3e (plus some bug fixes) [br]}
%
% \changes{Version 2.2a}{1991/07/15}{Renamed \file{babel.sty} in
% \file{babel.com}}
%
% \changes{Version 2.3}{1991/11/05}{Rewritten parts of the code to use
% the new features of babel version 3.1}
%
% \changes{Version 2.2}{1991/06/11}{Removed global assignments,
% brought uptodate with \file{german.tex} v2.3d}
%
% \changes{Version 2.1}{1991/05/29}{Removed bug found by van der Meer}
%
% \changes{Version 2.0a}{1991/05/25}{Removed some problems in change
% log}
%
% \changes{Version 2.0}{1991/04/23}{Modified for babel 3.0}
%
% \changes{Version 1.1a}{1990/08/27}{Modified the documentation
% somewhat}
%
% \changes{Version 1.1}{1990/07/30}{When using PostScript fonts with
% the Adobe fontencoding, the dieresis-accent is located elsewhere,
% modified germanb}
%
% \changes{Version 1.0c}{1990/07/16}{Fixed some typos}
%
% \changes{Version 1.0b}{1990/05/22}{fixed typo in definition for
% austrian language found by Werenfried Spit
% \texttt{[email protected]}}
%
% \changes{Version 1.0a}{1990/05/14}{Incorporated Nico's comments}
%
% \title{Babel support for the German language (pre-1996~orthography)}
% \author{Johannes Braams \and Bernd Raichle \and Walter Schmidt \and J\"urgen Spitzm\"uller\thanks{%
% Current maintainer. Please report issues via \protect\url{https://github.com/jspitz/babel-german}.}}
% \date{\fileversion\ (\filedate)}
% \maketitle
%
% \begin{abstract}
% \noindent This manual documents \babel\ language support for German (pre-1996 orthography),
% including support for the Austrian and Swiss (standard) varieties of German.
% The manual is part of the \textsf{babel-german} bundle.
% \end{abstract}
%
% \section{Aim and usage}
%
% The \babel\ `language definition file' \file{germanb.ldf} documented in this manual provides
% the \babel\ package with all language specific strings, settings and commands needed for writing
% German texts, including texts in the Austrian and Swiss (standard) varieties of German, in \emph{traditional
% (1901--1996) spelling}.\footnote{%
% The file \file{germanb.ldf} started as a re-implementation of the
% package \file{german.sty} (v.\,2.5b), which was originally
% developed by Hubert Partl (cf.\,\cite{HP}) and later maintained by Bernd Raichle
% (cf.\,\cite{gerdoc}). Johannes Braams did the initial re-implementation.}
% As for support for contemporary (`reformed', i.\,e., post-1996) German orthography, please refer to
% the complementary \href{file:ngermanb.pdf}{manual for the \file{ngermanb.ldf} language definition file}.
% The `language definition file' also assures that the correct hyphenation patterns for the respective
% language or variety are used (see sec.~\ref{sec:patterns} for details).
%
% In order to use the language definitions provided here, you need to use
% the \babel\ package and pass the respective language\slash variety name as an
% option, either of
%
% \begin{itemize}
% \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}
% \item |\usepackage[german]{babel}|
% \item |\usepackage[austrian]{babel}|
% \item |\usepackage[swissgerman]{babel}|
% \item |\usepackage[swissgerman.toss]{babel}|\newfeature{2.10}\footnote{%
% See sec.~\ref{sec:toss} on the \Lopt{toss} modifier.}
% \end{itemize}
% Using multiple varieties in parallel is possible;
% consult the \babel\ manual \cite{babel} for details.
%
% \section{Shorthands}
%
% For all three varieties of German, the character |"| is made active
% in order to provide some shorthand macros.
% Some of these shorthands address a peculiarity of pre-1996 German
% spelling: consonantial character combinations that change in the context
% of hyphenations.
% Other shorthands are provided for frequently used
% special characters as well as for better control of hyphenation,
% line breaks and ligatures.
%
% Table~\ref{tab:german-quote} provides an overview of the shorthands
% that are provided by \textsf{babel-german} for \Lopt{german}, \Lopt{austrian}
% and \Lopt{swissgerman}.
%
% \begin{table}[htb]
% \begin{center}
% \small
% \caption{Shorthands provided by \file{germanb.ldf}}\label{tab:german-quote}
% \begin{tabular}{l>{\raggedright}p{.9\textwidth}}
% \toprule
% |"a| & Umlaut \graph{\"a} (shorthand for |\"a|). Similar shorthands are
% available for all other lower- and uppercase
% vowels (umlauts: |"a|, |"o|, |"u|, |"A|, |"O|,
% |"U|; tremata: |"e|, |"i|, |"E|, |"I|). \tabularnewline
% |"s| & German \graph{\ss} (shorthand for |\ss{}|);
% but cf. sec.~\ref{sec:toss}. \tabularnewline
% |"z| & German \graph{\ss} (shorthand for |\ss{}|).
% The difference to |"s| is the uppercase version;
% but cf. sec.~\ref{sec:toss}. \tabularnewline
% |"ck| & \graph{ck}, hyphenated as \graph{k-k}. \tabularnewline
% |"ff| & \graph{ff}, hyphenated as \graph{ff-f};
% this is also implemented for \graph{l}, \graph{m},
% \graph{n}, \graph{p}, \graph{r} and \graph{t}.
% Please refer to sec.~\ref{sec:toss} for why this does not
% include \graph{s}. \tabularnewline
% |"S| & |\uppercase{"s}|, typeset as \graph{SS} (\graph{\ss}
% must be written as \graph{SS} [or \graph{SZ}, see below]
% in uppercase writing). \tabularnewline
% |"Z| & |\uppercase{"z}|, typeset as \graph{SZ} (\graph{\ss}
% must be written as \graph{SZ} [or \graph{SS}, see above]
% in uppercase writing). \tabularnewline
% \verb="|= & Disable ligature at this position (e.\,g., at morpheme
% boundaries, as in \verb=Auf"|lage=). \tabularnewline
% |"-| & An additional breakpoint that does still
% allow for hyphenation at the breakpoints preset in
% the hyphenation patterns (as opposed to |\-|). \tabularnewline
% |"=| & An explicit hyphen with a breakpoint, allowing
% for hyphenation at the other points preset in the
% hyphenation patterns (as opposed to plain |-|);
% useful for long compounds such as
% |IT"=Dienstleisterinnen|. \tabularnewline
% |"~| & An explicit hyphen without a breakpoint. Useful for
% cases where the hyphen should stick at the following
% syllable, e.\,g., |bergauf und "~ab| . \tabularnewline
% |""| & A breakpoint that does not output a hyphen if the line
% break is performed (consider parenthetical extensions
% as in |(pseudo"~)""wissenschaftlich|). \tabularnewline
% |"/| & \newfeature{2.9}A slash that allows for a linebreak.
% As opposed to |\slash{}|, hyphenation at the breakpoints
% preset in the hyphenation patterns is still allowed. \tabularnewline
% |"*| & \newfeature{2.14}An asterisk which assures the word can
% still be hyphenated at its defined breakpoints.
% Useful if you want to employ gender-sensitive writing
% (,gender star`).
% Similar shorthands are available for the alternative
% gender-sensitive spellings, |":| and |"_|. \tabularnewline
% |"x| & \newfeature{2.14}Inserts a gender mark which assures
% the word can still be hyphenated at its defined breakpoints.
% This is predefined to |*| but can be globally redefined
% by redefining the macro |\def\mkgender{*}|. \tabularnewline
% |"`| & German left double quotes \graph{,,}. \tabularnewline
% |"'| & German right double quotes \graph{``}. \tabularnewline
% |"<| & French/Swiss left double quotes \graph{<<}. \tabularnewline
% |">| & French/Swiss right double quotes \graph{>>}. \tabularnewline
% \bottomrule
% \end{tabular}
% \end{center}
% \end{table}
%
% \noindent Table~\ref{tab:more-quote} lists some \babel\ macros for quotation marks
% that might be used as an alternative to the quotation mark shorthands listed above.
% \begin{table}[!h]
% \begin{center}
% \small
% \caption{Alternative commands for quotation marks (provided by \babel)}\label{tab:more-quote}
% \begin{tabular}{lp{.88\textwidth}}
% \toprule
% |\glqq| & German left double quotes \graph{,,}. \tabularnewline
% |\grqq| & German right double quotes \graph{``}. \tabularnewline
% |\glq| & German left single quotes \graph{,}. \tabularnewline
% |\grq| & German right single quotes \graph{`}. \tabularnewline
% |\flqq| & French/Swiss left double quotes \graph{<<}. \tabularnewline
% |\frqq| & French/Swiss right double quotes \graph{>>}. \tabularnewline
% |\flq| & French/Swiss left single quotes \graph{\guilsinglleft}. \tabularnewline
% |\frq| & French/Swiss right single quotes \graph{\guilsinglright}. \tabularnewline
% |\dq| & The straight quotation mark character \graph{\textquotedbl}. \tabularnewline
% \bottomrule
% \end{tabular}
% \end{center}
% \end{table}
%
% \section{Hyphenation patterns}\label{sec:patterns}
%
% The question which hyphenation patterns are used by \Babel\ in case of the varieties of German needs some elaboration.
% There is a set of established hyphenation patterns for pre- and post-1996 German orthography that has been available
% with \TeX\ distributions for a long time (currently, these are shipped in form of the \texttt{dehypht} and \texttt{dehyphn} files).
% These patterns, though, have many flaws (they produce wrong hyphenations, and not much is known about their construction). Therefore, a group
% of people developed completely new patterns that do much better, the so-called `experimental' new hyphenation patterns of German,
% distributed in the \textsf{dehyph-exptl} package \cite{exptl}.
% As opposed to the old patterns, the new ones undergo constant improvement. The price for this, however, is that hyphenation and thus
% the typeset document is subject to change with, and only due to, pattern updates.
%
% Modern engines (i.\,e., \texttt{xetex} and \texttt{luatex}) have already embraced those new patterns, i.\,e., they are activated on these engines by default.
% The classic \TeX\ engines (\texttt{tex}\slash\texttt{pdftex}), however, haven't: they continue to use the old patterns. The reason for this is one
% of \TeX's quality standards: refrain, if ever possible, from changing the output of user's documents in the wake of software updates.
% An exception is (pre-1996) Swiss Standard German: here, the classic engines use the `experimental' patterns by default (since there were no patterns available
% previously anyway).
%
% So you need to explicitly activate the new patterns for a given document (except for \Lopt{swissgerman}) with the classic engines, should you
% want to use them instead of the old ones.
% With \Babel, this can be done easily by means of the \cs{babelprovide} command and the \textsf{hyphenrules} option:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \babelprovide[hyphenrules=german-x-latest]{german}
% \end{verbatim}\vspace{-\baselineskip}
% For \Lopt{austrian}, use a respectively adapted version of the above.
%
%
% \section{Variety-specific options}\label{sec:toss}
%
% In\newfeature{2.10} Swiss (and Liechtensteinian) German writing, the use of \graph{\ss} is rather uncommon.
% Swiss writers would normally use \graph{ss} where German or Austrian writers use the \graph{\ss} character
% (e.\,g., \emph{Bu\ss e} vs.\,\emph{Busse}). When texts (or names) from other German speaking areas are quoted,
% however, the spelling and hence the \graph{\ss} is often maintained (particularly in scholarly writing where
% the spelling of quoted text is not supposed to be touched).
%
% We assume that Swiss writers will normally input \graph{ss} directly when they mean \graph{ss}, and we assume furthermore
% that the \graph{\ss}-related shorthands |"s| and |"z| are useful also for Swiss writers when they actually need \graph{\ss},
% the more so since the \graph{\ss} is not as directly accessible on Swiss keyboards as it is on German and Austrian ones.
% On the other hand, there might be occasions where writers want to transfer a text from German or Austrian Standard into Swiss
% Standard German and adapt the spelling on the fly, i.\,e., transform all \graph{\ss} into \graph{ss}.
%
% For this special case, we provide an option to make the \graph{\ss}-related shorthands |"s| and |"z| expand to the
% respective digraphs\footnote{In graphematics, the term \emph{digraph} denotes two characters that make a functional pair
% (which means, depending on the theoretical assumptions: they represent a single sound or they are semantically distinctive).},
% \graph{ss} and \graph{sz}, rather than to \graph{\ss}. This is not the default behavior with
% \Lopt{swissgerman} since, as mentioned, there are situations when the \graph{\ss} is (and has to be) used in Swiss writing,
% and normally, no shorthand is needed to input (or output) two simple \graph{s} characters. You can opt-in (and out) digraphical
% expansion of |"s| and |"z| on a global and local level:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item To globally switch on the digraphical expansion, use the \Babel\ modifier \Lopt{toss} (read: `to \graph{ss}') with
% \Lopt{swissgerman}. I.\,e., pass \Lopt{swissgerman.toss} (rather than \Lopt{swissgerman}) as \babel\ option.
%
% \item To switch on the digraphical expansion only locally, you can use the boolean switch |\tosstrue|. Likewise,
% |\tossfalse| switches off (both locally and globally set) digraphical expansion.
% \end{itemize}
% Both these changes result in the following deviant behavior of two shorthands:
% \begin{table}[!h]
% \begin{tabular}{l>{\raggedright}p{.9\textwidth}}
% |"s| & Expands to digraph \graph{ss} \tabularnewline
% |"z| & Expands to digraph \graph{sz} \tabularnewline
% \end{tabular}
% \end{table}
%
% \noindent One further note related to the use of \graph{ss} in Swiss Standard German. As opposed to other consonantial letters, the \graph{s}
% is excluded from the three consonant rule (\emph{Dreikonsonantenregel}) of traditional German spelling which prescribes
% that one of three identical consonants has to be omitted if a vowel follows the three consonants (i.\,e., \emph{Schiffahrt},
% not \emph{Schifffahrt}), except if the word is hyphenated (\emph{Schiff-fahrt}); the shorthands |"ff| etc. account for that.
% This does not apply to \graph{s}! In that case, always all three consonants are spelled out (e.\,g., \emph{Kongresssaal},
% not \emph{Kongressaal}). This is why we don't provide a shorthand for the \graph{sss} case.
%
%
% \StopEventually{}
%
% \section{Implementation}
%
% \subsection{General settings}
%
%
% If \file{germanb.ldf} is read via the deprecated \babel\ option
% \Lopt{germanb}, we make it behave as if \Lopt{german} was specified.
% \changes{Version 2.6m}{2008/06/01}{Corrected a typo}
% \begin{macrocode}
\def\tmpa{germanb}
\let\SaveCurrentOption\CurrentOption
\ifx\CurrentOption\tmpa
\def\CurrentOption{german}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
%
% The macro |\LdfInit| takes care of preventing that this file is
% loaded more than once with the same option, checking the category
% code of the \texttt{@} sign, etc.
% \changes{Version 2.6d}{1996/11/02}{Now use \cs{LdfInit} to perform
% initial checks}
% \begin{macrocode}
\LdfInit\CurrentOption{captions\CurrentOption}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% We define some helper macros that help us to identify later on
% which variety of German we are currently dealing with.
% \changes{Version 2.9a=Version 2.10}{2016/11/03}{Add helper macros to identify the current option.}
% \changes{Version 2.9d=Version 2.13}{2021/02/27}{Move option helper macros after \cs{LdfInit} to fix plain tex usage.}
% \iffalse
%<*germanb>
% \fi
% \begin{macrocode}
\def\bbl@opt@german{german}
\def\bbl@opt@germanb{germanb}
\def\bbl@opt@austrian{austrian}
\def\bbl@opt@swissgerman{swissgerman}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Some more work to make germanb behave like german.
% \changes{Version 2.6l}{2008/03/17}{Making germanb behave like german
% needs some more work besides defining \cs{CurrentOption}}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\SaveCurrentOption\bbl@opt@germanb
\ifx\l@german\@undefined
\@nopatterns{German (trad. orthography)}
\adddialect\l@german0
\fi
\let\l@germanb\l@german
\AtBeginDocument{%
\let\captionsgermanb\captionsgerman
\let\dategermanb\dategerman
\let\extrasgermanb\extrasgerman
\let\noextrasgermanb\noextrasgerman
}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
%
% If \file{germanb.ldf} is read as an option, i.e. via |\usepackage|
% command, \Lopt{german} could be an `unknown' language, so we
% have to make it known. We check for the existence of
% |\l@german| and issue a warning if it is unknown.
%
% \changes{Version 2.0}{1991/04/23}{Now use \cs{adddialect} if
% language undefined}
% \changes{Version 2.2d}{1991/10/27}{Removed use of \cs{@ifundefined}}
% \changes{Version 2.3e}{1991/11/10}{Added warning, if no german
% patterns loaded}
% \changes{Version 2.5c}{1994/06/26}{Now use \cs{@nopatterns} to
% produce the warning}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\l@german\@undefined
\@nopatterns{German (trad. orthography)}
\adddialect\l@german0
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
%
% We set \Lopt{austrian} as a dialect of \Lopt{german},
% since the Austrian variety uses the same hyphenation patterns as
% Germany's Standard German. If no German patterns are found, we issue
% a warning.
% \changes{Version 2.0}{1991/04/23}{Now use \cs{adddialect} for
% austrian}
% \changes{Version 2.8}{2016/11/01}{Only add Austrian dialect if \Lopt{austrian} is loaded}
% \changes{Version 2.9}{2016/11/02}{Do not attempt to load \cs{l@austrian}, which does not exist}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@austrian
\ifx\l@german\@undefined
\@nopatterns{German (trad. orthography), needed by Austrian (trad. orthography)}
\adddialect\l@austrian0
\else
\adddialect\l@austrian\l@german
\fi
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
%
% For the Swiss variety, we attempt to load the specific
% \Lopt{swissgerman} hyphenation patterns and fall back to
% \Lopt{german} if those are not available.
% If no patterns are found, we issue a warning.
% \changes{Version 2.7b}{2014/10/10}{Do not warn about missing swissgerman patterns
% if \Lopt{swissgerman} is not loaded}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@swissgerman
\ifx\l@swissgerman\@undefined
\ifx\l@german\@undefined
\@nopatterns{Swiss Standard German (trad. orthography) and German (trad. orthography)}
\adddialect\l@swissgerman0
\else
\@nopatterns{Swiss Standard German (trad. orthography)}
\adddialect\l@swissgerman\l@german
\fi
\fi
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Language-specific strings (captions)}
%
% The next step consists of defining macros that provide language specific strings
% and settings.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@captionsgerman}
% The macro |\@captionsgerman| defines all strings used in the four
% standard document classes provided with \LaTeX\ for German.
% This is an internal macro that is inherited and modified by the following
% macros for the respective language varieties.
%
% \changes{Version 2.2}{1991/06/06}{Removed \cs{global} definitions}
% \changes{Version 2.2}{1991/06/06}{\cs{pagename} should be
% \cs{headpagename}}
% \changes{Version 2.3e}{1991/11/10}{Added \cs{prefacename},
% \cs{seename} and \cs{alsoname}}
% \changes{Version 2.4}{1993/07/15}{\cs{headpagename} should be
% \cs{pagename}}
% \changes{Version 2.6b}{1995/07/04}{Added \cs{proofname} for
% AMS-\LaTeX}
% \changes{Version 2.6d}{1996/07/10}{Construct control sequence on the
% fly}
% \changes{Version 2.6j}{2000/09/20}{Added \cs{glossaryname}}
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Split \cs{captionsgerman} from
% \cs{captionsaustrian} and
% \cs{captionsswissgerman}.}
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Changed \cs{enclname} in
% \Lopt{austrian} to
% \emph{Beilage(n)}.}
% \changes{Version 2.8}{2016/11/01}{Define trans-variational base captions
% which are loaded and modified by the varieties}
% \begin{macrocode}
\@namedef{@captionsgerman}{%
\def\prefacename{Vorwort}%
\def\refname{Literatur}%
\def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung}%
\def\bibname{Literaturverzeichnis}%
\def\chaptername{Kapitel}%
\def\appendixname{Anhang}%
\def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}%
\def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}%
\def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}%
\def\indexname{Index}%
\def\figurename{Abbildung}%
\def\tablename{Tabelle}%
\def\partname{Teil}%
\def\enclname{Anlage(n)}%
\def\ccname{Verteiler}%
\def\headtoname{An}%
\def\pagename{Seite}%
\def\seename{siehe}%
\def\alsoname{siehe auch}%
\def\proofname{Beweis}%
\def\glossaryname{Glossar}%
}
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\captionsgerman}
% The macro |\captionsgerman| is identical to |\@captionsgerman|,
% but only defined if \Lopt{german} is requested.
% \changes{Version 2.8}{2016/11/01}{Only define \cs{captionsgerman} if
% \Lopt{german} is requested.}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@german
\@namedef{captionsgerman}{%
\@nameuse{@captionsgerman}%
}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\captionsaustrian}
% The macro |\captionsaustrian| builds on |\@captionsgerman|, but
% redefines some strings following Austrian conventions (for the
% respective variants, cf. \cite{vwb}). It is only defined if
% \Lopt{austrian} is requested.
% \changes{Version 2.8}{2016/11/01}{Only define \cs{captionsaustrian} if
% \Lopt{austrian} is requested.}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@austrian
\@namedef{captionsaustrian}{%
\@nameuse{@captionsgerman}%
\def\enclname{Beilage(n)}%
}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\captionsswissgerman}
% The macro |\captionsswissgerman| builds on |\@captionsgerman|, but
% redefines some strings following Swiss conventions (for the
% respective variants, cf. \cite{vwb}). It is only defined if
% \Lopt{swissgerman} is requested.
% \changes{Version 2.8}{2016/11/01}{Only define \cs{captionsswissgerman} if
% \Lopt{swissgerman} is requested.}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@swissgerman
\@namedef{captionsswissgerman}{%
\@nameuse{@captionsgerman}%
\def\enclname{Beilage(n)}%
}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Date localizations}
%
% \begin{macro}{\month@german}
% The macro |\month@german| defines German month names for all varieties.
% \changes{Version 2.3e}{1991/11/10}{Added \cs{month@german}}
% \begin{macrocode}
\def\month@german{\ifcase\month\or
Januar\or Februar\or M\"arz\or April\or Mai\or Juni\or
Juli\or August\or September\or Oktober\or November\or Dezember\fi}
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\dategerman}
% The macro |\dategerman| redefines the command
% |\today| to produce German dates. It is only defined if
% \Lopt{german} is requested.
% \changes{Version 2.6f}{1997/10/01}{Use \cs{edef} to define
% \cs{today} to save memory}
% \changes{Version 2.6f}{1998/03/28}{use \cs{def} instead of
% \cs{edef}}
% \changes{Version 2.8}{2016/11/01}{Only define \cs{dategerman} if
% \Lopt{german} is requested.}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@german
\def\dategerman{\def\today{\number\day.~\month@german
\space\number\year}}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\dateswissgerman}
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Added \cs{dateswissgerman}.}
% The macro |\dateswissgerman| does the same for Swiss Standard German dates. It
% is only defined if \Lopt{swissgerman} is requested.
% The result is identical to German.
% \changes{Version 2.8}{2016/11/01}{Only define \cs{dateswissgerman} if
% \Lopt{swissgerman} is requested.}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@swissgerman
\def\dateswissgerman{\def\today{\number\day.~\month@german
\space\number\year}}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\dateaustrian}
% The macro |\dateaustrian| redefines the command
% |\today| to produce Austrian versions of the German dates.
% Here, the naming of January (,,J\"anner``) differs from the
% other German varieties. The macro is only defined if
% \Lopt{austrian} is requested.
% \changes{Version 2.6f}{1997/10/01}{Use \cs{edef} to define
% \cs{today} to save memory}
% \changes{Version 2.6f}{1998/03/28}{use \cs{def} instead of
% \cs{edef}}
% \changes{Version 2.8}{2016/11/01}{Only define \cs{dateaustrian} if
% \Lopt{austrian} is requested.}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@austrian
\def\dateaustrian{\def\today{\number\day.~\ifnum1=\month
J\"anner\else \month@german\fi \space\number\year}}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Extras}
%
% \begin{macro}{\extrasgerman}
% \changes{Version 2.0b}{1991/05/29}{added some comment chars to
% prevent white space}
% \changes{Version 2.2}{1991/06/11}{Save all redefined macros}
% \begin{macro}{\extrasaustrian}
% \begin{macro}{\extrasswissgerman}
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Added \cs{extrasswissgerman}.}
% \begin{macro}{\noextrasaustrian}
% \begin{macro}{\noextrasswissgerman}
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Added \cs{noextrasswissgerman}.}
% \begin{macro}{\noextrasgerman}
% \changes{Version 1.1}{1990/07/30}{Added \cs{dieresis}}
% \changes{Version 2.0b}{1991/05/29}{added some comment chars to
% prevent white space}
% \changes{Version 2.2}{1991/06/11}{Try to restore everything to its
% former state}
% \changes{Version 2.6d}{1996/07/10}{Construct control sequence
% \cs{extrasgerman} or \cs{extrasaustrian} on the fly}
%
% The macros |\extrasgerman|, |\extrasaustrian|
% and |\extrasswissgerman|, respectively, will perform all the extra
% definitions needed for the German language or the respective
% variety. The macro |\noextrasgerman| is used to cancel the
% actions of |\extrasgerman|. |\noextrasaustrian| and
% |\noextrasswissgerman| behave analoguously.
%
% First, the character \texttt{"} is declared active for all German
% varieties. This is done once, later on its definition may vary.
% \begin{macrocode}
\initiate@active@char{"}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Depending on the option with which the language definition file
% has been loaded, the macro |\extrasgerman|, |\extrasaustrian|
% or |\extrasswissgerman| is defined. Each of those is identical:
% they load the shorthands defined below and activate the \texttt{"}
% character.
% \begin{macrocode}
\@namedef{extras\CurrentOption}{%
\languageshorthands{german}}
\expandafter\addto\csname extras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
\bbl@activate{"}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \changes{Version 2.9a=Version 2.10}{2018/03/28}{Implement boolean switch
% \cs{tosstrue}\slash\cs{tossfalse} to customize \graph{\ss}-related
% shorthands in Swiss Standard German context.}
% \changes{Version 2.9a=Version 2.10}{2018/03/28}{Implement modifier \Lopt{toss}
% to customize \graph{\ss}-related shorthands in Swiss Standard German context.}
% \begin{macro}{toss}
% \begin{macro}{\tosstrue}
% \begin{macro}{\tossfalse}
% For Swiss Standard German, we allow optionally to expand the \graph{\ss}-related
% shorthands the Swiss way, i.\,e. as \graph{ss} (globally, if the modifier \Lopt{toss}
% is used or locally if |\tosstrue|.).
% \begin{macrocode}
\newif\iftoss\tossfalse
\newif\ifbbl@toss\bbl@tossfalse
\ifx\bbl@mod@swissgerman\@undefined\else
\@expandtwoargs\in@{,toss,}{,\bbl@mod@swissgerman,}
\ifin@
\tosstrue
\fi
\addto\extrasswissgerman{%
\iftoss\bbl@tosstrue\else\bbl@tossfalse\fi}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% Next, again depending on the option with which the language definition
% file has been loaded, the macro |\noextrasgerman|, |\noextrasaustrian|
% or |\noextrasswissgerman| is defined.
% These deactivate the \texttt{"} character and thus turn the shorthands
% off again outside of the respective variety.
% \changes{Version 2.6i}{1999/12/16}{Deactivate shorthands outside of
% German.}
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Deactivate shorthands also outside of
% \Lopt{austrian} and \Lopt{swissgerman}.}
% \begin{macrocode}
\expandafter\addto\csname noextras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
\bbl@deactivate{"}}
\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@swissgerman
\addto\noextrasswissgerman{\bbl@tossfalse}
\fi
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \changes{Version 2.6a}{1995/02/15}{All the code to handle the active
% double quote has been moved to \file{babel.def}}
%
% In order for \TeX\ to be able to hyphenate German words which
% contain `\ss' (in the \texttt{OT1} position |^^Y|) we have to
% give the character a nonzero |\lccode| (see Appendix H, the \TeX
% book).
% \changes{Version 2.6c}{1996/04/08}{Use decimal number instead of
% hat-notation as the hat may be activated}
% \begin{macrocode}
\expandafter\addto\csname extras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
\babel@savevariable{\lccode25}%
\lccode25=25}
% \end{macrocode}
% \changes{Version 2.6a}{1995/02/15}{Removeed \cs{3} as it is no
% longer in \file{germanb.ldf}}
%
% The umlaut accent macro |\"| is changed to lower the umlaut dots.
% The redefinition is done with the help of |\umlautlow|.
% \begin{macrocode}
\expandafter\addto\csname extras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
\babel@save\"\umlautlow}
% \end{macrocode}
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Do not use \cs{@namedef} when
% \cs{noextras} is already defined and should not be overwritten.}
% \begin{macrocode}
\expandafter\addto\csname noextras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
\umlauthigh}
% \end{macrocode}
% The German hyphenation patterns can be used with |\lefthyphenmin|
% and |\righthyphenmin| set to~2.
% \changes{Version 2.6a}{1995/05/13}{use \cs{germanhyphenmins} to store
% the correct values}
% \changes{Version 2.6j}{2000/09/22}{Now use \cs{providehyphenmins} to
% provide a default value}
% \begin{macrocode}
\providehyphenmins{\CurrentOption}{\tw@\tw@}
% \end{macrocode}
% For German texts we need to assure that |\frenchspacing| is
% turned on.
% \changes{Version 2.6k}{2001/01/26}{Turn frenchspacing on, as in
% \file{german.sty}}
% \begin{macrocode}
\expandafter\addto\csname extras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
\bbl@frenchspacing}
\expandafter\addto\csname noextras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
\bbl@nonfrenchspacing}
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \changes{Version 2.6a}{1995/02/15}{\cs{umlautlow} and
% \cs{umlauthigh} moved to \file{glyphs.dtx}, as well as
% \cs{newumlaut} (now \cs{lower@umlaut}}
%
% \subsection{Active characters, macros \& shorthands}
%
% The following code is necessary because we need an extra active
% character. This character is then used as indicated in
% table~\ref{tab:german-quote}.
%
% In order to be able to define the function of |"|, we first define a
% couple of `support' macros.
%
% \changes{Version 2.3e}{1991/11/10}{Added \cs{save@sf@q} macro and
% rewrote all quote macros to use it}
% \changes{Version 2.3h}{1991/02/16}{moved definition of
% \cs{allowhyphens}, \cs{set@low@box} and \cs{save@sf@q} to
% \file{babel.com}}
% \changes{Version 2.6a}{1995/02/15}{Moved all quotation characters to
% \file{glyphs.dtx}}
%
% \begin{macro}{\dq}
% We save the original double quotation mark character in |\dq| to keep
% it available, the math accent |\"| can now be typed as |"|.
%
% Furthermore, we define some helper macros for contextual \graph{\ss} handling.
% \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup \catcode`\"12
\def\x{\endgroup
\def\dq{"}
\def\@SS{\mathchar"7019 }
\def\bbl@ss{\ifbbl@toss ss\else\textormath{\ss}{\@SS{}}\fi}
\def\bbl@SS{SS}
\def\bbl@sz{\ifbbl@toss sz\else\textormath{\ss}{\@SS{}}\fi}
\def\bbl@SZ{SZ}
}
\x
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \changes{Version 2.6c}{1996/01/24}{Moved \cs{german@dq@disc} to
% babel.def, calling it \cs{bbl@disc}}
%
% \changes{Version 2.6a}{1995/02/15}{Use \cs{ddot} instead of
% \cs{@MATHUMLAUT}}
%
% Since we need to add special cases for hyperref which needs hyperref's |\texorpdfstring|,
% we provide a dummy command for the case that hyperref is not loaded.
% \changes{Version 2.9c=Version 2.12}{2020/07/21}{Properly handle shorthands in hyperref pdf strings}
% \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand\texorpdfstring[2]{#1}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Now we can define the doublequote shorthands: the umlauts,
% \changes{Version 2.6c}{1996/05/30}{added the \cs{allowhyphens}}
% \begin{macrocode}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"a}{\textormath{\"{a}\bbl@allowhyphens}{\ddot a}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"o}{\textormath{\"{o}\bbl@allowhyphens}{\ddot o}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"u}{\textormath{\"{u}\bbl@allowhyphens}{\ddot u}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"A}{\textormath{\"{A}\bbl@allowhyphens}{\ddot A}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"O}{\textormath{\"{O}\bbl@allowhyphens}{\ddot O}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"U}{\textormath{\"{U}\bbl@allowhyphens}{\ddot U}}
% \end{macrocode}
% tremata,
% \begin{macrocode}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"e}{\textormath{\"{e}}{\ddot e}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"E}{\textormath{\"{E}}{\ddot E}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"i}{\textormath{\"{\i}}%
{\ddot\imath}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"I}{\textormath{\"{I}}{\ddot I}}
% \end{macrocode}
% German \ss{},
% \changes{Version 2.6f}{1997/05/08}{use \cs{SS} instead of
% \texttt{SS}, removed braces after \cs{ss}}
% \begin{macrocode}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"s}{\bbl@ss}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"S}{\bbl@SS}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"z}{\bbl@sz}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"Z}{\bbl@SZ}
% \end{macrocode}
% German and French/Swiss quotation marks,
% \begin{macrocode}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"`}{\glqq}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"'}{\grqq}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"<}{\flqq}
\declare@shorthand{german}{">}{\frqq}
% \end{macrocode}
% discretionary commands
% \begin{macrocode}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"c}{\textormath{\bbl@disc ck}{c}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"C}{\textormath{\bbl@disc CK}{C}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"F}{\textormath{\bbl@disc F{FF}}{F}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"l}{\textormath{\bbl@disc l{ll}}{l}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"L}{\textormath{\bbl@disc L{LL}}{L}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"m}{\textormath{\bbl@disc m{mm}}{m}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"M}{\textormath{\bbl@disc M{MM}}{M}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"n}{\textormath{\bbl@disc n{nn}}{n}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"N}{\textormath{\bbl@disc N{NN}}{N}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"p}{\textormath{\bbl@disc p{pp}}{p}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"P}{\textormath{\bbl@disc P{PP}}{P}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"r}{\textormath{\bbl@disc r{rr}}{r}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"R}{\textormath{\bbl@disc R{RR}}{R}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"t}{\textormath{\bbl@disc t{tt}}{t}}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"T}{\textormath{\bbl@disc T{TT}}{T}}
% \end{macrocode}
% (we need to treat |"f| a bit differently in order to preserve the
% ff-ligature)
% \changes{Version 2.6f}{1998/06/15}{Copied the coding for \texttt{"f}
% from german.dtx version 2.5d}
% \begin{macrocode}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"f}{%
\texorpdfstring{\textormath{\bbl@discff}{f}}% TeX string
{f}% PDF string
}
\def\bbl@discff{\penalty\@M
\afterassignment\bbl@insertff \let\bbl@nextff= }
\def\bbl@insertff{%
\if f\bbl@nextff
\expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi
{\relax\discretionary{ff-}{f}{ff}\bbl@allowhyphens}{f\bbl@nextff}}
\let\bbl@nextff=f
% \end{macrocode}
% and some additional commands (hyphenation, line breaking and ligature control):
% \changes{Version 2.9}{2016/11/02}{Add \texttt{"/} shortcut for breakable slash
% (taken from \file{dutch.ldf})}
% \changes{Version 2.9b=Version 2.11}{2018/12/08}{Fix old hyphenation regression introduced with \babel\ 3.7
% (2002) in a number of shorthands (change of meaning of \cs{allowhyphens}
% vs. \cs{bbl@allowhyphens})}
% \begin{macrocode}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"-}{\nobreak\-\bbl@allowhyphens}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"|}{%
\texorpdfstring{\textormath{\penalty\@M\discretionary{-}{}{\kern.03em}\bbl@allowhyphens}{}}% TeX string
{}% PDF string
}
\declare@shorthand{german}{""}{\hskip\z@skip}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"~}{%
\texorpdfstring{\textormath{\leavevmode\hbox{-}}{-}}% tex string
{-}% PDF string
}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"=}{\penalty\@M-\hskip\z@skip}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"/}{\textormath
{\bbl@allowhyphens\discretionary{/}{}{/}\bbl@allowhyphens}{}}
% \end{macrocode}
% and some shorthands to support gender-sensitive spelling:
% \changes{Version 2.9e=Version 2.14}{2024/01/19}{Add \texttt{"*}, \texttt{":}, \texttt{"\_}, and \texttt{"x}
% shorthands to support gender-sensitive writing}
% \begin{macrocode}
\def\mkgender{*}
\declare@shorthand{german}{":}{\nobreak:\bbl@allowhyphens}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"*}{\nobreak*\bbl@allowhyphens}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"_}{\nobreak\_\bbl@allowhyphens}
\declare@shorthand{german}{"x}{\nobreak\mkgender\bbl@allowhyphens}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\mdqon}
% \begin{macro}{\mdqoff}
% \begin{macro}{\ck}
% All that's left to do now is to define a couple of commands
% for reasons of compatibility with \file{german.sty}.
% \changes{Version 2.6f}{1998/06/07}{Now use \cs{shorthandon} and
% \cs{shorthandoff}}
% \begin{macrocode}
\def\mdqon{\shorthandon{"}}
\def\mdqoff{\shorthandoff{"}}
\def\ck{\bbl@allowhyphens\discretionary{k-}{k}{ck}\bbl@allowhyphens}
% \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% The macro |\ldf@finish| takes care of looking for a
% configuration file, setting the main language to be switched on
% at |\begin{document}| and resetting the category code of
% \texttt{@} to its original value.
% \changes{Version 2.6d}{1996/11/02}{Now use \cs{ldf@finish} to wrap
% up}
% \begin{macrocode}
\ldf@finish\CurrentOption
% \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</germanb>
% \fi
%
%
% \subsection{\file{austrian.ldf}, \file{german.ldf} and \file{swissgerman.ldf}}
%
% \changes{Version 2.7}{2013/12/13}{Generate portmanteau files \file{austrian.ldf},
% \file{german.ldf} and \file{swissgerman.ldf}.}
%
% \Babel\ expects a \file{\langvar{}.ldf} file for each \langvar. So we create portmanteau
% ldf files for \Lopt{austrian}, \Lopt{german} and \Lopt{swissgerman}.\footnote{%
% For \Lopt{austrian} and \Lopt{german}, this is not strictly necessary,
% since \babel\ provides aliases for these languages (pointing to \Lopt{germanb}).
% However, since \babel\ does not officially support these aliases anymore after
% the language definition files have been separated from the core, we provide
% the whole range of ldf files for the sake of completeness.} These files themselves
% only load \file{germanb.ldf}, which does the real work:
%
% \iffalse
%<*austrian|german|swissgerman>
% \fi
% \begin{macrocode}
\input germanb.ldf\relax
% \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</austrian|german|swissgerman>
% \fi
%
%
%\PrintChanges
%
% \begin{thebibliography}{9}
% \bibitem{vwb} Ammon, Ulrich et al.:
% \emph{Variantenw\"orterbuch des Deutschen. Die Standardsprache in \"Osterreich, der Schweiz
% und Deutschland sowie in Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Ostbelgien und S\"udtirol.}