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Consider replacing tone numbers 7, 8, 9 in Yale with 1, 3, 6 #1

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AlienKevin opened this issue Jun 10, 2022 · 4 comments
Open

Consider replacing tone numbers 7, 8, 9 in Yale with 1, 3, 6 #1

AlienKevin opened this issue Jun 10, 2022 · 4 comments

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@AlienKevin
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AlienKevin commented Jun 10, 2022

As defined in various sources, the Yale romanization uses numbers 1-6 exclusively. Number 1, 3, and 6 are used for 上陰入, 下陰入, and 陽入. Please consider replacing tone numbers 7, 8, 9 in Yale with 1, 3, 6. Thanks for developing this awesome lookup table.

Wikipedia entry on 耶魯拼音 (Retrieve Jun 9, 2022)

編號 聲調 標調方法
1 陰平(高平)、陰入
1 陰平(高降)
2 陰上
3 陰去、中入 si
4 陽平 sìh
5 陽上 síh
6 陽去、陽入 sih

Chapter on Cantonese Romanizaton in Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language

"The peculiarity as a result of using tone letter h causes some later versions to discard it altogether and replace the diacritics with tone number: /55/ (or /53/, /5/), /25/, /33/ (or /3/), /21/, /23/, and /22/ (or /2/) are numbered from 1 to 6. In this ‘simplified’ version, yuht yúh and gwóng dūng wá are given as yut6 yu5 and gwong2 dung1 wa2" (emphasis mine).

粵拼與其他粵語拼音方案對照表 on jyutping.org

調類 調值 例字 IPA 粵拼 廣拼 教院 耶魯 劉錫祥
陰平 53 / 55 ˥˧ / ˥ 1 1 1 à / ā / 1 1 / 1°
陰上 35 ˧˥ 2 2 2 á / 2 2
陰去 33 ˧ 3 3 3 a / 3 3
陽平 21 ˨˩ 4 4 4 àh / 4 4
陽上 13 ˩˧ 5 5 5 áh / 5 5
陽去 22 ˨ 6 6 6 ah / 6 6
上陰入 5 ˥ 1 1 7 / 1 āt / 1 1
下陰入 3 ˧ 3 3 8 / 3 at / 3 3
陽入 2 ˨ 6 6 9 / 6 aht / 6 6

耶魯拼音一般用聲調符號嚟標調,並且喺陽聲調嘅元音後邊加 h。喺唔方便用聲調符號嗰陣,亦會使用數字標調
粵語廣州話嘅陰平調有 53 同 55 兩種調值,又分別叫「上陰平」同「下陰平」。現代粵語中呢兩種調值一般爲自由變體,冇特別區分,所以粵拼、廣拼、教院方案都用調號 1 代表陰平調;而耶魯、劉錫祥就有區分呢兩種調值。對於三個入聲調,教院方案可用 7、8、9 標,亦可用 1、3、6 標。

Solution

I wrote three simple regular expressions in JavaScript style to replace the tone numbers in pingyambiu.

  1. Replace ^([a-z]+)7\t with $11\t
  2. Replace ^([a-z]+)8\t with $13\t
  3. Replace ^([a-z]+)9\t with $16\t
@BradKML
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BradKML commented Jun 10, 2022

is it possible to add a t before the 7/8/9?

@AlienKevin
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What do you mean by adding a t before the 7/8/9? Are you referring to the 入聲 t or the tab character \t?

@BradKML
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BradKML commented Jun 12, 2022

入聲

@AlienKevin
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I think these two paragraphs about 九聲六調 in Wikipedia should clarify your question. In summary, there are only 6 pitch levels in Cantonese but traditional phonetics considers the duration property in addition to pitch levels when counting the number of tones. Since 入聲 syllables have a shorter duration when pronounced, they are said to have a different "tone". Thus, Cantonese is said to have 9 tones traditionally. However, since there are only 3 入聲 endings in Cantonese (namely p, t, k), it's easy to distinguish them from non-入聲 syllables. Thus, Jyutping and other romanizations didn't use 7, 8, and 9 to mark the three 入聲 tones.

九聲調
如果依據傳統漢語音韻學的定義,即使兩個音節調值相同,但我們還要再看它是否帶入聲韻尾,即其頓挫性質是否相同,而決定它們是否屬於兩個不同的聲調。北宋廣韻》就分漢字為「四聲。按此,標準粵語的聲調有9個,分別爲:1. 陰平、2. 陰上、3. 陰去、4. 陽平、5. 陽上、6. 陽去、7. 陰入(上陰入)、8. 中入(下陰入)、9. 陽入。1940年代開發的黃錫凌羅馬拼音,以及1970年代開發的教育學院拼音方案,皆採用這種定義,以數字1至9來標示9個聲調。[2]在這情況下,要判別一個字是否屬於入聲,可以只看標調的代表數字是否7、8和9,也可以看其拼音的韻尾字母是否 -p、-t、-k。[3]

六聲調
如果依據語言學分析上的定義,只要兩個音節的調值相同,就視爲同一聲調。按此,標準粵語的聲調有6個,分別爲:1. 陰平+陰入、2. 陰上、3. 陰去+中入、4. 陽平、5. 陽上、6. 陽去+陽入。1993年開發的香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案,就採用這種定義,以數字1至6來標示6個聲調。[4]在這情況下,要判別一個字是否屬於入聲,必須看其拼音的韻尾字母是否 -p、-t、-k ,不能只看標調的代表數字。

Wikipedia didn't say whether Yale should be using 9 or 6 tones. However, several sources I found showed that Yale follows Jyutping in using the 6 tone notation.

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