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<title>Lancelot Prégniard - La voiture autonome de demain : innovation en Deep Learning, Computer Vision et questions éthiques</title>
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<h1 class="font-weight-light mb-0">Autonomous Vehicles </h1>
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<h2 class="font-weight-light mb-0"> A blog about Self-driving cars, Deep Learning, Computer Vision and Ethics </h2>
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<h4 class="font-weight-light ">
This blog presents the results of a short technological watch about Autonomous Vehicles as part of an exercise of the École Centrale de Lyon Computer Science and Data Science Masters degree. Its goal is to present the state of AV as of March 2020.
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<h2 class="text-center text-uppercase text-secondary mb-0">Autonomous Vehicles, now</h2>
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Since 2018, the industry have been developing really fast and is now in the middle of a fast pace competition. However, as the technologies and the prototypes moved forward, the buzz words in the media switched from “robot-taxis”, “self-driving cars” to “safety” and “advanced driver assistance systems” (i.e. semi-autonomous vehicles). The reason ? The fall of the hype around AV and a global disillusionment following the death of a pedestrian in Tempe, Arizona, during the test of an Uber self driving vehicle.
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2020 is set to be the year of strategic alliances, safety-focused development and slow deployment or tests of semi-autonomous vehicles to fully-autonomous vehicles, in a very controlled space. While the corporate capitals and ventures seem infinite, the main goal for AV manufacturers is now to gain people’s confidence. A study by Gartner says that the technology could be mature by 2025.
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Nevertheless, autonomous vehicles are a very important subject for cities and governments all around the globe, that aim to make the roads safer and to improve the population quality of life. Many major projects are being carried out in developed countries, such as the UK, Germany or Japan :
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<h5 class="font-weight "> Some important projects carried out by governments : </h5>
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Driverless pods go on trial to the British public for the first time<a href="https://t.co/XRh3hIuf1Y">pic.twitter.com/XRh3hIuf1Y</a><br>via <a href="https://twitter.com/TheSun?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@TheSun</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDrivingCars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDrivingCars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/driverlessCars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#driverlessCars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/autonomous?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#autonomous</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/selfdriving?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#selfdriving</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/mobility?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#mobility</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AI?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AI</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/driverless?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#driverless</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/SpirosMargaris?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SpirosMargaris</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Paula_Piccard?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Paula_Piccard</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/mvollmer1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@mvollmer1</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/PawlowskiMario?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@PawlowskiMario</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/evankirstel?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@evankirstel</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/alvinfoo?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@alvinfoo</a></p>— Jeroen Bartelse (@JeroenBartelse) <a href="https://twitter.com/JeroenBartelse/status/1222264259318636544?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 28, 2020</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Today, the German Minister of Transport and Digital Infrastructure <a href="https://twitter.com/AndiScheuer?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@AndiScheuer</a> announced a major autonomous mobility project coming soon in three German cities: Rehau, <a href="https://twitter.com/StadtHof1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@StadtHof1</a> and @stadtkronachHof including 7 NAVYA AUTONOM SHUTTLES and handed over the grant to Rehau. <a href="https://t.co/wZTo3adfa5">https://t.co/wZTo3adfa5</a></p>— NAVYA (@NAVYA_Group) <a href="https://twitter.com/NAVYA_Group/status/1219677956982890498?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 21, 2020</a>
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p lang="fr" dir="ltr">Direction générale du Trésor - Le premier service public de mobilité autonome sur route ouverte au Japon sera équipé par la PME française NAVYA <a href="https://t.co/09bV67yBQh">https://t.co/09bV67yBQh</a></p>— NAVYA (@NAVYA_Group) <a href="https://twitter.com/NAVYA_Group/status/1224635644275806208?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 4, 2020</a>
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<h5 class="font-weight "> 2020 also shows the diversification of Autonomous vehicles :</h5>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Driverless?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Driverless</a> bicycle is one of the latest <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AutonomousVehicles?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AutonomousVehicles</a> leveraging <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDriving?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDriving</a> technology >>> <a href="https://twitter.com/Tsinghua_Uni?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Tsinghua_Uni</a> via <a href="https://twitter.com/MikeQuindazzi?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@MikeQuindazzi</a> >>> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AI?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AI</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/IoT?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#IoT</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Automation?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Automation</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/makeyourownlane?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#makeyourownlane</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/4IR?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#4IR</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Robotics?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Robotics</a> <a href="https://t.co/U4YRFdLVUN">pic.twitter.com/U4YRFdLVUN</a></p>— Mike Quindazzi ✨ (@MikeQuindazzi) <a href="https://twitter.com/MikeQuindazzi/status/1225238301151461377?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 6, 2020</a>
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<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/BMW?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#BMW</a> has released a riderless <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/bike?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#bike</a> that is operated by a remote <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/robot?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#robot</a> - via <a href="https://twitter.com/mashable?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@mashable</a><br><br>Read <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDrivingCars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDrivingCars</a> news<a href="https://t.co/bpSD60NE0w">https://t.co/bpSD60NE0w</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/driverlesscars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#driverlesscars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/autonomouscars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#autonomouscars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/autonomousvehicles?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#autonomousvehicles</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/selfdriving?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#selfdriving</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/driverless?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#driverless</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/robocars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#robocars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/cars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#cars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/automotive?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#automotive</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/technology?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#technology</a> <a href="https://t.co/2SQn4JMqZS">pic.twitter.com/2SQn4JMqZS</a></p>— Self-Driving Cars 360° - News & Technology Radar (@selfdriving360) <a href="https://twitter.com/selfdriving360/status/1234647428285915136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 3, 2020</a>
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<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
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<h5 class="font-weight "> Still a promising field :</h5>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Gartner forecasts 740k plus <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Autonomous?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Autonomous</a>-ready vehicles to be added to the global market in 2023 >>> <a href="https://twitter.com/Gartner_IT?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Gartner_IT</a> via <a href="https://twitter.com/MikeQuindazzi?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@MikeQuindazzi</a> >>> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/IoT?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#IoT</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/5G?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#5G</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AutonomousVehicles?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AutonomousVehicles</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AI?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AI</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Robotics?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Robotics</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/makeyourownlane?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#makeyourownlane</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDrivingCar?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDrivingCar</a> >>> <a href="https://t.co/8kQviK4Von">https://t.co/8kQviK4Von</a> <a href="https://t.co/bF0TfYjKmj">pic.twitter.com/bF0TfYjKmj</a></p>— Mike Quindazzi ✨ (@MikeQuindazzi) <a href="https://twitter.com/MikeQuindazzi/status/1233271369258938369?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 28, 2020</a>
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<h5 class="font-weight "> References </h5>
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<a href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/02/after-2019s-reality-check-whats-ahead-for-driverless-cars-in-2020/">
Challenges of 2020 by techcrunch.com (January 2020)
</a>
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</section>
<!-- Technology -->
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<h2 class="text-uppercase text-secondary mb-0">Innovation in Technology</h2>
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2020 is no exception to the recent depth rush for neural networks. GPUs have become faster, cheaper and above everything, more powerful. NVIDIA now provides the best and afforadble components the world has ever seen, allowing the Autonomous Vehicles systems to perform better than ever. Research in the field of Deep Neural Networks and Computer Vision have also received a lot of funding as many companies rely on it. Thus new architectures and techniques have driven the performance even further.
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Therefore, an important part of innovation comes from Deep Learning service provider, that are turning research into active products. AI startups such as China's first algorithm provider SenseTime (most valuable Unicorn to date with a $4.5bn valuation) for example, are innovating and creating partnerships with car manufacturers that are willing to use their state-of-the-art algorithms at their benefits.
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IoT and sensors are also a field of research and active innovation. Companies like Quanergy or Swift Navigation have developed very powerful laser sensors and GPS chips that allows Autonomous Vehicles to perform better. With better data comes improved performance. The same goes for hardware as shown in Tesla's tweet below.
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<h5 class="font-weight "> What the autopilot sees :</h5>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">This is what <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Tesla?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Tesla</a> Autopilot sees using <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NeuralNetworks?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NeuralNetworks</a> that take 70,000 GPU hours to train and output 1,000 predictions at each timestep. <a href="https://twitter.com/gafartweets?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@gafartweets</a><a href="https://twitter.com/OpenMarketingTV?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@OpenMarketingTV</a><a href="https://twitter.com/sofian_me?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@sofian_me</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AI?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AI</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ML?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ML</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/MachineLearning?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#MachineLearning</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/autopilot?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#autopilot</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/DeepLearning?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#DeepLearning</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ComputerVision?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ComputerVision</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/selfdriving?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#selfdriving</a> <a href="https://t.co/TU4eHF8w73">pic.twitter.com/TU4eHF8w73</a></p>— Bojana Vukov (@BojanaVukov) <a href="https://twitter.com/BojanaVukov/status/1225388983393406978?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 6, 2020</a>
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<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">This is how Waymo's <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDriving?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDriving</a> cars interpret the world using <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AI?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AI</a><br><br>By <a href="https://twitter.com/cheddar?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@cheddar</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/cars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#cars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ML?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ML</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/MachineLearning?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#MachineLearning</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Industry40?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Industry40</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Automotive?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Automotive</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDrivingCars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDrivingCars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/video?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#video</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/DeepLearning?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#DeepLearning</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tech?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tech</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ComputerVision?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ComputerVision</a> <a href="https://t.co/2BF4r7CHxo">pic.twitter.com/2BF4r7CHxo</a></p>— Bojana Vukov (@BojanaVukov) <a href="https://twitter.com/BojanaVukov/status/1234418356666732545?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 2, 2020</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Tesla’s Full Self Driving Computer is fast <br><br>A special chip to hardware accelerate neural network inference allows it to detect and label thousands of objects in real time. <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@elonmusk</a> <a href="https://t.co/AxNmrMvdar">pic.twitter.com/AxNmrMvdar</a></p>— Third Row Podcast (@thirdrowtesla) <a href="https://twitter.com/thirdrowtesla/status/1234388966234714112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 2, 2020</a>
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<h5 class="font-weight "> Successful AI companies' partnerships:</h5>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">SELF-DRIVING - DON’T UNDERESTIMATE NORTH-EAST ASIA<br><br>Mobileye announced a new partnership with the major city of Daegu in South Korea to deploy and test robotaxis that use Mobileye’s self-driving systems<br> <a href="https://t.co/lbRvqGzNos">https://t.co/lbRvqGzNos</a></p>— JPR007 (@jpr007) <a href="https://twitter.com/jpr007/status/1215712771616034816?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 10, 2020</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Honda is working with Chinese AI unicorn SenseTime on self-driving car tech <a href="https://t.co/qkD4yta8wY">https://t.co/qkD4yta8wY</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Wearables?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Wearables</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/IoT?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#IoT</a> <a href="https://t.co/qxqXOwdiPl">pic.twitter.com/qxqXOwdiPl</a></p>— Alexander Sommer (@alexanderwear) <a href="https://twitter.com/alexanderwear/status/938724808627331072?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 7, 2017</a>
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<h5 class="font-weight "> 2020 also see the development of self-driving test cities :</h5>
<h6> After 3 years of testing in real cities, it seems now safer for some countries to build fake cities. </h6>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">RT <a href="https://twitter.com/chboursin?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@chboursin</a> South Korea develops a town for testing <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDrivingCars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDrivingCars</a> >>> HT <a href="https://twitter.com/IrenaTadic1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@IrenaTadic1</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/Reuters?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Reuters</a> via <a href="https://twitter.com/MikeQuindazzi?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@MikeQuindazzi</a> >>> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AI?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AI</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/IoT?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#IoT</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Robotics?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Robotics</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/5G?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#5G</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDriving?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDriving</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Driverless?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Driverless</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AutonomousVehicles?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AutonomousVehicles</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/electriccars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#electriccars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ElectricVehicles?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ElectricVehicles</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/autonomousdriving?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#autonomousdriving</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Automotive?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Automotive</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/selfDrivingCar?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#selfDrivingCar</a> <a href="https://t.co/6sBGK8Th0p">https://t.co/6sBGK8Th0p</a></p>— Dr. Marcell Vollmer (@mvollmer1) <a href="https://twitter.com/mvollmer1/status/1224272647745306624?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 3, 2020</a>
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<h2 class="text-center text-uppercase text-secondary mb-0">Main Players</h2>
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<h5 class="font-weight-light "> The main autonomous vehicles players in 2020 are composed of the well known self-driving companies, a few newcomers and the famous ancestral car manufacturers that joins the run to semi-autonomous vehicles.
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<img class="text-center" width="300 " height="200" src="img/waymo.png" style="
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<b>(former Google project) </b>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Waymo has raised $2.25 billion to fuel its driverless-car enterprise, the first time it has taken outside money since Google began to develop the technology more than 11 years ago <a href="https://t.co/2UFu2siKfX">https://t.co/2UFu2siKfX</a></p>— The Wall Street Journal (@WSJ) <a href="https://twitter.com/WSJ/status/1234591818983014412?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 2, 2020</a>
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<p lang="fr" dir="ltr">Les véhicules autonomes de Waymo vont transporter des colis pour UPS <a href="https://t.co/XnlqapgiYh">https://t.co/XnlqapgiYh</a> <a href="https://t.co/KYmLG6NK00">pic.twitter.com/KYmLG6NK00</a></p>— L'Usine Digitale (@LUsineDigitale) <a href="https://twitter.com/LUsineDigitale/status/1223181390126075904?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 31, 2020</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Uber Granted a Permit to Test its Self-driving Vehicles on Public Roads in California - <a href="https://t.co/ldM0RBkLbB">https://t.co/ldM0RBkLbB</a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Uber?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Uber</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDrivingCars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDrivingCars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/UberATG?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#UberATG</a> via <a href="https://twitter.com/FutureCar_Media?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@FutureCar_Media</a> <a href="https://t.co/iQK3o7aJ8J">https://t.co/iQK3o7aJ8J</a></p>— FutureCar (@FutureCar_Media) <a href="https://twitter.com/FutureCar_Media/status/1225245167814238208?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 6, 2020</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Toyota?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Toyota</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Denso?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Denso</a> will invest in <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Uber?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Uber</a> ATG to accelerate the development and commercialization of automated ridesharing services, collaborating in designing and developing next-generation autonomous vehicle hardware. <a href="https://t.co/mhbdaT6PtF">https://t.co/mhbdaT6PtF</a> <a href="https://t.co/bzyXIh1x9w">pic.twitter.com/bzyXIh1x9w</a></p>— Toyota Motor Corp. (@ToyotaMotorCorp) <a href="https://twitter.com/ToyotaMotorCorp/status/1119035398942945280?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 19, 2019</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Every Tesla Semi will come with Full Self Driving and Autopilot Active Safety features –– standard. <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@elonmusk</a> <a href="https://t.co/nB7RtwefSY">pic.twitter.com/nB7RtwefSY</a></p>— Third Row Podcast (@thirdrowtesla) <a href="https://twitter.com/thirdrowtesla/status/1232710105776279552?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 26, 2020</a>
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Tesla?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Tesla</a> is Now Worth More than <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ford?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Ford</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/GM?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#GM</a> Combined<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDriving?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDriving</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Driverless?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Driverless</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AutonomousVehicles?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AutonomousVehicles</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDrivingCars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDrivingCars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/electriccars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#electriccars</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ElectricVehicles?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ElectricVehicles</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/autonomousdriving?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#autonomousdriving</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Automotive?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Automotive</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/selfDrivingCar?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#selfDrivingCar</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/innovation?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#innovation</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/EmergingTech?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#EmergingTech</a> <a href="https://t.co/EzaQym3LPQ">https://t.co/EzaQym3LPQ</a></p>— Dr. Marcell Vollmer (@mvollmer1) <a href="https://twitter.com/mvollmer1/status/1221013331483529216?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 25, 2020</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
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<b> (from General Motors) </b>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">"M’s Cruise now has 1,800 employees working on self-driving cars"<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/vtecl?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#vtecl</a><a href="https://t.co/1E4AiB3Afm">https://t.co/1E4AiB3Afm</a></p>— Lancelot (@Lctdulac) <a href="https://twitter.com/Lctdulac/status/1234835892637962241?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 3, 2020</a>
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<b> Cadillac (like other famous car companies) </b>
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<p lang="und" dir="ltr"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/vtecl?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#vtecl</a> <a href="https://t.co/nJuVxWKIwB">https://t.co/nJuVxWKIwB</a></p>— Lancelot (@Lctdulac) <a href="https://twitter.com/Lctdulac/status/1225345263444865029?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 6, 2020</a>
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<img class="text-center" width="300 " height="90" src="img/navya.png" style="
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<b> Small players example: Navya (French group) </b>
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<p lang="fr" dir="ltr">Direction générale du Trésor - Le premier service public de mobilité autonome sur route ouverte au Japon sera équipé par la PME française NAVYA <a href="https://t.co/09bV67yBQh">https://t.co/09bV67yBQh</a></p>— NAVYA (@NAVYA_Group) <a href="https://twitter.com/NAVYA_Group/status/1224635644275806208?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 4, 2020</a>
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<h2 class="text-center text-uppercase text-secondary mb-0">Ethics</h2>
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In addition to the classic philosophical issues that have been widely discussed (what the car would do in lose-lose situation like killing 2 people by going to the left or killing 1 person by going to the right), 2020 is set to be the year of many ethical questions regarding self-driving cars.
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The first main subject is <b>security</b>. After the death of a citizen in Tempe, Arizona as part of Uber self-driving car testing, the first ethical question concerns the government's decision to allow public testing when the systems are obviously still work in progress. A second matter is <b>cybersecurity</b>: is it okay to put self-driving cars on the public roads, when they can be easily hacked ? Like every computer system, it can't stand without flaws and breaches. Some scientists of the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israël have even proven in early 2020 that Tesla's autopilot could be easily tricked.
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Then come to mind the subject of <b> privacy</b>. As technology comes into the car, ad-tech companies see an opportunity to drive benefits from it with e-marketing. With all the sensors and algorithms contained in self-driving cars, people's vehicles will become huge data gathering machines. What about privacy and consent ?
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<h5 class="font-weight "> Cybersecurity threats :</h5>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Tesla autopilot seems to be easily tricked as Israeli researcher show on this video - <a href="https://t.co/ENCASWdZxn">https://t.co/ENCASWdZxn</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/vtecl?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#vtecl</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AutonomousVehicles?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AutonomousVehicles</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SelfDrivingCars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#SelfDrivingCars</a></p>— Lancelot (@Lctdulac) <a href="https://twitter.com/Lctdulac/status/1224681844039475200?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 4, 2020</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">CEO Mary T. Barra addressed the high stakes in rolling out self-driving cars and biometric-enhanced vehicles, where one cyber-event could derail plans for emerging automotive technologies. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/cybersecurity?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#cybersecurity</a> <a href="https://t.co/NUoEYrmSVC">https://t.co/NUoEYrmSVC</a></p>— Security Lit Limited (@LitLimited) <a href="https://twitter.com/LitLimited/status/1234551812520173568?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 2, 2020</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Reinforcement-Learning AIs are vulnerable to a new kind of attack ! Adversarial attacks against the technique that powers game-playing AIs and could control self-driving cars shows it may be less robust than we thought" ! <a href="https://t.co/D9OKORQwev">https://t.co/D9OKORQwev</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/AI?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#AI</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ML?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ML</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/DL?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#DL</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/RL?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#RL</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/CyberSecurity?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#CyberSecurity</a></p>— Ralph Richter (@KaizenLeanSigma) <a href="https://twitter.com/KaizenLeanSigma/status/1233474672932487168?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 28, 2020</a>
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<h5 class="font-weight "> Privacy concerns :</h5>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">"As self-driving cars and grocery-delivering drones begin to permeate our lives, what are the ethics of artificial intelligence? A new course at Seattle University aims to educate the masses." <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/businessschool?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#businessschool</a> <a href="https://t.co/qDiNooWSAd">https://t.co/qDiNooWSAd</a> <a href="https://t.co/GNT0mfYs1U">pic.twitter.com/GNT0mfYs1U</a></p>— M7admit (@m7admit) <a href="https://twitter.com/m7admit/status/1234375832845590529?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 2, 2020</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">" Carmakers’ ultimate objective is to build a database of consumer preferences that could be aggregated and sold to outside vendors for marketing" - better driving experience or intrusive marketing in a private space ? <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/vtecl?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#vtecl</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/selfdrivingcar?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#selfdrivingcar</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/privacy?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#privacy</a><a href="https://t.co/BMYOctCdXB">https://t.co/BMYOctCdXB</a></p>— Lancelot (@Lctdulac) <a href="https://twitter.com/Lctdulac/status/1220741681215082498?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 24, 2020</a>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr">Unacceptable: Elaine Chao reduces self-driving car privacy to a footnote - <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NHTSA?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NHTSA</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Privacy?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Privacy</a> CNNMoney <a href="https://t.co/aOn9hLAyGo">https://t.co/aOn9hLAyGo</a></p>— Bertrand Duflos (@BertrandDuflos) <a href="https://twitter.com/BertrandDuflos/status/910732726675939329?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 21, 2017</a>
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<h5 style="text-align:center"> (old tweet) </h5>
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