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05-relationship-centered.Rmd
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# Relationship Centered
## Affection Exchange Theory
## Transnational Scholarship
## Resilience Communication Theories
[@Buzzanell_2010]
- Human resilience is "the ability to "bounce back" or reintegrate after difficult life experiences"
- Resilience is not possessed by individual but by discourse, interaction, and processes:
- crafting normalcy
- affirming identity anchors:
- identity anchor is "a relatively enduring cluster of identity discourses upon which individuals and their familial, collegial, and/or community members rely when explaining who they are for themselves and in relation to each other."
- maintaining and using communication networks
- Social capital is important in time of need
- putting alternative logics to work
- downplaying negative feelings while foregrounding positive emotions
- [@Richardson_2002] defines resilience as "the process of reintegrating from disruptions in life"
- requires "trigger event"
<br>
[@AFIFI_2016]
- Theory of resilience and relational load (TRRL) in the context of social
- based on theory of
- emotional capital
- adaptive calibration model, allostatic load, investment model, family systems theory, affectionate exchange theory, broaden and build theory
- Assumptions
- people want to feel validated and secure, based on sociometer hypothesis, intergroup theories, social identity theory, evolutionary theories (e.g., exchange theory).
- stress is natural and necessary (either good or bad).
- good stress = positive perception of stressors
- bad stress = distress = negative perception of stressors
- body and mind work together to cope with stress
- body has a natural diurnal rhythm
- relationship have homeostasis that is "continually being calibrated in response to stress and the communication of stress."
- Propositions:
- "Validating communicative maintenance behaviors and actions over time build positive emotional reserves. Emotional reserves reflect the accumulation of investments (i.e., maintenance) and discrepancies in investments"
- Communal orientation & discrepancies influence communication maintenance behaviors/discrepancies, and vice versa
- Communal orientation, emotional reserves, discrepancies in the communal orientation influence how one perceives stressors, which later influence their investment in the relationship
- communal orientation and emotional reserves, discrepancies int eh communal orientation influence threat and security-based appraisals and communication pattern
- Similar constructs to communal orientation are cognitive interdependence, couple identity, communal coping
- self-control could be depleted
- continued depletion of resources and increased stress increase relational load
- short-term depletion and relation load have short-term and long-term health consequences respectively.
- "Security-based appraisals and communication patterns facilitate resilience, the potential to thrive, and short-term and long-term health"
- Communicative maintenance strategies can be learned
- Resilience is "the ability to adapt positively when confronted with adversity or stress" [@2003_3713]
- positive *relationship maintenance* can serve as resilience in close relationships, via
- nonverbal behaviors
- perceptions
Picture from **Personal Relationships, Volume: 23, Issue: 4, Pages: 663-683, First published: 26 October 2016, DOI: (10.1111/pere.12159)**
<br>
[@Buzzanell_2018]
Resilience include:
- Individual/relational resilience: social relationship can increase adaptive ability to adversity. To increase one's resilience
- giving and receiving affection
- exchanging person-centered messages
- being present
- family resilience
- parent-child (dyadic) can foster resilience
- organizational resilience
- 5 tensional processes
- community resilience
- bouncing forward = interactional process that helps individuals to adapt successfully to changing circumstances
- national resilience
- resilience is defined by Hamilton Bean as a "central trope", "shared social phenomenon" that solidify "shared feelings of resoluteness."
<br>
[@Kam_2018]
- How undocumented youth cope with stress at the family level
- Resilience is "the process by which individuals exposed to adversity exhibit positive adaptation in spite of this adversity." It is a general pattern or process than a trait or quality.
- To cope with stress, youths use strategies:
- psychological suppression
- distraction/diversion
- reframing
- normalizing
- The individual as an asset
- The family as a resource
- Stress come from
- unable to go places, unable to attend college, employment, help family financially, affordable health care
- fear of detainment/deportation
<br>
[@First_2020]
- Covid-19 exposure directly influence stress, and indirectly influence stress and depress through media use and interpersonal communication.
## Communication Privacy Management Theory
- CPM is under a boarder context as compared to only disclosure. It's the dialectical tension of private information between revealing and concealing under a rule management system.
- Guiding maxims:
- Assumption maxims:
(1) public-private dialectical assumptions: dialectical nature of revealing and concealing
(2) privacy management assumptions:
- We are entitled to our private information
- people should control the flow of private information
- managing private information is not absolute
(3) boundary metaphor assumptions
- Axiomatic maxims:
(1) Conceptualizing private information ownership: one can be authorized, or unauthorized co-owners of information.
(2) conceptualizing private information control: privacy rules are applied based
(1) core criteria: culture, gender, privacy orientations
(2) catalyst: privacy rules adapt to changes.
(3) conceptualizing private information turbulence: gossip breaks privacy
- Interaction maxims:
(1) shared privacy boundaries: there is a boundary around the shared information.
(2) coordinating privacy boundaries: co-own, co-manage, 3 operations:
(1) privacy boundary linkages: alliances between a discloser and recipients
(2) private information co-ownership rights: privileges and expected responsibility for co-owners of private information.
(3) privacy boundary permeability: the amount of openness within a privacy boundary. managed boundary in
(1) disproportionate way
(2) intersected way
(3) Unified way
(3) ramifications of privacy boundary turbulence
- Application:
- [@Petronio_2007]: translational aspect
- [@Bute_2017]: Orgasm and alcohol on communication after sexual activity.\
- [@Brummett_2014]: interracial partners disclose relational information to social network members. They both experience power struggles while managing private and relational information.
- [@Denes_2014]: miscarriages are bound by societal-level expectations about how they should be talked in interpersonal communication.
## Relational Turbulence Theory
- Relationship progresses in two ways
- Qualitative change perspective: sudden tranformational change
- Quantitative change perspective: incremental shifts
- causes of relational turbulence during times of transition
- relational uncertainty ,from emotion-in-relationships model, refers to "degree of confidence (or lack of confidence) that individuals have in their judgments about the nature of their relationship." [@Baxter_2008, .pp521]
- Consists of
- Self uncertainty
- Partner uncertainty
- Relationship uncertainty
- Interference from partners: from emotion-in-relationships model, consists of
- Inference from partners
- Facilitation from partners
- Under relational turbulence, people use both avoidant and aggressive messages [@Baxter_2008, .pp523]. It changes the message processing and message production mechanisms.
- This theory can be applied to a broad range of contexts from couples, parents, military personnel, etc.
- Applications:
- [@Solomon_2016]
- [@Theiss_2013]
- [@Tian_2020]
- [@Harvey_Knowles_2015]
[](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hcre.12091)
[@Solomon_2016, pp.509]