ANP-65.txt

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DISCLAIMER

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Page (s) Missing
from

Original Document
e Y TR
e

e
et see

L for effect of 1teratzon o_-theffiésiéh:; _
:i$tr1but10n | L B e
lcnlatlons for the ARE

T'”*Fons for the ABE

dy'af v&rzous reflectors w1th two pr0posed ARE cores -;{'
‘Estimated critical mass of the ARE - S o
_;_:fthm-ccntrol requlrements_and mlscellaneous data :
i ;;Recommendat1on on alternative loading = goRs
- Control-rod. effectiveness and heating - i
React vi_y,coeff1c1ents and kinetic constants i
egrat:on ef nonlinear klnetxc equat1ons G

"ff dr the Cr1t1ca1 Experlment
 ‘t’of:Numer1calfi'rocedures e

_-catxon of age theory for sharp resonances_g, |
Integratlon of the transpcrt equat1on 1n hydrogeneous;:f-ggf"
reacters SRR - . L : ST ;L: e

"actar w1th absorb1ng 1nterface between cere an b

,_eluhxllty of nran1um in lzthlum hydrox1de

-lf*j iSe1ub111fiY of aranxum in mixtures of‘sodium and.lxthlum
" hydroxides
' Phase equxllbrxa in hydroxlde systems

- Fuel Beccvery and Regrocess1ng ‘,.

edaesw
Exgerxm,_zal pracedare S | o ;« ;}§ S e
Cfirroszen*by outgassed NaF- BeF UF Malt G
£ '._;by pretreated NaF KF UF4 Melt

°m”szen by quflid Metals

e Thermal~canvact19n loops (harps) S R
"7;.” Forceé e“nveetxan (fzgure ezght) loaps.“f:; Chnm e

uwmuzm, AND HEAT-TRAN FER RESEARCH

'Z "Stndy Of Free Convpchnn in

E.'.'1"1.'11::.d Fuel Elements 'ff  ;;f 1'* S

o ”a  Sodxum Heat-Transfer _oeaficxents Lo
.""  _ffBo111ns-L1qu1d Metal Heat Transfer
'  Sod1um Hydrox1de Heat Transfer System S |
| .'37 Tbanafer af Momentum and Heat in- Annulx and Nonczrcular D “ 4
.i':f iPhys1ca1 Propernxes ' R -
';Qfleat_cagacxty '

.t iff Sapervxs1on cf_L ad Bxsmuth Centracts | 1 
Li i‘d_MetaIs Handhook - e

fletal co-metal seal -

’ Grapkxte-gas seal FESI
.-4.;;f Tkermal Cbndnctxvxty of Steel Wnol and Some Granular Solxds .f :
'““' ’AHE Ffiel System Mock Ups L 73_7  S @ e
” F1aw Téstxng | ‘f ;F 3 B
i ;F&tcafixtxnguxsher and Ext1nguzsher Mater1als Tésts

13 fiETALLURGICAL PROCESSES

M_Fuel Element Fabrxcatxan '

Hechanlcally formed matrix o
- Sintering and bonding a loose powder |
_Hot-rolled clad fuel piate o ' SRR
Eompatlbxlxhy zests of potentlal fuel element materxals-f ..f'-
:‘inf-fl'f._ R .: i . 4-“_ —— f_w - M

LR &

L]

4 S
- :

d b
o

Q.O‘_i_.. T
-
¢

[T XX e
e pmes s A
e Eee e
ks T .
Caeeeeel

*
: %
Caveves
rc waldlng

_ ormde Fuels_;; 531H

m.i;Yklz CYCIGt:en irradiation of fuel capsuleSf?ifff-" o
o Analysxs of xrradxated~fue, capsules o

iquid-Metals In-Pile Experiment

Daterulnutlon uf’Oxygen 1n Sad£§§fw_“. ;
o -J_!' "__'_'” | and Ceszum in Sodlum‘: Rt
:‘ffiifOKYsen in Heiznm and Argan | B

'_ ;_;fH1thTempezgtu§é Reactxan cf Sodxum thh Sadxum Thtraborate 239
_ ' ffiSpecatograph;c Analys:s of So&xum E |

“ _  }'Chem;caI Analysxs of Sod1um R

K **Anaiytxcnl Servxces-_ : B

21, LIST OF REPORTS ISSUEW 2“2
|22, CHART OF THE TECHNICAL onmxzmou OF THE ANP paom:'r . us

-
®
Cieseve
.
Caewee R
e
Y s
,,;__1351e~2;31__§75’

- .iug : frabIja 2 ‘4;_.. ~;7fl
17l1} Table 2. 5:f1“57“

S flectnr Thlckness dS/df;for Four szferent Beactbfsff_ ?aQ*;5f;
"lngalculatlon of keff ‘f?ABE and Uran1um Investment :

| etals

,fii,;~UF4-ln 100 hr at. aoeéc e e
osion of Structural Metals by Pretreated e
Fy in 100 hr et aoe°c e
.;afia, Y{Of Varlous Substances
_  fSummary of Thermal Conduct1v1ty Studles of Granular_  f

_ r anter1ng and Bondxng

 Table 2 ____ A:L Recovery of Known Amaunts of Oxygen 1n Sodlum 'f.   ”.:h  :" E
o Tablefifiez - "_Qxygen in: Unpur1f1ed Argon S E e o i S ; 233 T
':T§b1é129;325ff, 'React1on of Borax with Scdlum RS  fl kJ. .? .":T“ff239f‘ e

" Table 20;4fit; ;, Concentrat1on of Mlnor Trace Elements in Sodlum ; N

. e Table 20. 5 'S_I'Summary of Servu:e Analyses

seses
T T R
*
)
ssnees
sanses -
Cé_S~PGWer vs

o _fffsystem CsF UF
'_”fffSyscem PEF, -UF,
““__'_'fmf:NaF BeF UF

_ f? SYsaem KF BbF UF
’ &mmepw w

"':::':'-SYSt.em KF PbF ._UF

- ;  System RbF-BeF, -UF,

T SYStem_KFuBeFAflUFAVII

Excess Fuel

e
e

e SR :
Caweses T
srew

U@ LA R : :
Si

~ face Zone nf[304.Sta1nless Steel Aftér 40.hr Ekposure t0 f   :ff?f;17fi¢?”:"
Sodxnm,ut 1009°C S ciEE S e

.tUhxdentxflei“phase in Graln Boundary and Withln Graln Sur~{ €f::.‘ 
*¥flce Zone*o£:316_8ta1nless Steel After 40 hr Exposure ;o'g_:::;3 fi_: 5J-..:fi. 
dwmat 1000°C . e

. . Mol __enum. Speclmen Aft.er 100 hl‘ Exposure t.o. S _. G ;
" Sodiwmat1000°C . 139

""  ;prpearance of Thin’ Molybdenum Specxmen After 100 hr Expesure L _  ___. o
& %o Sodxnm 1n_system ontaxnlng 5111con at 10000_ ot ek e

' f¥;fi§;;ii#i Lf,Cémparxson of §'*h_Therma1"Conductxvzty vs'~T%m?¢t!tur°,9fi§
+ - wich Data in the Literature Lt e

Cen§r _ugal Pump Suctmen Baffle

Fig. 1 ,'5[{-L1qu1d Metal Seal for Centrzfugal anp

'+ f.?1£- 12:3 fif<?wo Stage Electromagnetlc Pump f]~' '

. ; Fig. 12. 4?; 'Improved Sealless Pumpxng System3”:: ' -

'Fvge 13 1 EEffeat of Surface Preparatxon on “the Bondxng of Loase Powders
Containing UO to a 316 Stainless Steel Plate et -18_5

:.f.fi.Fig._13;2.. nfilfference in anterxng in Stack af Eleven 316 Stalnless Steel .
IR | Plates with Bonded Pewder : SRR B ' ;86

% ‘Fig;_13;3" Effect of Staznless Steel Part:cle Size on UD, Dzstrxbntlon
”]gf'fl“y“ =-'  : .After Cla&dzng by Het Rolllng o : s

rQ;nge}iS,é * Effect of Tron Particle Size on UO Distribution After -
i | T Claddlng by Hot Boll;ng S

R e

.  ?fE£§? I3.5‘ Hanuaily Welded Inconel Tube to-Header Thnsxle Test“Paxrgf fw

b

§ i i Figf i3;6 | Cross~Sectxon of Incenel Tube ta~Header Manual Inert Arc Weldiw 194L'T :; ..'&.'
. Fig 137 ,Cxoss Secmon of Inccmel Tube to- Headar Inert. “Cone-Ard’ WeldV- 195

:OQ'OOOCH . =
£
]

FY LYY

.:.‘."'?’..._._' . R ‘_'_.
se800
o . SR
XX B
o
@
PYY Y e
i Flgw 13 8 . Stress«fiupture Testlng Machlnes and Argon Atmosphere Furnaces"ig? .ft3

';:Fxg. 13. 9 ' Atmosphere Furnace and Pull Rod Assemblles for Round Bar on | SRR
' : M;' Sheet Spec1mens e LU S I LRt ..5,-;,193;__ Vi

ok S e

Unlrradxated and Irradlated Globe Iron Samples

ngfl;d Metal In Plle Laop

r051on research (Sec. 10) heth statlc and dynamlc:ffif”

' 7 ;5 pradomxnantly thh thls 11qu1d metal coolant.y Incuuel stlll appears to%IQV"'
 ifof£er satzsf&ct”

_ y;reslstanca to both so&1um and fluorxde fuel corrosxone 1 i
'"f7Hawever, :ecentgfmore refined corr0510n tests 1nd1cate that some of the
. fstaxn1ess steels (304, 316 321,.and 34?) may be equally as SatleaCtGFY as

e _f'lflcfine-l thh hflth fluorlde fuel and SOdlumo

These datfl may argua agalnstf‘ ' f
the ultxmate select10n o£ 1nconel fer the alrcraft reactor although it is now

-;_jtspeczfled for the ABEa_ (The Phenomenon of mass transfer in a bxmetalllc;i:'” .

foreactor systems except the mercury«vapor cycl

'-u_ffeasxhle as an alrcraft reactor, “the super10r1ty ef nane 1s"con31dered by the  f '”

'5'.Lahoratery to be sufficlently clear cut yet to- warrant 1ntens1Ve develcpment[ 5

  fat thxs tlmea .

The persannal employeé on the Axrcraft Nuclear ?ropu131on Prog_'t have::

'7z-ifi' eased 1n number so hnat 1nalud1ng both full tlme and part tlme employees,'gj u-," '

: i f{13 A$°“fi3 Efle“ naféhfl°as T%e E K Fé?g&fiufl»C@-u Knc;%'eflfia@gwnenms, Caruaia&nag-Fuel and erejfffiLJ~

. eulazing-Moderator Reactora,” Al rerafs Nuclear Propulcion Projici Qaa? aray Pragr b Rep@r?far_-,; f-~7-”j-' .

Paris m{mg Harch 10, 1981, wpasm B 308 (ue i, 1951%

__his proJeci
re 1i

L e _né.(c} 12% low,rfipeakanto«“averégef 'f..
_ neutraa leetxme would be sl1ght1y decreased (Sec._zj“ S

3 _-Thescalaulated reactz?xty ef the flrst axperlmental berylllumwuranlum5 fiJn ” 
h qu}er1txcal assemhly 1s 0 96 fcr aconfiguratlon whleh ac:ually was Just cr1t1ca1 G
:fx.e., a react1v1ty af 1.00, The rema1n1ng dlscrepancy {0 10} may be 1n the;i'
 &at1mated crass sectzen fbr the Bfi(n 2n) reactxon (Secss 2 3 and 9).

P

bt . SR
Giieiee e ;!

Caswees U e L

(a2

.o
Ceeeene
.=._o'fii.i' A L
,.;;igteriils ggseafch'_ __"

_ *8; Snatzc carros1on tests for 160 hr at 800 C on &ypes 304 316 321,'  :'.'. &
“  f§and 316 stainless steel and 1nconel by the outgassed NaF-BeF, UF fuel mixture
" resulted in average depths of attack of 2. 5, 1.5 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mils,

_respectxvgly.(Sec.,lfl). ' '

'“10. The fellaw1ng thermal capacltxes (in cal/g'°C) have been determ1ned :
zlrcenlum 0.086 fro@_zée to 600 C NaOH 0.44 from 450 to 750°C ! w}j:f
g,,,_;,fi e | :_fif_ o ”*“'=~*.Qfifgfn1ckel A0, 125 from.
300 to 600°C and 0.162 from 800 to , 1000°C; and 316 stainless steel, 0.133 from
'_-[100 to 700°C and 0. 185 fram 900 to 1000°C (Sec. 11). | | c-

ot 11.‘ The thermal coaduct1v1ty of iron measured fram lfiG to 700°C agrflesflj  
 ;,;: .311 (max:mum devaac1on S%) thh pUbllshed data, that of alum1num between_j,"
:rf;ffilflfl and 4BG°C.does not agree well thh the latest 6ata (Sec. 11) Erh

. | 12., A new electranlc weldzng technzque has been develaped far thef
: filfsemxautomatzc weldzng of small d1ameter tublng..The degree of weld penetratlonfif. 

fimay be predete:m:ned by cantr&l of geometry,_heat 1nput, and tlme (Sec. 13)

ate& creep speczmen,f The creep rate under 1rrad1at10n gives essent1allyla
lznear curve through the 300 hr of test (SeCe_l4)

15 Tha temperature contours of the ternary fluorlde systems NaF Bef

'UF,, NaF-KF-UF,, NaF-RbF- -UF,, RDF- BeF,~UF,, and NaF-PbF,-UF,, aswell as afsevelai e

iothers, have been‘detERmmfid All of those llsted however possess a meltlng 

point below 525°C and therefore may be regarded as- posslble reactor fuelsL  ":

._(Sec. 4)

_ Alternative Systems

T i7 As a fesult of thelr analysls of the mercury¢vapor compres

fi w1th a lxquld-metal caoled reactar, Narth Amerlcan_AV1atlcn Inco _ onc1udes;:”"';

i':nuclear .

1 }0£ merc&rya-f“'

18¢_ A reactor uszng a solutxon of uranzum 1n;

 f c1rGu1&t1ng fuel and coolant 15 su1tah1e for subsonlc azrcraft propulsxanf

',prevzded corrosxon reslstant contaxner materxal can be found ;accordlng to a
= stndy made hy The H; K. Ferguson Coas Inc, . '

Z:and curscry-];._[

'fevealed any”L f'”

'ffserxous dlff:cultxes;

T """”‘%wwwg%ww d

Progress has heen made 1n the layout of all AHE componentsg whxch has_,:

nceit*of the ARE cbre, reflecter'“ff ;'=*-“““

_'f[ tnb1ng, ceolant tublng,'and other thln walled tublng have been ordered fromf  S
’ 1 £&& Supérxor Tube Company : The preasure shell components are on order with _ |
: fthe Lukenweld vaxslon Lukens Steel Company Boron carb1de and beryllxumiif5  ;_'
.”:,5@x1de hexagonal hlocks have haen ordered from the Norton Company stcelw    .
'i7§flaaaous sheet, plate,jand bar stock far core components have been ordered from S
'-tfie Tfills Metal Company, an. 1nternat10nal Nxckel dzstrzbutor. ”~f- - - e

._(i) B. V. Schmeder “flesign of the 2flfl—megawact Amrcrafz Reactor,” A;rcraft Nuclear Propulsmn Pro_; ect SR
S Quarterly Progresg Report for Period Ending March 10, 1951, ANP-6G. p. 28 (June 19 1951) R
_ (2) B LE Schroeder, -_“Deslgl wf t.‘ne A1rcraft Beactor Experment " ANP~60 op. ctt p 45 o

o P 4
i ‘:- sgq"_;(_(e;_ S

L SECTION LINE LEGEND

o S R AIATURE -
R welps

o

w Beta},}efl dxsc&ssxon af the gI ass-m& 1 wor!
~ing “ARE Fuel System Mock-Ups.”

'17 7 Water ‘Heot -
‘.. Exchflnfi'r i

R N -
RO ) o
il 4 R

TR
.-‘ L3

: _decreases th__fuel valumj_"_j' '

fihermrod con rol of a more. cone_ j »-f

sqrber rod lS the prevxszcn fcr the hlgh temperature of the reactar and7v'

. 1atIvelY Iarge amount Df heat develape& in the red bY the nuclearf?? ;:u

”wr_ae ions there1n¢ Calculatlans:xfthe heat generated 1n B'C absorber radsff_; j;

"ff;ndzcate that 1t 1s of the order of 160 to 150 watts per centlmeuer (leng h) .,

'eiium caollng Wlll apparently be adequate Same thought has been;; ;f_7i

'f__glven to the'posszble use of cadmzum or hafnlum absorber rods 51nce the heat f;;;

'”fgenerablon in ther wculd be cansxderahly lesse A

jéonfxgurat1on w1ll probably take the form of (1)-a cen‘rally;_:_

:”f‘lecaned safety rod thh apprcxxmately 4%‘Ak/k (2) three Shlm ro&s formxng an ;.1 S

G equll teral trxangle wxbh each vertex one- fourth radlus frcm the center of the;:::' ”

-each rod effectlng approxlmately 3% ék/k uand (3) a regulat;ng rod-?ff*i:

___ately'O_TS_

fwhlch actuates;7

4 gls based an the stabllIzing effec;f”7 u_ S
_the actnatxon of the regula*1n1 :°d 1s.slow ;g_=..--

egulaf;ng rod_f  '”

T Le.h1gh temper~ ;:

;reactar dynamxcj ""'

DGSIgp 0f :h :3f;':'"'

'"ifijreactora under barated waher;'after operat"n:at power., Salvage and reusef"""“'” :

'”5 0f fuel and moderatorg but scrapplng of other component""'e planned | Thls 7”'7”fl

| _progress,

ustrate the bu

sMsoRy T

S i i, aabom i+ . i, it e, sk, e’ i, i

B R RTINS R S pity £ SEEE i LRE e EURTA P A R B ; Fegtel TR ——

T cony R_glg_m.

- re |

s

i

ON OF ARE TEST FAGILITY.

5 SEoTION ELEVAT!

'

. F‘iGU RE

REACTOR PHYSICS

evelopment of Numerical Procedures -

“En g? neeri ng Calc lat i;_'dn's f or the : ABE s

_ct of_varlaus reflectors

T _eeh presente& graph1ca1}y1_and have ledfzq the

'that the ABE core be decreased in slze._ The care size may befT

' fzthe present desf 

." ;pressute follawxhg”a step change af O 009125 in. reactlvxty of only 6.3 lb/x'fijiT~fi{57
-Thu :1n future deslgns apprecxahly longer fuel tubes can be used e

blang.lncludxng the necéssary,
LS, bout 22 hr to ca

-may be worklng on. several

d;hand camputers to t__"

In the same per1odthe]EM groupj';f?"

3! The IBM productlon 1nc1udesgf1n ad&;txons ?;}'

';are not 1nc1uded 1n the hand computer preductlon;_”f:"

f13510 s;_etc,

Bsacmaa CALCflLAEIGN “:'”"'°' :"hfi':" "'f-f 1fff f- flff£"'Lkil';wir;%a SEEE
'31_ BESIGEAIIQN SOUBGE Assuman» (;_-;;kéf; ;r_ij“,ffig,ék;ff-_n.a_ ;.g;;fA¢?AQk%;i<:.:'-

onoa454f.'

0 00467_--"-_5 SR

- 900 x -3'95-__':;_ | -ffi__ '1-3:02'444-"_;;'

. “H 81&" means the f1ssmn dzst.nhutzon resultxng from caicnlazmn No 814 other nmnbars have  -
s&mlar meamng S RTINS _ i SR

. (2} Ths.s is dzscussed ifr more det;all. in the report by N M Snuth Smple Correctmn on Multzp!tcatwn
¥ - Constant for Difference. ‘Between Assumed and. Resultmg Fzsswn Dzstr;butwn in Hulttgroup Calcu—

l&twns‘, - Y*lz Site, Y»Fl() 56 (May 22 1951) :

_. 3 ihis:ia._-ass.efini 1 © s 28 (18) in "-é};;g ‘report by H. Breo
o roup Colculations, .- 1948}, T

IRSE D
Uiy EUEEEEE; 1

QO
S = I
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e
o '(D:-'_ i:: i
@
-
-
&=

2 4 s | 'e o 14 16 18 20 22 24 23 23 30 32
LATTICE POINT—n o
FlGURE 2| F:SSION DlSTRIBUT!ON ON SUCCESSIVE ITERAT!ONS

ey

FREUEE LI
jropey =

35 Euwas
dxasan -
o . ]
" t AehE B 8
5 BEEE SsRYAYLaeR '-j {
PRRRaT AN
14 L Ssesysg TIEs
¥ I AR
Scbory -

4 P g 15 3
g renus
11 |83 : ] P
9 B G T o o . h: . £ e
! I

tn ARG ; ARESE L0
R RaERaRG + SaNING 980
ey RS jamssa0 - RGBS ONY HR R0 oD 4
PREWAGRES | ; BRASY ERBANRNDOT ADNES
‘lem}l Ss8as ons - 1 : ssial
S aa Eaos 44 i TEEHE
: At ! ROans uag
it - -+
8RR 8 53 FRGEE R EARE0 KBRS DB
D T g R pd b

Ay ATt *: T ERE Y SRAH TARES BRI - TELLT -
Tk }%_{}}}_ R OB I Bt B O e Do e

:
15 &

M” FROM eaz, souacs FOR 902 i

it
]

REFLECTOR

i;fli;
@3

=
=

Lo | ' LATTICE PO!NT n S
HGURE 22 I'TERAT!ON FOR CASE OF ASSUMED}{souace*

S in assumlng a flSSl

,Séumed that B : £¥

o determine the g

*are obnalned 5'

.=:B whlch are iiaf *

The best B .»_B 1n thls case xsfif'

A keff lterated of 1 0265 1s thusa?' 

H:w;th 1 0266 estzmated from the assumed geoo_

es=0f 1terafied calculatxens,'curves of‘B”-~=B vs;g

:f_éav1ngs curVes. The result is Flg 2 4 g1v1ng B

"reflector core camblnatlons, whlch together w:th Eq 5 f;_¥3’

.m¢may he used to?determlne an ad hoc ccrrectlon to keff for the error 1nvolvedfljf ;h

'-dlstrlbutlon whlch 1s nonldeal

(4) D. K. Holnes, The

12 PHOTO NO.

SGEHE AW P 5D

IBgER 3]

{4 EaavEaRach

TEEIEEEELET

JagaiEanE 3

L5 P ESGAR QR

BRGNS AEPER 00 ¢

i

OF EIGENVALUE

CARGET R NARFUNOGARRY S

XA RIE N
EESU NS AR

UL EANUKE Ve

Frbars

BEST AT

ERRS RS 1A 5

R RAEE Gl B &
Pt

FULTRSHRET T OB

3mN E RN B

BT NN AR 343

3 CORRECTED Keff

IEEEREN

@

[ PS50 THEHN |

CELELELES

48y gaLozuuoonn.

(NS 4B FENa A

T

‘ - _REFLEGTQR GOHPQSH'W?&

Be@

| .-SS

__ tmeam.

as

Nfl L
_.ao_-f:r-:.:':: L

i B I5

—80

| 85

99'719

= 889

5‘2 5\“ .

#4 ARE{5I3 507) -}‘f’fji”,

#2 ARE mm

,_ =w| ARE (509)

, ! _ (5 0| 5...6;)

EH SL8PR

. AUGMENTED R.EFLECTQR 'rm'c]'_:_f:f_ess m"cus - o
FlGURE 24 weaxme cunvr—:s FOR DETERMINATION__ or B“ FOR :_:VARIOUS-_r""

orrections t

v

’ 352f1 04261§,ff’

2.39783
2.4@412?;'. e

'rxcal method pfi f

:'--iuslng the f18$10n:;3-fi
to the;j'
c a l ca‘__._. - o '

valfiévaf -

 fha forward values w:re_

lng 1nvest1gated

2 333295j11f_fffi.¢27:fa~”:'
54

cross sect-on“'f"'"",lslthe neutrons per flssxon necessary toi”'”

tate. In ;:.'.he -.n' ”'atlon Of" ANP 58 L

is the normallzeéef1s31on dlstrlbutlon
ithe forward calculatlon ST

the carresponélng quantlty in - the
ad;exnt calculatzau.;g»f_;_;;,_;-

e F‘of mer%“m AL, A=o09762.

(6} l! 3. E;elseu, A Bucusswn of Norualuatwn in IBH Ad]omt Caiculctzons OBNL 1‘{—
Y-FIO*SS (Jtme 26, 1951) S e _ e et i s T

, The curve for the thermal lethargy SYOupi:‘f:'
,gfor group 24,_to w1th1n the 11m1ts of accuracy i

LY, & _ffeleased near the center of the core would he'“_” H
.exp&cteé;to'have a greater probab111ty of undergexng a fzssxonxng abSOrptloaf _

-f than one. reiaased near the ‘core- reflacter 1nterfacec The negat1ve slope of

The functlons;¢? f,

PRI T
SUELITT TR T

i

O2lom

1= nAr

i Aesosiem | )
Hii—caicuLaten | [

.lli 44 5
|BAEHE!

m”u”
<

| SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

1 ‘t“fi

5

~ FIGURE  2:

.

IR 133+
121

RERSEAT : H
t+
. Ll

N R
K

22801 'ON OLOHA ZLA

{ GROUP 24 — ALSO THERMAL
GROUP AT u=186

e
 Ars 2021 CM.

. MUTIPLY ¢ BY AsoBSTe2
-m oa'mm ITERATED FISSION EXPECTA’HGN

“srowe 1ol

HITREEL HFETELL
id0e T ¥
.....

ZEEadia el

4 15 16 17 -.-!S ss 20 at

 FIGURE 26 | THE Aoaom"r FUNCTIGN FOR VAR!OUS LETHARGY GROUPS

-SPACE: POINT 12— 089‘?82 70 OBTAN

' feef . THE !TERATED nss:on
! g;':gg RNt *285..,.._... EPECTAION
._ ARE m—-—a

s THERMAL

I[

W f’ a:'é :
. THERMAL GROUP 0 l8 17 l6 5 4 1B 12 1 10 9 e-.;'-‘ T
.. L.ETHARGY, u=ln(IO"/E) T

:i-?:~ FIGURE 2 7 STATISTICAL WEIGHT AS FUNCTION OF LETHARGY maVAmousspAcgpom

| ¢ vs U 3858 —--—wu- :

Hgrvsy  avig —— (uummm By m
] MULTIPLY. 4.* _A=0.89762 TO OBTAIN
H THE rrznxn-:n FISSION EXPficTATIDN

AHE, A"’l*3 :._:._: '_

19 ta rr us 5 54- 33 |2 3--|'|'5 'lo 9

Tt fractxan}

“{vel.

f;m.ct«;e_n) |

smmwss
| 7 STEEL

vol.

fract_zen)_'-.fl__' A

jgfffl &2096 L
lif; fffi GEI&G ?3}2f; ’3*

9 9924

| o.0063

|  :pé£Es7in”£ €

77_,1& the reflecto

MGHENTED REFLECTGR THlCKNESS lN CMS._

m::30 em. (12 1n._-j

”"ds/az,f_ I
1-gowp |

-i HEFIECTGR _:5'§c;);'5gfr f *(CQ)_:-“; §*1c/Atr)

A':iA.i.-F!l?- EQUAITGN

';'=='i;';?f.;::;z::z;=z=. _

'“ffiwfiflQmefiQ?   jm1-ffjmiom}   

'-ifx 95317f;’*L;,Ei;g#?ajffl‘_3??’71319913, jf**-*i;01fi£icQ¢zf‘f

fi nh1cknesses of lé cm

fsxmce reflector 512

s Table 2.5 shows
'f;xnxtzal aiape of the

savings can be comput dr.xreccly, ;omrags.;:;g'ahd‘z”lc;'.;~.;fl.
%5:__ar_ref1ector and partlcular thxckuess is equal to. thefirii

: e multlplzcatlen constant.; Bafiector_f-'

n 7are Presentedf{“ F18° 2 11‘ ;

_ 3 _  01 saturates falrly sharply atjg_ -f H s
| che bottcm ARE reflectcr Ho. 513 saturates at abonbf  f  
“that the ARE 31dé reflector No. 512 satntates at about7 :f _ S
1nterast1ng feature of the szde reflector is that for'iq]f::"ififi
or less it is mare eff;c:ent for the chazn reactlon than o
__;.:¢the addxtlon af a sxmllar th1ckness cf core. materxal._ Thxs is. understandablei.. s |
_. contaxns app;oxlmately 97% BeG mederator whlle the care'f],*;;v.-.-”=
“”t[;cafitaxns enly 85% moderator,;_  i SuE : TR SO SO e

the effect uf the hlgher moderatar cancentratlnns on thef”s

reflector savzngs‘ The transport mean free- paths Wfire“ ?V_“'**

o T ayeuenTe ReFLECTOR. mm;?ncus St i
FIGURE 2.10  THE REACTIVITY OF GORE 84 OF RADIUS 5053 CM. BACKED BY VARIOUS
e REFLECTQRS OR AOB*TIONAL CORE MATER?AL

_CORES

R THICKNESS IN  CMS.

X
Sl
9
e
5

Uy
S L.
-3

gzig
- REFLECTOR

| 6000881 0i67 | 6803] oz0i [ii38] |

. FIGRE 211

e used to estimate the

S -_-"c:oef ; .CIants hs 3
"]constant”‘*- '

A fi:fz.ez:mze

S ZONE 1\
. zowe2 mxxxx

"HYSICAL DATA OF EAGH
REFLECTOR ZONE L
zons PR ER

%REFLEGTOR '-'--_974 L TR s xfisnficma {Be(}} | 953

OB COOLANT . L 35 o % COOLANT - NA 288

o PSS eIl T g s

z vom ks
CZONE 2 L
“% REFLECTOR '8891 A IR
xcoamm 814 o
%STEEL 636
% Vol ::ss

”;---_FiGURszlz A S,KETCH OF THE ARE SHOWING REFLECTOR
' THICKNESSES COMPOS!T!ONS 'AND DiSPOS[T!ONS -

'mm. REFLECTOR PHYS!CAL DATA:;_.-_“.{

3 .} Bottom f 1%6 - | Llose2z f o

C&matxon, a-tfilfié ciuster to 6-tube clus*er-.- L
o flet, clean, unperturbed reactor B e

Su: con&roi-rod thimbles at‘. =0. 011 each e

":::g.'u._fie!: Am reactxnty thh 25 Ib of uranmm

"-::'3-<j:-?flax1m. k desued cmucal : R S
.k for Sm amd Xe uvernde O S

o Na!: excess kb for expenmnt measurmg
' éev;ces, etc. : = :

. Tot:ul k é‘ff des:u:ed : SPE
_:—I'{;_:Ad&}.uonal keff needed (1 016 - 1 041)

i iframwa m Core 84

3455&1_&0«1&11 urgnmm to achxeve addxtxmai h eff neededf-
3 _-ahai uraamm then m react:mg volume S e
_;_f',-'._Erref range, +10%, -'2{3% i

5% nllovmncq ibove and msxde S C curtam

5__._'.::'3:Tc1:t1 aranx!m :mvezt:ment m AEE S e

o | B T Macauley, USAF Gu Leet;h Oak Rldge School of’_::-_. .
e actar Technclogy) Tahle 2. 7 gnres the breakdown of the estlmated reactlv:n_ty'z-f._”_'__

"_i..}c ange that w;il hava t:o be offset by shxm-control rods.: There are a gao& - i

| ___:"better data and more accurate calculatlans hecome avallable.'“' |

®

T the mel- ;i;'n:g.PO}'nt Of the fuel . 986 F _

“idown accordxng to whether they occur helow ar abOVe-f‘”

s Roquiring Shim co

m,ff/h, f (%)

BELGE 986 F

.:;f:?.Chan

.  t?Ckan

Tzif  ?  EXFansxon of the solxd fuel: 80 ‘° 986 F

xfl] ;Ex§ansiun of fnal upon change 1n phasq,golld to ; d. 

iquid

':CV ff;fE!Pans1un 5f 11qn1d fuel _986 to 1410 F, assumed tu ;  .

expand into B4C layer

'iwszfCfiange of reactor sxze due to expans;on, 80 to 986 F

fl'”~fi0hangc af reactor a1xe due to expansxon, 986 to'flT*
F S S b S

:” jIntrodnct1on of coolant (nflt 1301“&1“8 channellng

e ifefiact of toxds}

. '_flfiof danazty of core BeO 80 to 986 F
_”T  fffof denszty'éficore BeO, 936 to 1470 F
.'T;ff?oiudena;tyiéf}core Na, 183 to 986 ?
g of density of core Na, 986 to 1328.5°F
of density of core inconel, 80 to 986°F
Ch 'f;core 1nconel 986 to 1328 5 F
_f fé; 'o£ density-fiereflector BeG 80 to 9&6 °F
o ; :i?%f0£’dens1tYfi ;ref1ector BeQ 986 tfl 1470°
. ”wf}' “af,dgns;tquffreflectar Na, 183 to 986

 of density o

ange of density

; T  ff” :gffé;§§i£§i§£ reerctor‘Na, 986 to 1328 5 F .. ;? _ 

?g:fl-affééfiéifi;”éf-§;f¥§c£6: i§cb§q1;'53 £6'§§5§§_l-.

ge --;g-’&;n:si tyof reflector inconel, 986 to

seetxen effect)

aect:oh effect) o

"::*;gqaxllbrxum.xenoa:'

i*A&éx&zonal after-ahutdown xenon over and abeve
' equzlxbrxum xenon :

_  fl@p1et1on af fuel

.Total react1V1ty change (%)

“of thermal base, 986 to 1492°F (nuclear cross-’ |

gneas is -1

tssunad‘zero

~2 0

: ___? . -0 93

 fl f§;42 

: o “0‘ 54 - ..

xsaufied zero

‘No data available; |
. assumed zero

i NG data .7311.__ : B -
4 :bleesssnmedi_{ '

of thermal base, 80 to '93:5:QF5 f_k#}*cié'#r_'crufég; SR

. ;No data ava1lab16, a.;  'jf'?'"

fiNu data ava;lahle, ;:T3”357' 

,t;- Na data av&xlahleg _j]j'¥fl

.. No dgta ava;lw't :
op lhla;saaumeéf_. .
| zero 5

xera

Lq

935 F:; :__ 

| 'p_tures that occur 1 :';t:he dszerent cansmtuents of the_

. P

| _1_011 neutrons are captureé w1 th_ the fellow1ng dlstrxbutxon-” e

2 S (30% of whxch are :.n coolant)

_-_._-’gha absorptxons in t:he BeQ are calculate& thhout regard fer 1‘“?‘31'1121@5,";;;‘ L

An :mcrease .'_:.f.-'_'perhaps S@% 1n the moderator absorptlon 1s expected.

PHOTO NO. 10843

200" FLEL TUBE DIAM.)

5
........

GARGAERAE S D

G D
FBHBAN &

- 3
] 28 84

G 5 09

o

B:
&

§ HEEW A

BG6Y0 BEREsHLE Y
882 2RnER0RRy

REE LS RS

T

ERARES AAGERDNSAR FAEREAY
- _H IR SN NG FOL

 §EENE ST ehE ud

A B3NE

3

-

TIITE e
T e 236 2 W 156 .40 R
B

T

NP
x5 11

taats
i
13 RO H

CTOR -}'%?fi'm_c;‘_imfi'ss_ ;

)
.
-

45 A i

S5 ul 311133
ARTTERETTEE

»
g

i

Bt

"

DO 5 551 0 2D
SN GNE o

B dswsneha
9

AW
- e

| NOLNGMISIG 3MNOS GILVMIL

 REFLECTOR MODERATOR-

S TAN DARB

E 0 AR A AR
it

Sk AR OEN &
i

R
£t | BEHE

. CORE RADIUS sa525cm. B
RE ?LECTGR mzcmsss 14.147 cm. |

- RE FLECTQR 513

'.--;.1889:% - BeO
Sr 635%‘ : S S
e te% &e

EEaNuNaRAey

IS IBIIBADSBRAERANE
IatkRnieizs :

i 3

31
TERTY P
IRELSNEACUNDS

FEFE AR AL RNGE SEWRE SHLuT AR ONGH

TEests
i b

_,1. ,
AT

5. URANIUM WEIGHT FOR A-I,A-2,A-3 ARE DESIGNS |

;;;;;;;;;

0 1 2 3 & 5 6 ‘7T 8 9 .'_-:#Oj-._':_’n_ .-.'ijzfl_--afs'_f __:-a_g.. 15 . 1}6_'_.__' ' as | 9

- FIGURE 2.15 FLUX S ',’:f’TEfiC.TWM m STANDARD AR E A ! DESiGN

.28 cm and the

.fcaused hyfn

_tcore s:ze 'hl" eepil

Y ';"z.*;_:Cr:ltu:al n.ass (lb)

nemlabasa shxmocontral requ:lremnts m | i S
'.k £f (part of st.art-“? 351” “‘i“’*”ments" o
cold to hot (1233 (288 |

b "l'atal peak--t.waverage pmrer ratxa (not
- ra§131 ratxo) ' :

ek _"fiemi fxssmns at aperatms temperature (%) o

"57fA.c0_p rlson of F1gs. 2 16 and 2 1? 1llustrates the 1mproved f18510n1ng:_ .
dxstrxhatxon._ The d&crease 1n shlw contrfil requ:rements nf 3. 9% 1nagazng to“-7

the core ef reéuc d=sxze allows the ellmlnatlon of one sh1m¢contr01frod"."

IN ARE CORE OF

ko)

ok

R E N ) N
fifl_fi" i i Hpe

0676 X 10%*ATOMS /C.C.

50 %

o
o

.160% - Na_ COOLANT

MALIZED TO ONE A!

HEEUER0 INRENTREAE

N 1 518
Fifriors

Exen

248d 69 RE

8 paBagan

LATTICE POINT- nyreMar;.

'SPATIAL POWER DISTRIBUTION.

524*__ Saspigae:

My

i dogorfis

 FIGURE 216

QONd SWOMLNIN 4O ,¥IEHNN-

"

SERRHUSARNY
441

e

. 88.91 % -Beo |

A e RN

f  89.00% -BeO

. 836%°SS. i
9.6 % -Na  mn

7 lse %- : Ng COOLANT '5 .:':'-; e

i

REREAR ANBEE

tERANESEN]

ARREE B
BBEEE SEES

It T
AT TEEL

-;..r‘r_ ..

BRBH MR R

|

14

N SR O AR ES HHEG

PR
TR

G e 2

C.C.

16 S mE D B
5w

- ®NORMALIZED TO ONE AVERAGE NEUTRON

T

TTEErE
i SR

Tk

MERDS

)RR

) 8 " B i
- 5 8 4 0

[

}:

1

1
T 1

i

=
Sy o

obeg i b
4% o I 8

o=l
z

13 b
6 5
G IR
-
e

dEEnae

S

s K
b B LR

iNNEEE INERERRDES
| GHEER ARE
ey g

amana
RS o e ok

Ll et
Tt

e

T

g o o

Sl AodNB NP ERD
50 00 0 5000 0 A
gt bt}

S5 A M
T EEH

Eaans)
FEET
SRR

y
2]

B : . g gt .

58 4 1 AR

T (ASSUMED FOR 907)

SBRS £ aud=aatas anas
E
- iy iy
i K
et

e

*

® N~ @

303 40 9% u3

a3

na

~ SNOWLN3N

4o

4

e

U HATTICE POINT oA
'SPATIAL POWER DISTRIBUTION IN 3' STANDARD ARE (REAGTOR 90

_fi'coolant was calcu- ,:--““

'tzhg from the rodT  |

o __:_  efwas ahont 14% thermal finx, 9 084 ev, ln the ARE deslgn used
_f; g cortespa'd1ng to about 60% thermal fxsqxahs), and a cwo group Nordhe:m«  '
;fi sc&1a§or madel was use&. W:th th1s assumptlon the change in reactlv;;y wasf”
_however Wlth the 9 335 1“-_3 C wall thlckness therad 1s .f::4fi

Babin, H. E .St:ern and F. W. Mezger, An Az:.al Control Rod m Cylmdncal Reactors NEFA.-1207-
m~m4 (l\'ov 15, 1949) L i T N L

L flfiff the rod with the rod fully =
1d ""tf160 watta. TakxngififfVi”

:1ength of the rod would then be 11 200 watts,.and the average”:j  fx£f:f”

linear centxmater 1s th 'ff* f'mimatel f120 watts.;_f[]jfi_ ~

iwas usad w:th a twawgroap model to'7ff |

' fThe:ref1ected reactor was approx1matedfifJfT%7

,_;-ame_comp031t10n as the core af the__,- .

fif: wherea¢f 15.the fluxzin therfast greup, ¢ 1s flux 1n the slnw graupp a;,b” S

¢, and d. depend on the m1croscaplc prOpert1es of the reactar and on’ v_,fiphg'fj“_f'=f

". nnmher of neutrons per fISSIOR necessary to make the reactor cr:tlcal

Absorpt1on of and fxssxan by neutrons 1n the fast group was 1ncluded.  ,__ ~

;In gettxng the- cnnstants a,:bj c.;and d.a Fermz age contxnuous siowlng .down

, mode1 was flrst worked out and then the_two group constants were eVEIUated'  ;f5T"

The slze was chosen sc that v = 2 5 the actual5f

. s
_ea tor wh;ch is cr1t1ca1 wlth the rod ont

_,I;flux 1s fxnlte at the rod center,'r-— 0'; 1,e.2 the rod
'parent tc the fast graupsf__L  ; . -'3'~'-.- :

of neutrons was calcu- =

_ _rod_per:square:centlmeter of rod.
_ at every. fi;on of the slow group whzch enters AT
'_s captured an& gendrates 2 6 Mev of heat energye_ In thls formula; ffffL"'
'::caler_flux, 8 is the extrapelatlon dzstance at. the rod dxscussed'uHJ:[ 
:ftke radxns af the rad, The expre551on of J results frem the_’ff '”
J V:r=fam11xar formula N L L e : o

- .'{11) Dausan anti S Knshnerxuk Lmear Extrapolchon Lcngih for a Black Sphere a’nd aBicck Cyclmder,- L
RIS uoncreal report Mrk214.(gag,_3o‘ 1946} S |

he associate

: za two equai photcns of 3 3 Mev each (b) flsslon-}g
. amma rays, 5 Mev per. f1551on d1v1ded into two. equal
_ ons of 2, S‘Mev each: (¢} core- capture gamma rays, 7 Mev per.
t slngle photon. S -

| t _nua ion is rapld

.g[jExpenen&xal;attenuat1on was assumed 1n the careg no attenuatxonlgfi'”

- (12} Wl}.san, “An Invesugatxon of t.he Dlsmtegrauon of Boron by Slow Neutrons," Proc. Roy Soc. .
SRR Lcmdon AlT7, 386 (1938). . AN T '

-"’(13} Pro}ect Hamibook Metallnrgxcal Project report (1,-597, Chapt.ar V

. Reactivity Ci
~ Division; B. T. Maca
 Technology). The followi
 pertaining to the curre

'~ lations.

~icore moderator

~ '_é_rl'e_'. "ii.n"c"o'z;;e.'j}_ _ _:_:.'
 *Based on linear expansion coefficient of BeD = 4.4 X 10°° °F'L. Actially, however, in the ARE design
- /the moderator deusity decreases according to " because the BeO blocks are

e ) : ; : : cmel co&ffifileflh Qa_us@ thg . locks_' Ard strung : . R
. on the 'GG#;&at--tybgg-.,:_- A : S et atrang..

YRR R T

INCONEL = .00636[{HET

. 389‘ -

~
0
fal
4
=
o
.
bl
.

SkRasd

£
i
-
*

FRAGTIONAL OHANGE OF Keff WITH FRAG

G G5 o o e 3

Ik

=
=
g
0
b
=
_mw _
>

*m = URANIUM WEIGHT  Hiad
. ARE, A-1 DESIGN SERIES  ihli

s
aig N
o
=
=<
o

EE AN NG DR NG RS
TR AETS

HESED DA

piofiotord

{1 INCONEL =.02180

 FIGURE 218

been 1nitxateda- One snch calculatxan has

ff_ddaszgng L

(14} &! Smith .I:r . T fiuiun3 M. J. Nielse d R, Cove you, Perturbanan Equatwns for the S R T
_ _Emetw Respome of a Liquid Fuel Raasio" AN?-»Gz (Apr 17, 1951).  In this report the mon- .
lipear equations are set up and the nonlmear ‘terms are assumed to be seceud order and. aegiecte R
" These assumptions, made in order “to treat the. probiem analytmaliy, restrict. the results. 3

o smail changes in t:he *s;uatlonary '8

' ERE N B

Yerrhivent

THICKNESS® 5.57'

54

BRAEATN R

~oos3s i

| PERGENT THERMAL FISSIONING

Hin

sxi0l

| ONE GROUP DELAYED NEUTRONS
| CONSTANT INLET GOOLANT TEMP.

#

o

_ STEADY STATE AVG.FLUX =

 REFLEGTOR (8i3)

6 48 50 52

o 4z as 4

T

2

e

8

r
pue

b

NO MODERATOR EFFECTS

| DIAMETER: LENGHT»3'

s

BEdgshe:
JA0kn Gpan rike:

thi

1
T

3!
i1

34 38 3,

i

i
o 32

1

© TIME (SECONDS)

L

Ly
4
18

L

24 B!

St Lond donde o
H

gy

18 20 22

LIS Th ey

S N ey
sriprlecbeiogd

L6

g sesm GEER

ape

- o
dad

Q-

<
D

g
3

e
4

111
35

2

1o

T

111t

TaokuEsssssT |

VOL. FRAGTIONS

| No MODERATION EFFEGTS

| CONSTANT INLET GOOLANT TEW

TIME SECONDS

FUEL TEMPERATURE RESPONSE TO A STEP INCREASE IN REACT!

EEmE Gl

18 20 e2 24 26 2

.

4

g

| 2 : .2.0- .

FIGURE

100 ¢

RELATIVE  EXCESS

~ FUEL TEMPERATURE OF THE |
~IN REACTVITY OF 0009I25. T

. LIQUID FUEL MEAN EXCESS TEMPERATURE Bglu)

A PHASE DIAGRAM OF

segaa

|
1
o

ASTISSH MR L m.mcf.. “.:”n.fl .. .m” ._Enn%_@ =58 : Bl sisasRes ”.. £ =t = Biges e weinagee: o
Ll g 8 € mod§ o2 @ g @ N @ w6 & W T

2
|

10
. FIGURE 221

T

lcatzon constant}[fi

erments to dasermxne a(n,Zn) wer ”,ade by HOutermans,:i,?:hg

: H; and Teuch_r,fiifl) The sxmllarlty of H'   rmans and Busxnof s7i*r
"._ ;set-up (an 8- cm~d1ameter sphere of beryllxum in water) to a two-fffl*

_:ustlfles the use af mult1group scatterxng theory ta determzne'fv'

 detail ir Y«Fm‘ss e
“F. 8 . : ‘()n the (n Zn} Baactmn in: Berzlihum w:.th Neutrons fro- a Polomum-Berylhu
Scurce;" Nachr.d.--il ad. d hss in G&ttmgen, ath -Phys., K}. 52 {1946) (see transiatlen by
oo WK Ergen, Y—FZO 12) .
17) L. I. Rnsmov, “Passage of Fas!: Neutrons Through Beryllmm, » Physté Z’. Saw_;etumon 10 219 (1936)

_ z 7Jfi Thucher, “‘Primary Spectrum of Fast Neutrons froma (Ra o + Be) Source and Thelr Ine'l' i
S .I@acta in Berylhum, B.tsmut:h and Lead,” Z. P ystk 126 410 (1949) : T

   0£ beryllium:d _ the
:ffmagn1tudea Bes 1ts of thf f
_:7;U(n 2n) from 3.”' ' '

he canciuszon‘that the (n 2n) reactzon 1n berylltnn nay?

affect the reactzvzty of the. beryllxun uranzum reactor by77

.5upprdx-nately 10% at Ieast thxs passzblllty 1s not ruled out by exlstlng*

::;data and ’hEOPy.“  f'

resonance 1n the beryllznm~moderated 1ntermed1ate reactorsi“-‘“

' co's1dered far the ANP _1 e.; thxs case represents a stronger resonance than {f

.? f{}&ny 1n the proposed ANP reactor._ Thus At is apparent that the expected”'“”f

”ffect and hence error in’ present IBM reactor calculatzons due to thlsf{lfi-f

:'vThlsfieonclu31on is 1n agreement w1th that of Rcse(lgj_whc has shown thatf 

; ;thete E _
Vi;whxch appi

| _and ‘& certaln fractlon,-y, af neutrons 1nc1dent on th1s i fl'

H ":hlanket escape ahsorpt&an and contlnue ‘on- through tn the refiector. The usuali ' o
'L,assumptxan of flux ccntlnnlty at thxs boundary 13 thus modlfzed Other._' S
'hfassumptxons used for pravlous ANP calculatxens are. retazned Two, calculatlonalf'afffi*?

.” lethods have been dev1sed for the solution of bhls problem and are underffz |
_;development¢¢ Both menheds change hhg usual boundary cond1t1ons between cure::fff*
. and reflector from contxnuxty of rlght and left currents across the boundary .

',,,Jéare "-Iteflectart_:” '
fcore "3;“?ef_lec'§q_r_ FHR

n to
| | '--'_wcam -’reflector
§

- "__jfcore _ 7-’ reflecr.er . e

:”t? wbere nha agrows 1nd1cate the dxrectxon of the current. .
€. B, _ f"The Sf"he,-'tcal Reactar u;th a BQC Layer Betaeen .
Y* 13-59 {July 6, 1951) " Fad o

R A Cove ou-, Sphe*:.
Beis) Rudhehindnci

o . ""...f.'fius caicuiafi,_ o repzort s
. Beader, ORNL, Y-12 Site, Y-m 53 (Ma}t yz, 1981).

' g ¥ schr“&e"; ».“9531@ af
(9 ) _‘Z’o be repart;mi m detax}, m GNL'_

e -*jFlGu R£ 2. 22 GAM MA HEATING OF FISSION PROD UCTS AFTER[_ e
e f*swumowm AS A FUNCTRON OF coeume Tl ME (OF’E RATING .ff i
e | QNE WATT Pawm LEVEL

PER GRAM OF UpgCRIT

&

Upsz “MILLIGRAMS7 (OPERATIN

GURIES /(OPERAT!

e eeouns 'rma(navs: | o
msuaszzs CURIES OF uw ACTIVITY AFTER SHUTDOWN AS A FUNQ+f-.*F
T:ON OF GOOL!NG TIME OPERATING TIMES LESTED OoN. curwzs s

.....

HTHL
2t ":’!“fl'

TITELT
E

QFERAT‘!NG T IME (DAYS)

 '“5'75_:_'j?f_*ffis'aGURE 224 TUTAL NUMBER OF GRAMS or-' Uass
-}:i:f_'}PRooucss PER QPERAT!NG WATT AS A

"-"{___i;;;::'::}'FUNCTtoN OF OPERmNG TIME

.0 58 38 1910 0t T

B ISEESHED : SR REEC
- : e o e B s o s i 3
e o e T -0 g o B g
1 0.0 0 9 O T -
) 5 5 ] i
e

§B2HENEG RN EaE U aE a0

i 5 l! &

- -lr_lf- I:

0 I 00 3 O £
TR

0 25,800 1 O 0 0 O

AT

NG WATT AS A FUNCTION OF OPERA

rfihe”order of“deécrlptlon k ef

”llzed such that the feactoL }  .
__  then_fith the outer rzng empty thefg; .
'_ and w1thffiwo outer rlngs empty, 0. 727a fg ffi

check wit he - _“ cél assembly so thaf;mt would seem perfectly safe to loa¢-i;  _
_._edla:&1¥ t ¢-f1rst three rxngs.r The fourth rlng could be. laaded a fourth  _fl”fi
@ e, :hlm control is worth 6 to 8% 1nuk ffe and the outer };

roup is responsf

”f at1on of prellmlnary reactor assem

; i ‘  h adequat j  .  _i'*
"_;Ithj;heJassembly made crxti al severalr nportant

_1on, the assemhly, when crltlcal

| uclear prapert  ffi

Recent contractaral changes 1n the alrcraft reactor program have nece331~ e

'“:;tated repiacxng 75% of the staff engaged in the crltical eXPeflments durxng”_".

__NIU;.__BS#?_LL;I__M CRITI(:AL SSEMBLY

has been tepurted ear11er(1) that the f;rst assemhly had beryll;um as;,;;, ? .

f f;madera£ar and had ao reflector. The measured cr1t1ca1 mass was approxlmately.
" :36% less than that calculated (seé Secg_Z Part‘D), andwanumber of exper1ments -
_"have beeu carrxed ont to determzne 1f the relatlvely law exper:mental mass 13 7
:';due to neuhrons reflected back lnto the core by the floor and structuraI 7

'fifmatetxals*”  ]{ '”_  thhese tests neuuron absorbers were placed between the

'-j cor3 and ‘the potentxal reflectors.- In one other test the quantlty of p9831b1e 

V_Qreflector was 1ncreased 1n an attempt te exaggerate the supposed reflectlon.

.15(1) E Chlllhan. “Crxtxcal Experlmeats,” Azrcraft Ruelear Prapuls;on Pra;ect Qusrterly Progress:
Rty Report fbr'Pertod Endzng Hhrch 10, 1951, ANP- 60, P 119 (June 19, 1951

@ *Air-cooled Reactor,” NEPA Pro;ect Quarterlyzprogress Report fbr*thePe.tod’October 1 Decenber 31, ;. ' f-""" ;

ERETh 1950, NEPQFIGB9, p 9 (no date o

:_regroduciklllty of  f.]

.:can be made of the' ff£

: In theicurrent expar1ments-m.tT i A
ffiwater and graphlte replaces the  ifli
The] .fifi

3 .prengSSn G

2 mo : ted_that”uranlum 1s:nut,so__ e
'H“yd;o_lde. ‘Lithium hydroxlde andfpotass;

”T“fssolve approx1mate1y 1 and G 5% uran1fim,-respec~f': *

se hydroxldes w111 dlssolve even 1arger-quant1tlesjj .7‘"

.; ;of the sodlum hydrox1dem~potass1um‘hydroxlde;_' 

_are be1ng determxned

fgfven to the reprocess1ug and; .V

. The processing time -
in"L 1s ava1lah1ei;_'

'*?Leoalnfi srsrfims

CLL Brahcher S
C J Barton |

Studlé' of posszble-llquld fuels'conszstlng of molten mlxtures of uran1um

'*LVQtetrafiuorxde thh a numher of other fluorldes have been contxnned durxng the

:past qnarter, USIRg the methods of thermal analysxs as . outlxned in. prev1ous

'J_reports 1- 3’ In the course of this 1nvest1gat10n a large number ef two- ‘and

| T;three companent fluorlde systems have been examlned in some detall At least

:ffxva af the three component systema have been shown to pflssess meltxng pe:nts

:-T(I) C J Barmn, B E Moore, J P Blakaly,_andG J Nessle, ”Low Meltmg FIuorxdc Systems .,,.,_"

Thermal Analysis” Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Pro; ect Quarteriy Pragress Hepart for Perwd Eudmg
© August.3f, 1950, ORNL-858, p. 110 (Dec. 4, 1950).

2 (2) - R. E. Moore, G. J. Nassie. J. P. Blakely, and C J. Bart:on "‘Low-Melung Fluor:.de Systems,_
U0 Adreraft Nuclear Pro ulsion Proj ect Quarter!y Progress Report far Perzod Endmg Decenber 10 1950,,
oo ORNL-9 9, p._242 (Fa 26, 1951). _
'{_.(3)_*-.} P Blakel BuB Moore, % 3. Nessle, and C. J. B&rtfin, _“Phase St;uehes of Fluonde Systems
;-_Atrcra,ft Nuc ear Propulsion Pro_; ect Qnarter!y Pragrass chort for Per; d, Ending March 10, 1951
' 0 ‘27 (June 19, 1951 § PR : : i . : 9 o

ent of NaF by RbF in ___f"he' former and of KF by RbF 1n
m | _gd.sllghtly lower mlnxmum meltxng 901nts but lzttle:{.:,;
_éful concentratlon range._ The NaF-PbF UFA SYStem offers low T  .
. to 2A : It 1s l.tkel'i, however, that'_:'_:';’_'

31 ; head1ngs hel ;.

. SHBidium =g“°ride-0raninm Fluoride.- The hlgh cost and llmlted ava11a~ :'
d,cwhliltyiof‘ruhxdxum'flfiorzde requxred that the thermal analyses be done on. a'f~7

-f;;equxlxbrxum dxagram for the HbFnUF‘ system shafin 1n Fig.

: ”;th chat for the KF-UF4 system reported prevxausly (3) ,,”.
| fifflpolnt in thzsf | low

-;fsystem of Intere '

”?i iam f@r the CsF«UF4 system_ _ L
chis: n at 7.5 mole % UF,,_éso# "

n __zgh-U'F4 part efithe dlagram makes the locat1on<fi?the 11qu1dus"f
_ér'uncertaln.; There is some evxdenee for a compound at 75 or 80 .
Pur 'i’fild CsF_?llke BbF dlffuses.through hzgh dens1ty graph1te.? 

the pr aleh J;:.she:ffi“

tatxon of the cool1ng curve észxcultfi; It seems llkely that a 

ul;rma& in the range 30 to 45 mele % UF‘, but the compesztlan of? 
“7fsflnncerta1n.: Above 55 mole % UF‘-the dzagram is more. cen-.“

5:}ffieat10nal, showxng a deflnxte eutectlc at 752 i 10°C

B&rylliun Fluuriée*wfiraniua Fluaride,g A number of mlxtures were run in ;jl37
'thxs system thh somewhat inconclnsxve resalts.. M1xtures containing more than ””-'

_ g' 35 mole % Ber showed ‘no not1ceahle break in the caollng curve.  Apparentlyi

; ;:m1xtures IB thls regznn form qnxte stable glassese_ The lcwest meltzng poxntf :~
"gfound ln thzs system, at 15 mole % UF‘, was 760 i 19°C |

o e

Wl

. zg 30 | 40 50 80 7° T

-;The.meltlng po:ntf3

fi'semhle those 1n thef

1 both systemss shows a mlnlmum at about 45°C IOWerf.

'whlch occurs in the;

than xn the'N‘  ¢ .;:system._ The 550°C contour llne covers a sllghtly w1der g”'

range of"ranxum conce"tratlens 1n the NaF RbF UF

'otassinm Fiuoridem—nubidxum Fluaride-vranium Flaoride.. The meltzng “"

materzai on the has1s of the data that have been abtalned to date._ _ ,'”“*'

:_afid ;,Lead Fluuridequranium Fluoride.. Contour llnes for the _"

“ ft meltxng polnts in’ thls system are shown 1n Flg 4 7 The 550 C contour llne “
 ‘ system (0 to 23 moie % UF ) However,_xt sheuld fie noted thatu

"5f_than in the NaF- BeF UF; systemy awlng to the hlgher speclflc grav1ty of thef
former.. Some 31  ”tireductxon of lead fluorzde ta metalllc lead was notedgs

o 1n these mxxture._%
s omposxtlon af the mxxtures 31gnxflcantly

Fotassiua Fiuaridewnmead #luoride«»firanium Flnorider Contour llnes for[]*
substxtntlan Qf KF . fcr NaF resulted in hxgher meltlng polntsg' Thls system is

fluerade system i

system. Haweverfi the fact?'fl

'"StEm dces not'appear to be very promlsxng for use as a fuel j'~

covars aPPrcxlmately the same range of uranxum concentratxons as 1n the;_“”'

20 mole'% 'F‘ in the NaF PbF «UF4 system represents a: hlgher uranzum den31ty.'g:7 ;_

_ ut'ghe amount of reduct1on was not eneugh to ¢hange thef;  . "”'”

thxs systems_based on lxmlted data,_are shown 1n Flg 4 8 As usual thewf“

. dec:tdediy less promxs;ng as a fuel mater1a1 tha.n the correspfindzng sodlum'.-':"’"""
N b e

_ééserylllnm Fluoride—»firanium Flnarlde.  Thxs_”w' 

.H'  fmuch,tess pramxslng th”nfithe? W.-}-T” :

"n.of 1t does not seem[

_ The berylllum curves cannot at present be-, .. S
'er 79 mole % BeF owmng to the afore mencxoned formatlon of: "

'ncerta1n meiti'gf"”nr of pure herylllum fluarlde

";;under & norma' _"”fsphere an& that the sodlum monouranate formed nnder these:j . *-

'F}condxtlnns glves quxte unstabie suspensxous at YOG“C Data have also been =

3 presented whlch show that the suspenslons beceme less stabie dur1ng agxng at’ "7

:T  ?0&“6- No addxtxve has been found whlch wlll prevent thls unde31rahle ag1ng  _:: Sl

fi_ :thh1am hyéraxlde and pota531um hydroxz&es_on thg other hand are shown to' f”'”":

  ; §13301?& approxlmately 1 an& 0 5 wt %, respectxvely. uranlum at 709°C Whlle a;    .,T_..,

AR

: : {4) éfiflg Badmaa, L G' Qverholsary and D E Rxcholson,“Systems Conta:nxng Sad:am Hyéroxxdeffo  f7””L

858, op.. ett.a P’.;a?

_ '{5) D Beéman, L. G Overhalsery and D E fiicholson;“‘Suspensxona of’Uranlum Campounds in Sod1nm:5fl“fi
. Hyéroxxda, ORNL.~ 919,_opu cut 22 4 235 o ‘ | G Ltnat s Rt S

. ': .f(6) J. D. Re&msn,_L;iGL flver
S ANP-60, i

Hy&moxxde, A

 ;_ sod1um hydroxxde sys m A:GOmparlsOn'of the ;ts g1ven 1n Table 4 1 forg;,
| fthe sodium’ hydrox1de_L  tems at 500 and 700°C also shows that the decrease 1n]*“"""

"*  gtab1§1tY or growth of? ”:partiCles 1s less pronounced at 509 than at. 700°C5ji””

 }'fit 1f these systems are used at the lowe |
_5stab111ty ‘and’ (2) less drastlc changes on ag1ng' '_
' Pe ltles due ‘to the 1ncreased v1sco'1ty and7 e

'1perature operatzon,_fl 3?5"'“"

URMHUMIEHAHHHG
| (%)

aat this temperature, however, dissolves ab

uranium are, of course, tc f'p.-

3__?raniufiffnfLithium Hydrexide.  Suspen81ons of uranlum 1n f:]H};
'fike similar. preparat_n_s with pota331um hydroxlde,_  G
' 'LUranlum tr1 x1de"' fhoWever, much mcre solubl

fgends, to a marked degreag'upon the tem?erature IfiF :g:*

Selubility of Uranium in Mlxtures 0f Sleum and Lithium Bydroxides. fThéi€ 

." squb1 xty af UGS at ?QO”C 1n a mlxture conslst1ng of 25 wt. % llthaum hy»_ _

;_ 'drox1de and 75 wt°_% sedlum hydroxxde 1s aboun 0.2 wt %
'_sxderably less than that for llthlum hydroxzde but greater than that found for T

- This value is conw,?_f:7l

’fabout I wt % uran'

 ntent shown by 1 equent::f"

uffiif the er1g na1 hy&roxzde 1s_§ "’H

.

g :easurements'

|  fi u.ma:éfon the cool1ng rates of the strontxum hydrox1de-bar1um hy~ff'
"drexlde and lxth1& §hydrox1de—~s0d1um hydroxlde systemsr The apparatus an&flf  f

. techn1ques emp}oyed are 51m11ar to these used in. studyxng the fluorlde sys=if: 

'*qtems‘33 except for the exc1u31ve use of n1cke1 for all eQHlpment”lnzcontactf"'

'5 11th the hydrox1dey,,;};fjfifi;{;fi**

The harlum hydrax1&e,_whlch contazned several percent'waterwfien recelved

:' was heated at 200°C Analy51s of tbe materlal followzng thls treatment showedf,fi“

.lt to be essentxally anhydrous. The meltxng poznt for thri"lot af bar1um3 _ ff 3' 

-x;'s.i 5°C Thls

No e 1dence1

' d1sassemb11ng t_a&: fi :?herent1y appears no permlt a relatlvely quxck ands;w]'

"d for the partlal _eeontam1nat1on of the reactor and the recoveryff*afh

Atffhe present CIme the use of establlshedjf;'“

rzducts. Aft rfff f&-

've*uranlum c"

g_handllng the tocal amount of fuel 1n batches cnnta1n1ng nat overi=_
"1onable matarlal”"feach - If a contlnncus process is ava11able,ff'

'fall dxmenslons are w1th1n the safe de31gn_55;,__fi

Hflllmlts for cr1 xcal'ty Tfils probably glves about the same mlnxmum reprocess-g_fi

-~

"ޢ ng txme as for hatch operat:un.-:

| The over'll reproeesslng tlme may be reduced by a proposed technane c:si:“:'i
::f&irect fluerlnatxon of the fluorlde mlxture and dxstlllxngcfif the resnltlngfl'”
&  nran1um hexafluorlde. Thls prccess zs-to be 1nvest1gated B

_orr081on th__

'-have}shuwnfthefneceSSItY*f0D   w

eight Ioups . The first loop has now been in_

_ ;i-senzvm sN mm.s

uten sodzum at 1000°C whlch have heenfrun-ln the:

-aék; as 1nd1cateé by welght changes and exam1natxon forfi”'

of

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED
¥-4093

MAG.250X

FIGURE 10.2
PREC%F’{TATiGN OF UNKNOWN PHASE IN GRMN .
BOUNDARY AND WITHIN GRAIN IN SURFACE ZO fE‘
OF 316 STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY AFTER ‘40 HOUR
EXPOSURE TO SODIUM AT !000“6

o

i
:fa

Lo

e
. fifi

e

s

| was quxte reslstant to attack

-

. sTATIC mne;sm:, smvafimsm-fmasins -FvEL o

:’* f;v1th hct_sa&xum on one szde and the fluorlde eutgctlc fuel on the otherg fiT¥é;¥ ff  

"-jfftest equxpment consxsts of four wells of ”standnges,- all leadlng from a¢.*5”9
| .aa conta;n sodlum at 1500°F. After a fuel capsule 13 cut=an'

__fwelght change, and chemlcalq&ata are-f 

 the problem Qf_chr931on, at. fjf7;LT””

eed not be ser:ous,_ it has,chcwerr’ heen*_j

e mlxture frem extraneous mata.";=~“--*-

i# progress are deslgned to study the effect of: ’ l'_
” 3f“P to 1000 hr and at temperatures up to 950°C.. The_ij"““

.:} exP°s“”e5 . G? H-_?f& £urnace contaxneé in a large vacwum chamher., Thls;“

 chamber. eneioses a Vol“me °f abOfit 3 .5 ft3 and is held durlug operatlon abf" 1 ;

_fi5,§res&ures below 1 p Hg by a 6 1n. dxffnslon pump backed wlth a 25‘Cfm Klnney5  ; “

*fip“mp' The ehamher can ba brought to this PreSSGre 1n a few minutes at the =

.”T””start of a run,7 siie fed to the furnaces through spark plng connectzons»""'

" | (1) P J. Hageiston “Statxc Corrosxon by Fluoncfe Melts, A;rc,r t Nucleav- Pro alswn Prcject':

_ Quarterly Progress Repart far Perzod Ehd ng March Io 195 . «5 g p-“212 June 19, 1951}: 4 .{ A

IETJi{i 6f;

lfl’n in u(!ie %: . NaFS 25; BeF , 633 UF‘ J : :

of these spec1mensg

.flTnétssi?f321’andh316 EECflstalnless steelsg 1s_natgléféé f€hg7facc that the

'7*The censtructlen'af a secand forced c1rcu1atxen loop (also fer sadlum) 1s_

 'near1ng completlon.' . o S R e

N

D

# m#.a@umm :

Thermal- eeavectian Loops (Harps). (E. M. Lees; ANP Dl?lslon) Thé;ANP o

" Experimental Engxneerxng-Group has continued testing dynamic corrosion in

Lur ----fby Pretreated
5in 109 hr at soe°c

: _showed httle evxdence of d -_r.e;c't" |
k; around edge, tc depth of from 1 to
3_mls, wera a numbe.,. of voxds some gf
' t ere

y»represent .

e'phase was |

'urzng polxshlngg volds ‘were non- |

_occurrence and were concentrated
"y on_one edge ef spec1men than_ o

_ ray and R B Bay, Afetallographu Examination af Statac Cor*oswn
S"eémenilaf Rgn figested in a Ternary Fluorsde Huture, memcrandum to

con;anct;on 'Ith the Metallurgy D1v1slon.f Durzng th1s per1od ”10 convectlon R

T e

'~_lcops (harps) were taken out of serV1ceL s1x of wh1ch ‘had been operated w1th

~ sodium at_1500°F for 1000 hr. -

“are presentiy in operation with sodium at 1509?F(

d&rifig _"emquar er;are'presented sznce the support1ng metallographlc examlna-'

5 txons have not been completed Loop materzals tested 1ncluded 316 304 and

’:4Dur1ng the qu LPer the fzgure:élght 1aop was. operated for approxlmately 200 hr{;    ;_ ’-
with. sodlum at 1500°F The test was termxnated by electromagnetlc pnmp cellfni

.:rnptnre whlch resulted ‘in a ser:ous sodxum sp111 Fortunately, the system1; ,$ f'

"-'1n“'kel and cobalt-base all°Y L°505

1131__1::_._'---_' o

_3stem 1nd1cates stopped lznes, thfireb?fjfijff:

'i;damped satxsfactorlly, and the flre was qulckly ext1ngu1shed A second}.

';;fxgute~exght laop xs baxng assemhled and sheuld be ready for testlng ear1y _:

V‘;;gnext quarter.;d?jfjgifg-u-.f

H-f ex1st1ng preblems (1) preheater dszlcuitzes resultlng fram the use of wrapai-.flf ' 

 1~_aroané heaters were. v1rtually elzmlnated bY the ‘use Of 1500“31 sheathed Q'

In the course of operat1on, hewever, solutxons were found for some'

H;TS?fiiSféctdrY§f 

pressure through

_ As aflrasui_ ef work on the longer‘range studlesg a report “on” analy31s 0£ '
V_heat transfer in some nonc1rcu1ar ducts has been published (ORNL-985). Pra«..

~11mxnary tests with sod1um have been made in a’ system wh1ch provldes data on

S s e

thermai entry Iength

'sodlum hydrox1&e system has been redesxgned to ellmlnate the need for pumps;
and construction of a small- scale 11qu1d metal bc111ng apparatus has begun

Beat capaczty data are belng obtalned at temperatures up to 1000°C on a

"routxne basxs. Thermal . conduct1v1tzes of sollds are’ now belng measured overii?'~

e smaller rangee VISCGSItY equlpment and Ilquld—thermal conduct1v1ty apparatus 

_ihave beefi buxlt and wlll be in operatlon shcrtly L1qu1d densxty eqnlpmentl"'“

“has been bullt and checked w1th sodxum., Agreement w1th1n 1 5% was ob;aznedf  

”fFW1th exlst1ng dat3-”

' sllghtly modzfxed

;  t1c alloy at power densxt1e31qsto 250 watts/cc ;_57A

. Lynch.. Zmola, “Study of Free Convectlon in quuld Fuel Pms il Azrcraft Nuclea" '
%&opaiiaanlggagect Quarterly ngress Report for Perwd E‘ndmg Harch iG, 1951,. _~60, P 232,_. .

senmx EEAT TR&NSFER CUEFFICIENTS

W B~ Harrzsons_fieactor Tbchnalogy D1v1slou};;u

The test section des1gned fer obtaxnlng heat transfer data in entrancaf;3*'”: |

;ireglons w;th sodlum cons1sts of‘a very short (1/16 to 1/4 in.) thlck walled_'fl:

"f3COpper cyilnder (3 1n..0 B ). Sod1nm is passed thrcugh a 1/32 1nofd1ameber_ tbf

"fhole 1n the center af the cyllnder, and the perzphery is malntalned at can=*i"

'_  stant temperature w1th low pressure steam. The 1n1t1al deszgn of the c1rcu«:”"'v: 

 flat1ng system 1ncorporated a cont1nuous recycle of the sodzum hy means of a oo

 *f ;gear pampg in V1ew cf the pressure requlrements cf 200 ps1 and the flow natef ];fif

{ f'af only % gpm,. In the last quarterly report(33 it was poxnted out that g]7 '

__..(3) W B. Harnseng “fiz : 'Traasfer Coeffxcxe t e'”._quuJ.d Sodmm' " Wfisflp apa:

f the ¢ bar is to be heated by an in
- so generated is to be conducted through the bar ¢

‘tank. Thermocouples are ced in the copper bar

3f3fffipi°t fer czrculgr

5 (6) W Eoffmaa,' “M&m Cc:ndtécx;ance Data Usmg NaOH ”» Azrcraft fiuciear Pro

~ being made. of_”he equlvalent &1ameter-(4 txmes the
“fxn the correlat

L

ffeqnxvaient dlameter corr"lated the experlmental data qulte well

:n.cf mom'ntum transfer data '}Anf_-f:ff;{f fT

-the resultS"'

3waere in gooé agreement w1th the un1versal Reynolds number-fr1ct10n factor;]l' 

In'the Reynolds numher reglan af 5000 and beyond

: (5) H fia Baffman “Sodm. Hy GXId: fieat~Tr&ns£er Stnches,”_ W«&, op. ctt p 228

ulswn Pro]ect Quarterly.:':-_.-f": |
i ?rogress Repart far Perzo' E'm{mg Decuber 10, 1950 (BNL 919 p 184 (%eb 26, 1951) _
  :rated anda s:mllar but 1mproved apparatus 1s be1ng desxgned

’agparatuses wxll be in cperatlon by July 15 19

.G, Clatboma, Investzgatwn of the "Equwalent Bwle*er Com.e. 2 for ot
_.‘Drap m Ducts of Vamous Flow Crass Seciwns, OBNL CFnSl 46168--_

e_at_-i_?"rmfer _"in_:No;_:ci_rc;:.lar:_l)gzctsc - Part I OIWL 985 ( Ma}r 14, 1?51}

| 40-600 -} 0
| soe-1000 | 0.162
| - 900 - 1000 |

() R F Beduond mad J.

Heat Capacity,” |

'gfithe course o£ bhése runs; the data checked wzth1n 15% those obta:ned byjjfl_”

the Naval Research thoratory over the same temperature range. A No. _16'f_ “3

| pI&txnum-wlre weund heater_ls_nowflbe' usedj”and_the sodium runs are being

”;repeated_ -

ance scme of tha llquxd metals are tcxzc and hdve apprec1able vapor_

”_;pressures, &afety cons1deratlans necessxtate use of a seal mare 9951t1ve than

; ¢the lead- hx”' "“'eal now be1ng used A new apparatus is helng des;gned wh1chjgfiF7

.;lfill}“tF;lifism 'e‘377f3ta1nless steel bellows The new. apparatus is expe

€a du¢t1v1t1es ef:the f0110w1ng llqulds w111 be deterM1nedfi'T_;
"af_Ll, UF »NaF KF (by welght %, 71 5 16 1 12 4)9_Pb Bx?: 

F,-NaF (by

" om. 919, op.

' ”Thermal C&mducuvxt' S

e (13) CE. R W. Powell,

'fsxnce anly che the;mal dszusxvxty can he abtaxned fram the exper1ment ';Als_f*“

*jshown are some prelxmlnar *data obtalned on boron carh1de of theoretmcalf;f

_urxty. of Sohds " AN?-G{), ap czt R p 243 _
Sérvey of Ex:.stz.ng Dat.a on Thermal and Electncal Oonthictxvlues of Imns am}
Steala,’.’ Iran and Steel Institute Specnal Report Sertes Ha

24, Second Report of Allny Staeis el
mettee. P 242.5 London 1939 I e N e e o

| ' §_(};4) cC Bldweli and C_ L.'-_'- Ho%an, _.“"I'hermal Coudnctzflty of AInmuum,
‘ J App zed Pkys.- 176 } R

GRNL QATA ON SESsIETaRanEce)
M.U &HNUM .

awws:.n.s DATALL
m_l,w_m__. e

e Pewau_’s mm-soua ;i;n-fgsz'ifs{t-
P omnL oata- cnosss;.i-_

*1:haé Been used _5 ” ””f¢_” _icuollng water from the constant temperatur53  th

 'f thr0ugh nhe'__ aratus was not glvzng unlform flow°: The equlpment has been

' ma3or companents uf.the falllngnball apparatus for vzscos:ty measurement have
‘.been completa& The vlscasxty tuha 1s mounted and 1nsu1ated and the sus«
_yenSLQB rack far zhe detector 1s under constructxon° Radlatlan surveys around

the instrument have_been completed -uslng a tantalum piugged quarter 1nch

  bear1ng ball as the test sourcea Sultabla shleldlng has beé szgned on the‘“"yw'T'

U basis of these surveysg to brang_°tray radlat1an down to the normal hackground

'f f1evel outsxde the shzel

The lovable melt tank. " _ete and,avallabié for 1mmed1ate aperat1on*p

'as requlred "[W;ff*f_f_ff i;_ :plated glass beads 1s belng pregared far

:  v1scometrY of 11ght alkaiz'm. F:._ These are. 5 mm pyrex beads Wthh W111 be

angh&y are also rebu1ld1ng equlpment far &etermlnatlon offffiflT

oaff1c1ents thh lead blsmuth

: type appllcahle to.the ABE,,and other'_f;‘-'?--'f _
]metal seals andfan graphxte gas seals° 3Théff.]ff
're completed Whlch wiflf[”

s, etcs. to progre'

T;and a canned motor and rotor centrxfugal pump Tn addltlofi fsteps are hexng

_-,..:-suhmergad._ The shaft,' =

'; §wo rxugs of 1!

"J_Jion hzgh %empe¢;tnrfi sodiflm,  A ‘new gacklng hox assemhly wh'__ ,110ws fenrffffT7§*:*'°

' 'Trxngs of 1/4&_;-~squara Teflon packxng with f1ve washers '_f1/16 in ?thzck3}1  ”  e
*m[5Tef10n sheet 1  __5ng fabrlcated for the 1n1t1a1 cperatlon on. sedlumg Thls'¥ frj Ll
e pack;ng wxli he aaoled 1nternally and externally as. arlgznally planned '

Zi 12 3e Deialllngin
"”rrent Iaop 5

_  91d streng&h of about 4 kllogausse; Thgiuiz};_,;_. .
_ .'ig structure 1s 30 by=27 lnafg 
_3f the material specl- ”   |
'hg'current locp wle ,; '

”x}and:the_stalnless_ffif'”"

: . {W _7Cbe ANP Dx#xsxong'and Ao G- Gr:ndeli Engxne ing
-land Maxntenance Dx ;s1on) Shop fabrxcatxon for water tests af the turhxnefi 5  } .  l_£
 ;Pump has been complftéde Parts have been dellvered but awalt assemhl"' (

' testlnge ,*Jil'

Eanned Bat@r Pfimp

:.$f 'B1?1S1Dfl) Durxnthhe'PaSt‘quart

(locuhon)

AGNEnc" cou.. B

B (Iocanon)

' STAGEELECTROMAGNETgC s

= ,'CURRENT;-;T.%:_'}. o

::'_'- (iocatlon) S R

. :.' (locatmn)

g fmpel
= 'The hxghest

Rxc_hardson, “Canned Botor Pumpg’“ che‘a ‘:'-Naclear Propu-l's.wn P
ort far Perwd Eadtng Harch 10, 19519 Al 60 P 257 9_: 1951

. TUPPER RECIRCULATION Im“

LOWER RECIRCULATIGN m

"-mcmow e
.. UPPER STATOR 'CAN'
-_ Lowsa STATOR *CAN'

. HPPER STATOR COOLANT INLET

- LOWER STATOR COOLANT INLET
. UPPER STATOR COOLANT OUTIET ~ = .
mwafl STATOR COOLANT OUTLET

Ehas eccarred up to 6 ft from the sedxum bath an electrflstatxc   ,,,

uSfida Operatlon of the prec1p1tator was quzte success___:ffiffg

”falnless steel base plate and a rotab1ng 
"he:graphite rxng belng between the twa-fl~”"

. pr _ eld- the __" 1n placeea When the seal was rotated [;fifi:
. fat apPraxzmateIY 1909 rpm i._ as found that a hlgh pressure cn the rotatxng{{ij* '*””

-4fbell canse& “chatterlngm of the ”(”; _f_;: f i":when the pressure was adgustedjf'

the sotating §

made to correct these

annulus between the two fluids. A tes

mzm coflfiumvm_;_;_ S
u/hr.ftz QF; 1

e

L L b
e 8
e
”ffjeglfg,i*“

"resarvol_

?1_£1ssxon5gasa, f 

henomena._j

.  ¥regard1ng bubhle formatlon szphanzng actzon rates of fllil““*"etc whlch:f;'*fir”i

~? are ungredictable en the haszs of theory alonee; To 1avest1gate thase and

ch&r prohlams conneted -e-_ g - : S ._ three mock h v,ve been pz‘gp@sed .

;nd the brazed spacer at thfzmldupoxnt, and pressnre inf

t;before@ The results;’not yet fully analyzed 1nd1':w_,w e
rs. in | .-the tube bund1 j §;”“**

'”fiapproxlmately 5% Pei  

- spacers for each tube

.sziasodxum fxre,.che AnsflI 15G~1b ext1n8ulsherij;flJfi

k.h quum flre. 'The Pyrene CO e:
T fdfof CO,) ext1nguxshed 1ta s°;_,_;,?

\f?fsxmxiar 1nte :i,?; Met L X aPPGared to be saperzor to other extanulshzng¥§' 

" n,ag¢nts testad but zt has the dxstlnct dlsadvanCage of corrodlng equlpment=' j;j ';:ff §
' j  rzth whxch 1t comes 1n contact-z. e o e g SRR BT e

R

_ i_§g the holes in a perforated or - mechanlcally deformed matal
p ate thh UO2 and claddxng by solxd phase hondxng |

fi Pes 1ng a powdel_ ompact and claddzng 1t thh a hot rolllng
technxque slmxlar to. that used in. producxng MTR fuel plates.

Cof surfaaefprfiparat1on af the base sheet has been shown to be not so. erltlcal_T

'21jas expected _150p the substltutlsn of 1ron or nzckel pawder for the stalnless

": mechan1ca1 punchl_gfand embassxng  .

Fmatrzcesf

*7j:fi33meter pu1ghed hole deszgn of the Hendrlck Manuf

_gdfmples, runnlng about ?00 per

5 :1éges 1s also beifig_con81dered 51nce thls desxgn can readlly be produced on?_ct 

" t10ng'
*;fvarlous stazaless steelsg molybdenum, electroformed nzckel screenlngQ stalna"
V_less steel ware screenlng, and sheets flash electroplated with' coats ofnlckel

S 12?011

Iaddxng by hop

s as reported 1n the last quarterly repo

'proved tc he a partlcle 31ze‘ enomenon‘ ' g:-fl .

uechanieally'Form

:;hods for fabrlcatlon of fuel supportlng;;gfi

'furzng Company was f:rstf;';'

thls purposea

- An 1mprovement 1n__

émployed aif '

n of c1rcular;,

A rolled d1am0nd patterr‘nfsharpfl _fa

Solld phase weldlng tests were canducted at the chro Metallxc Corpora

Twelve 1%-*by 2-in, packets com rlsxng sandw1ched sheet spec1mens o£_ :
P

and chramlum were trled A éea& welght pressure of approxzmately lA psx

(1) Adamsan, “m

e Fuei Pla&;e o Alrg:mft Nuclear Prapuls ion Pro}ect Quarter{y Progf"ess Repom
ffls Pemod Endmg .

a;‘ch 19 1951. _ANP"-GG p 2?8, esp. P 282 (June 19, 1951)

aenseR

......"... T G

_eVelapment cont1nued durlng th1s quarter onfi¥¢jf¢:,~ i

o The perforatlons or deformatlons in the punched and embossed platesf } 5;5:'” 
Qfiare then fllled w1th UG powder and clad by solld«phase bond1ng{' 0

'“ r9m1s1ng, evea wzth pesszhlef zf”us1on Ia; rss, Further« j;}7“'

_fthe Ml“rfi M¢ al11C COP" _t1flfi ié pr1m3r1ly afl f-'

 ;the tlme, temperature, andf;fgzg'

size G 316 stainless

carbonyl iron -

L
e ¢'®
e @
seeace
sesvve
: Lt
°
sceser
L

s . e
* {3

£3va0e
®

anee

s UNETCHED MAG7SX k'tm‘g‘mnsfi
 TOPPRILATE ' ' _ FOURTH PLATE

UNETCHED MAGITSX  ETCH AGUAREGA  vieus

SEVENTH PLATE ‘ BOTTOM PLATE

FIGURE 13.2. DIFFERENCE IN SINTERING IN STACK OF ELEVEN 316
, ~ STAINLESS STEEL PLATES WITH BONDED POWDER.
: mpat1b1l1ty af ?arlous sslxd materlw ‘ 5

. 1581 h1gh temperature reactar systems are rePOrted 1nf{* “
& ~,313 2& The test p ocedure and objectzves are. the Same as those outlzne&fff-
f{ j1n tha Iast ANP quarterly report (23 Appropr1ate comblnatxans of materzals__

_-jfal shapes were selected to glve the contact surfaces. One material, Cob

, 0¥ CYllnd ‘

‘;al fcrm - was. placed in a capsnle of the secondfiV-fl””

__: capsnle was evacnate& and the cuts were sealed by Weldxng,_ The;f3f°'

{ (2} G Adamson, op. cit., esp.p. 288.

o - 3 .
& el e

ee e

‘eeseme. T

Ceweeeei I
EERSEEE BRI BNl

Ceeeeee;

Ceeanes’
e e

 'égtzibi;; ¥;;t¥?;f; ;ii;;;;f;i;;ii    ;;Lf  ?  5 ;-;  

L e G

Caeeese
iesosee

_;mIQ(NEss ()F BMCTIm LAYER o

it

, 'i' Be*M§¥ i:'*7:*-"7'1': Lo
.:,fi; ;eBe_BfiQ__
o CreMo
b  'Cr*N1
. -Cr_lncanel ST e
— _Cr-Uaz-.  : P
” ='Fh—~316 ataxniaasiateel 3; j;:_a:'
| FeSlfacainlessateel
| Fo—316 stainleas steel
:-5  '*Fc-43G stnlnieszfa;eel;j77 fé~*~
R UO ST
_ ZTjIFb-UOQ :__
_ ' M0»1ncone1
7 Mo-incenel . e P
“Mo—316 staxnless_steel;f{f:;;fiffm ey
o Mo=-316 stalnlnas gtcelfli:
- Ni- BeO - | ST
: Inconelw-304 staxnless steel
. ?f ;Inconel*—316 staxnleaa ateel
fa-g'nlncenel -Be C '
,,?;_jinconel BeO _
wfif,Ih-316 stalnlesa steel ; i S
i fi i302 staxnless steel-wslé atalnlg,, Bteei,g  
 ,"f _302 St&ln]ess steglmwuo e S
_  [*:302 staxnless steel-UO piin o
304 staxnlesa steelv~316 sta;nleas atggl;; 

0 011

[VD 022

.f N° reactxon e -.;=~.-~ 2

J* _Neg11g1ble, 1f at allf“]_j;{_* f'

b o0.001 . :

M%
”9'066' *

‘;10 003

"'ffNo react:on

| No reaction g

fijl1ght d;ffusxon sone?f_ff

0. 001 et b

- 0.011

- 0.009

- 0.002 :*]f S

1 No reactxon fo& '“

;f~No reactlon E

- No. reactxon

-~ 0.003 |

_;fNo reactxon

 Trace

'g“No reactlon

0. 004=z . ,;q-fl‘ ey

eoos S e

:ffO 006*{QH'[L311;Q_:~fl 5" ]

}5'0 014 L

A Very slxght raacti':":'

-~ Neo reactaon
~'No reaction ==
-?eNq;rgaecica,;fi]xf'

.fi'f'(a) 195 hr at temperature ” e
..__(fi)__Examlngd_gftgr swaging; 0,

:000'1
.::::. fis&fii?fix .
g 1 ~100 MESH
ssee

' ~325 MESH

'una;r§x

MAG UIAX

Yigoo
iOMICRONS

FIGURE 134 EFFECT OF | RGN PARTICLE SIZE ON UQ, DISTRIBU-
. TION AFTER CLADDING BY HOT ROLLING.

e

results are |

tion layer, the presence of a-gag

3 l:hl_h_témgerature fabrlc__ ,!  

 be attalne'

t efflczencles can be ohtaxned hy manuai 1nertv°'
-ens showed some ductzlltyg af the order af)

rxallwas wéided.‘ It maY be noted thah tefis1le strengths based on t“hefj;;fi
fg;ons gf 0. 133 in. 0. B and 0 030 in. wall were ofthfi order of 90 090 psi ;ji

K L Wilson, Jr. “‘Nmkel Parumn of A W S 1950 Educ: txonal Lecture Semes, . H’,, Mw;g J &Rfia
P 247 fiarch 1951'v L B

(4} E 8 Mann, H&ans fa,

_ ously. ANP 63 (Apr_.Q, 195}. e an. n u- :

1 _11'1_'.3' with modi f;_éd_ -...iijic::mi:e_l: L

L
. \

‘osesee

@ e
vosn

" avevse

- ..

e = .

weesen
e ese
Cee

.

.

e

.4 fiif the fuel Ghemlcal anal'i_pi L... -

"s1on samples from the c?_ 

_.emlstry Dlv:szon and the Isotcpe{ ;3,_

cal methods for hot samples fromfg?t 

” the Analytlcal Chemxstry D1vxsxcn at:  T %'f: 

!&Ngfi Z&HEA m@tamwsu TREATVENT A5 ep?gfi ZoNE BT

ma,fi X

OUTER ZONE - AFTER TREATMENT, ORIGINAL HARDNE S5 aem‘ : INNER 2‘9‘?&{ : s;s“ra:é méif#tni am&m;ffigzfifi,‘m ercn

‘ HOETCH - . . L ;

o. BEFORE magméflos,‘ b BEFORE IRRADIATION,
UNIRRADIATED ZONE = 20 E 10 BE 183; QiATEfi

AFTER IRRADIATION, 4 AFTER IRRADIATION,
UNIRRADIATED ZONE'  IRRADIATED ZONE

Fts_ws‘ 14.5. UNIRRA IATED AND mmmmsfi
. GLOBEIRON SAMPLES

Py esean .
T
0
e
-
oA
O
.
el
-
b

ef 3 ftfaéc thtough zhz extern
sixteenth maximum pamg“;awe:,“

_&aterzais caa be piaasé ffif wsaaareaeats af raézaz;eni

of iiawzng hefi Izquzéfi,

0
33
e
o
&
W,

The development of chemxcal methods for the determ1nat1on of oxygen 1n 

I_aodxum is. essentlail'-com lete, and thls meth“drhas been placed in routine .

i cparatzon.'”

Develoywent oi chem:cal methods for the determxnatlon of corros1cn

fchromzum, and molybdenum)“lnf Qactor fuels of the low?

'fiéffidds,;n°€hé separatxon cf l1th1um, potassxum, and 0381um from solutxons of{ i'”“”

_ gb&iumimgtél,,xc gppears thgtgac;xvae;on_methcds of.analysxa may ba more
- applieable. o el o

_ . L . tThe'feactxonwof metallic sodium
xlth dectapztatedfl}arhx'at ?45°C results'in'the format;on of elemental boron
&nd sed1um ox;de._ The reactlon is nat v1clent at th1s temperature '

The suhstxtut1on of vanadxum for platinum as the 1nternal standard in the-

paruu&~cup technzque for the spectrographxc analy31s of sodzum resulted31n_§H 

T signxfxcant imp. vemefit 1n precxsxan.;,_]_f_‘~

”f;tina ehemzaal adiapectrngraphxc anelyses Were.Pe_a”.nfd*on_u
"'“5.f¢rNEpA) of the 373 samples on hand. (95 held over from the
: : "flthe pash quartfir)

usano, “""”’*‘“‘ Chenistry—ANP Progran Quar "_ftjf*-Prégz}-e-fs:s
m-¥~12 sm, Y-le-zén_(uay 31, 1951) O

_rference by uran‘um"ls proportional to the amount7""'

Er the determinatlon of each cf the trace metals

tYpe 316 Stalnless steel tubey DR M .

The results of two determznatlons shewe ¢ 7~

flETER!INATIGN OF 8XYGEN IN SGDIUM

J C Whlte and W J Bass§ AnalytxcaI Chem:.stry D1v1s1on

The recove

fiouse, J. W Rehlnsen, and R. Row : onthly Péggress ‘Beport

'-Dwzswn, Y-12, far Penod Harch 1 31 19513 CBNL X

'fid W. J Ross, « Determxnat.:.on af 0xygen in Scd}m ~-.-~A;"~’-craf: Nuv-lea?

: '--'.-_Pmpal:wu-'?ra t-,;?sz-terly Progre s'_R t f '::Perwd Ending Harck 10, 1951; ANP:
i _"'_(June 19,_1951 ;

ein; “Preblem in

i CE e F. Ep ss of Mo :
o '.;-.-J' Kctallurgy and Ccramcs}.. Issue No. 3,(TID-»67), p; 103 '-(-1949)

1246 (Apr. 12, 1951) e
e Q;alkalx metals wxll be present to the ext.wt; :,__,
Lo ’”'etalllc sodafim.; Analysxs bY the flame Photometer offers?; T"”'
 es, but because of ‘the marked 1nterférence of sodxum in th1s schemef'
1 ,f:he sod:um must be removed before analysxs._ A,modzfzci%lan of the_;,.,,
S  nre of Beukenkamp and Rleman(’? has proved satxsfactory for separacxon[[};;;fi
'.T? {¢f so&zum.from potasS1um, and appl;catxen of thxs proeedure to the separac1on'f-f zj

'[flfrom lxthlum and ces1um 18 under study

: 2‘51 ' {':*.;9;‘. ”Pésikéwit a:i&:; .w. c.f'_- Ja-da;-:«%ne:émimica_ of Sbfiixm 'ssoaoxizée "i'nlsiédiuxa;é”atiéi. :@"é-i;' 22 1233 i

| (5) J". Beukenk Fi Rzeman III ‘fietemznatxon of Sodmm and Potassma, Employxng Ionwsxchange : 5_.Z:
Septratmn,_ Anal Chea. 22 582 (1950) iR = TR e

OXYGEN {ppm)_
| STANDARD DEVIATION

_i&;xmre entxrely.bl
- o_f_h:tron and N&zfl- i

ce. 1eve1

t&at more pr

(10) R L. &c(‘ntehen; _-
. T ANP- 60, ops c;tH p. 34

samples received

May 25, 1951

h: Ab orbmg Int&rface II
_:a ANP Reactor | |

; 1 ProPert:les of Metals

E:E'tfi':il_a'gsified. Effecl: of Hydrogen on Steels at. H:.gh Temperatures

5 Bfiéla&_sifié& Blatxnum_ge;als and .'I_he_u- Alloys - ‘

L Emmcm. mmsmc -_

' 'fi!aml Convectmn Ipop Corrosxon Tests w:.th '

. .{3 Z

: _,'[;-mi 245 e : Analytxcal Chemstry mflsmn (Y~12 S;.t.e) Quarterly

Progress Report

*.

Y'ml'i’&& :,Anal}'hcal’:{:hemlstry B’ v'émn Menthly Progress

- Report

Y‘EI'ZSI Sl The n;&;tyi Bromule ;&ethod for the Det:ermmat on
ol e n Sc«imm nomde m Sod o

2; Beactor.s g

C. D. S_us_ano

oD s

Emv

e

5-16-51
S18s1

AT THE OAK RIDG NATIDNAL. LAaoéATom

S v _ L . SO e e 0 el 870841
&flmN!STRATWE AiDE: S : . : : e o B VR R e L B T e g  CARDIELL
A e e et . . pe—— T S e el ] . CARTER

) i. M. DOGK
I -_g._-aA:nuon' sec. N

R i :
CPROJECTEDITOR
" W. B COTTRELL: .

S WARMONS L SECL

T CSTARFASSISTANT | o . STAFF ASSISTANT
U R.Cosiat | o FQRMETALLURGY A | . FORCHEMISTRY -
PR R SERP : - CECC Miller oo ol WoR Grimes

SR B R e "kREPRoJECTcmE
CUCUBuEMEs o fo R W.M.Bumc

- _..._RsAcmR vscs ]| [ reoamovomess ] '.GENERAL o e
e SO ;;_'. © D.S.Billington® | C.B.Ellis |
3 ‘._BLDG. 9704_‘ :.:_ 1 B : . |

3 w w'bsfor

[EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING| HEATTRANSFERRESEARCH i METALLURGY STRE R © 0 CHEMISTRY - fe CHEM!CAL ANALYSES
Sy ; Sav 5 ; DRSO SR H, F, Po”‘md!.k PO ECRREY SN E‘C- Ml“fll’ R B CHE LW, R. G"mgs RO BH C. Susmo:
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g P COUGH R b R B AL AKELY
gL ow.a. mcxnso'u. R. S0 -_“"“5@‘ DRRTEE Y RREEN - v
Wi 5. FARMER . _ ._-asomss 9 R S - PO
| ADIRG FRITHSEN, USAF - L BRASUNAS ] B B R GUNED T
[ DCL HAMILTON, B CSIREEST T E pl gliHILL,  CONS
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: DOBA - B R MOORE e T
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BROSTEN. P e EeroHeLsoN s o
elowmeer e b P G OVERHBLSER o L of e o (CONSULTAN SRR |
CoworRMAN o ECT0L PRICE, RLP EE L f R L WILLARD, UNTV. MIGH.

smewmc; RES__EARCH

CEGP thcd '
: :'a@. aozz
4 L Heon_
LU LID TANK .
o CGEClifferd

swc. sna 2

LOG. 3025

; -J.--_BRAD.’Y RS

CEL S BETTISE:

Fi MG LSAR
SR P FRARS®
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