diff --git a/vrp-core/src/algorithms/structures/bitvec.rs b/vrp-core/src/algorithms/structures/bitvec.rs
index d8b345974..85c3d6380 100644
--- a/vrp-core/src/algorithms/structures/bitvec.rs
+++ b/vrp-core/src/algorithms/structures/bitvec.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 //! A tweaked version of `BitVec` from `probabilistic-collections` crate.
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[path = "../../../tests/unit/algorithms/structures/bitvec_test.rs"]
+mod bitvec_test;
+
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::ops::Index;
 
diff --git a/vrp-core/src/models/common/footprint.rs b/vrp-core/src/models/common/footprint.rs
index ec606fa93..142c13359 100644
--- a/vrp-core/src/models/common/footprint.rs
+++ b/vrp-core/src/models/common/footprint.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 //! This module contains a logic to maintain a low-dimensional representation of the VRP Solution.
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[path = "../../../tests/unit/models/common/footprint_test.rs"]
+mod footprint_test;
+
 use crate::algorithms::structures::BitVec;
 use crate::models::common::Location;
 use crate::prelude::*;
diff --git a/vrp-core/tests/unit/algorithms/structures/bitvec_test.rs b/vrp-core/tests/unit/algorithms/structures/bitvec_test.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cd417ce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vrp-core/tests/unit/algorithms/structures/bitvec_test.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+use super::BitVec;
+
+#[test]
+fn can_create_new() {
+    let bitvec = BitVec::new(10);
+    assert_eq!(bitvec.len(), 10);
+    assert!(bitvec.blocks.iter().all(|&block| block == 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_set_and_get() {
+    let mut bitvec = BitVec::new(10);
+    bitvec.set(3, true);
+    assert_eq!(bitvec.get(3), Some(true));
+    bitvec.set(3, false);
+    assert_eq!(bitvec.get(3), Some(false));
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[should_panic]
+fn can_panic_when_set_out_of_bounds() {
+    let mut bitvec = BitVec::new(10);
+    bitvec.set(10, true);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_union() {
+    let mut bitvec1 = BitVec::new(10);
+    let mut bitvec2 = BitVec::new(10);
+    bitvec1.set(3, true);
+    bitvec2.set(4, true);
+    bitvec1.union(&bitvec2);
+    assert_eq!(bitvec1.get(3), Some(true));
+    assert_eq!(bitvec1.get(4), Some(true));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_len_and_is_empty() {
+    let bitvec = BitVec::new(0);
+    assert_eq!(bitvec.len(), 0);
+    assert!(bitvec.is_empty());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_index() {
+    let mut bitvec = BitVec::new(10);
+    bitvec.set(3, true);
+    assert_eq!(bitvec[3], true);
+    assert_eq!(bitvec[4], false);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_display() {
+    let mut bitvec = BitVec::new(5);
+    bitvec.set(0, true);
+    bitvec.set(2, true);
+    assert_eq!(format!("{}", bitvec), "[10100]");
+}
diff --git a/vrp-core/tests/unit/models/common/footprint_test.rs b/vrp-core/tests/unit/models/common/footprint_test.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..755055ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vrp-core/tests/unit/models/common/footprint_test.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+use super::*;
+use crate::algorithms::structures::BitVec;
+use crate::helpers::construction::heuristics::TestInsertionContextBuilder;
+use crate::helpers::models::domain::TestGoalContextBuilder;
+use crate::helpers::models::problem::{TestSingleBuilder, TestVehicleBuilder};
+use crate::helpers::models::solution::{ActivityBuilder, RouteBuilder, RouteContextBuilder};
+use crate::models::problem::{create_matrix_transport_cost, MatrixData};
+use crate::prelude::*;
+
+fn create_test_problem() -> Problem {
+    ProblemBuilder::default()
+        .add_vehicle(TestVehicleBuilder::default().build())
+        .add_jobs(
+            vec![
+                TestSingleBuilder::default().id("job1").build_as_job_ref(),
+                TestSingleBuilder::default().id("job2").build_as_job_ref(),
+            ]
+            .into_iter(),
+        )
+        .with_transport_cost(
+            create_matrix_transport_cost(vec![MatrixData::new(0, None, vec![0.; 9], vec![0.; 9])]).unwrap(),
+        )
+        .with_goal(TestGoalContextBuilder::default().build())
+        .build()
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_footprint_new() {
+    let problem = create_test_problem();
+    let footprint = Footprint::new(&problem);
+    assert_eq!(footprint.dimension(), get_dimension(&problem));
+    assert!(footprint.repr.iter().all(|&value| value == 0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_footprint_add() {
+    let problem = create_test_problem();
+    let mut footprint = Footprint::new(&problem);
+    let mut shadow = Shadow { repr: BitVec::new(footprint.dimension() * footprint.dimension()) };
+    shadow.repr.set(0, true);
+    shadow.repr.set(4, true);
+
+    footprint.add(&shadow);
+
+    assert_eq!(footprint.get(0, 0), 1);
+    assert_eq!(footprint.get(1, 1), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_footprint_union() {
+    let problem = create_test_problem();
+    let mut footprint1 = Footprint::new(&problem);
+    let mut footprint2 = Footprint::new(&problem);
+    footprint1.repr[0] = 1;
+    footprint2.repr[1] = 1;
+
+    footprint1.union(&footprint2);
+
+    assert_eq!(footprint1.get(0, 0), 1);
+    assert_eq!(footprint1.get(0, 1), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_footprint_get() {
+    let problem = create_test_problem();
+    let mut footprint = Footprint::new(&problem);
+    footprint.repr[0] = 2;
+
+    assert_eq!(footprint.get(0, 0), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn tcan_use_footprint_iter() {
+    let problem = create_test_problem();
+    let mut footprint = Footprint::new(&problem);
+    footprint.repr[0] = 1;
+    footprint.repr[1] = 2;
+
+    #[rustfmt::skip]
+    let expected = vec![
+        ((0, 0), 1), ((0, 1), 2), ((0, 2), 0),
+        ((1, 0), 0), ((1, 1), 0), ((1, 2), 0),
+        ((2, 0), 0), ((2, 1), 0), ((2, 2), 0)
+    ];
+
+    let result: Vec<_> = footprint.iter().collect();
+    assert_eq!(result, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_footprint_forget() {
+    let problem = create_test_problem();
+    let mut footprint = Footprint::new(&problem);
+    footprint.repr[0] = 16;
+    footprint.repr[1] = 4;
+    footprint.repr[2] = 0;
+
+    footprint.forget();
+
+    assert_eq!(footprint.get(0, 0), 16_f64.log2() as u8);
+    assert_eq!(footprint.get(0, 1), 4_f64.log2() as u8);
+    assert_eq!(footprint.get(0, 2), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_footprint_estimate_solution() {
+    let problem = create_test_problem();
+    let mut footprint = Footprint::new(&problem);
+    footprint.repr[1] = 1; // 0 -> 1
+    footprint.repr[5] = 2; // 1 -> 2
+    footprint.repr[6] = 3; // 2 -> 0
+    let solution_ctx = TestInsertionContextBuilder::default()
+        .with_problem(problem)
+        .with_routes(vec![RouteContextBuilder::default()
+            .with_route(
+                RouteBuilder::default()
+                    .add_activity(ActivityBuilder::with_location(1).build())
+                    .add_activity(ActivityBuilder::with_location(2).build())
+                    .build(),
+            )
+            .build()])
+        .build()
+        .solution;
+
+    let cost = footprint.estimate_solution(&solution_ctx);
+
+    assert_eq!(cost, 6);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_footprint_estimate_edge() {
+    let problem = create_test_problem();
+    let mut footprint = Footprint::new(&problem);
+    footprint.repr[0] = 3;
+
+    let cost = footprint.estimate_edge(0, 0);
+
+    assert_eq!(cost, 3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_create_shadow_new() {
+    let dim = 5;
+    let shadow = Shadow { repr: BitVec::new(dim * dim) };
+    assert_eq!(shadow.dimension(), dim);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_use_shadow_iter() {
+    let dim = 3;
+    let mut shadow = Shadow { repr: BitVec::new(dim * dim) };
+    shadow.repr.set(0, true);
+    shadow.repr.set(4, true);
+    shadow.repr.set(8, true);
+
+    #[rustfmt::skip]
+    let expected = vec![
+        ((0, 0), true),  ((0, 1), false), ((0, 2), false),
+        ((1, 0), false), ((1, 1), true),  ((1, 2), false),
+        ((2, 0), false), ((2, 1), false), ((2, 2), true),
+    ];
+
+    let result: Vec<_> = shadow.iter().collect();
+    assert_eq!(result, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn can_create_shadow_from_insertion_context() {
+    let problem = create_test_problem();
+    let insertion_ctx = TestInsertionContextBuilder::default().with_problem(problem).build();
+
+    let shadow = Shadow::from(&insertion_ctx);
+    assert_eq!(shadow.dimension(), 3);
+}