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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>CAC2 - Background to the field</title>
<meta name="description" content="A framework for easily creating beautiful presentations using HTML">
<meta name="author" content="Hakim El Hattab">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<section><div style="text-align:left;">
<h1>CAC 2</h1>
<h3>Intercultural Communications</h3>
<h4>Introduction to the field</h4>
</br>
<p>
<small>Scott Koga-Browes, Ritsumeikan University</small>
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>OBJECTIVES</h2>
<ul>
<li class='fragment'>Historical background of classical paradigm</li>
<li class='fragment'>Influence on 'content' of XCC</li>
<li class='fragment'>Provide a context for later 'reactions' and 're-thinking'</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
## OUTLINE
* E.T.Hall and the Foreign Service Institute
* Hall and Trager's program and 'paradigm'
* *The Silent Language*
* Intercultural Communications and US-Japan relations
</section>
<section>
<h2>Is ‘culture’ useful to us?</h2>
<ul>
<li>Culture as a ‘special domain of reality’?</li>
<li>“It turns out you cannot find the unifying causal principles (because there aren’t any). So you marvel at the many-splendored variety and diversity of culture.” <span style="color:#ccc;">(Boyer in Brockman 2015)</span></li>
<li>Reproduction of ‘mental states’?!?</li>
</ul>
<footer> Brockman, M. J. (2015) <em>This idea must die: scientific theories that are blocking progress</em>. Harper Collins </footer>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Evolutionary tool?</h2>
<p><img src="images/wired.png" style="height:400px;float:right;margin-left:100px;transform:rotate(6deg);">
</p>
<ul>
<li>Mark Pagel</li>
<li>‘Cultural Survival Vehicle’</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- <section data-background-video="images/wired.mp4">
</section> -->
<section>
<h2>Questions</h2>
<ul>
<li>Is the idea of ‘culture’ useful to us in daily life?</li>
<li>Does it make sense (for us, as serious students) to study ‘culture’ in an academic context?</li>
<li>Should we let the idea of studying ‘culture’ die?</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Why study XCC/CAC?</h2>
<p><img src="images/world.png" style="height:400px;float:right;margin-left:100px;transform:rotate(0deg);">
</p>
<ul>
<li>Technology</li>
<li>Demographics</li>
<li>Peace</li>
<li>Self-awareness</li>
<li>Ethics</li>
</ul></section>
<section>
<h2>Overview</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Classical approach to cross/intercultural communication developed in 1950s USA. </li>
<li class="fragment">Alternative 'cultural studies' approach from 1970s Europe (mainly UK)</li>
<li class="fragment">Recent approaches more sensitive to nuanced understandings of 'culture'. Critical of classical paradigm.</li>
</ul></section>
<section>
<h2>Edward T. Hall and the FSI</h2>
<img src="images/hall.png" class="rimg">
<ul style="width:60%">
<li>Grew up in New Mexico, US</li>
<li>Worked with Navajo, Hopi labourers</li>
<li>Joined Foreign Service Institute as Prof. of Anthropology, 1951</li>
</ul></section>
<section data-background-iframe="https://www.state.gov/about-us-foreign-service-institute/">
<div style="position: absolute; width: 50%; right: 0; top:100;box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.5), 0 5px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); color: #fff; padding: 20px; font-size: 30px; text-align: left;">
<h2 style="color:#fff;">Foreign Service Institute</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Opened in 1947 as a university-like institution</li>
<li class="fragment">Now part of US State Dept.</li>
<li class="fragment">Still offers language training for US diplomats and officials.</li>
</ul></div></section>
<section>
<h2>Why the FSI?</h2>
<ul>
<li>Post WW2, US emerges as a 'world power'</li>
<li>US diplomats are under-prepared for this</li>
<li>Particular responsibilities towards <em>Japan</em>.</li>
</ul>
<img src="./images/fsi-why.png" alt="US soldier survey Japan ruins post WW2" width=50%>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>Hall's FSI Program</h2>
<figure class="rimg container">
<img src="images/boas.png"><div class="bottom-left">Franz Boas</div>
</figure>
<ul style="width:60%">
<li>Cultural anthropology</li>
<li>Linguistics</li>
<li>Ethology</li>
<li>Freudian psychoanalysis</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Linguistics</h3>
<figure class="rimg container">
<img src="images/sapir-whorf.png">
<figcaption>Edmund Sapir and <br>Benjamin Whorf</figcaption>
</figure>
<div class="left">
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that human being perceive the world through their native langauge, ie. people who speak different languages <em>see the world</em> in different ways.
<br>
<b>This is controversial!</b>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Ethology</h3>
<p>The study of human behaviour and social organization from a biological perspective</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Psychoanalysis</h3>
<figure class="rimg container">
<img src="images/freud.png">
<figcaption>Sigmund Freud</figcaption>
</figure>
<div class="left">
Ego - Id - Superego
<br>
<b>This is controversial!</b>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
Hello! Last Slide!
</section>
</div>
</div>
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