BEST SYNTAXES XSLT - Template portability Autohotkey - Desktop automation Awk - text search Scheme - game engine Elisp - IDE customization Excel - Data transformation Logo - Game programming Lua - Macro programming Matlab - Data visualization Powershell - Shell scripting Vim Script - Editor customization

ERROR OBJECTS

Ruby:

RegExpError * SystemStackError SystemCallError (returns POSIX ErrNo constant) SecurityError NoMemoryError NotImplementedError NoMethodError EncodingError Errno

PHP:

UnderflowException * UnexpectedValueException InvalidArgumentException posix-get-last-error() (returns POSIX ErrNo constant)

Python: StopIteration EOFError IOError AttributeError

UnicodeError * AssertionError os.strerror(code)

Perl: Insecure dependency in %s Insecure directory in %s Insecure user-defined property %s Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF Out of memory during %s extend Malformed UTF-8 character (%s) Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported

Range iterator outside integer range * Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator results in undefined behavior Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s delete argument is index/value array slice, use array slice delete argument is key/value hash slice, use hash slice delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine Deep recursion on subroutine "%s" Delimiter for here document is too long Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/ Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8 POSIX::ErrNo

LOGGING APIS ruby Logger.new(STDOUT) python logging.getLogger perl Log::Message::Simple php error_log("Oracle database not available!", 0)

COMMAND LINE APIS python [-bBdEhiOqsSuvVWx?] [-c command | -m module-name | script | - ] [args] assoc .py=Python.File ftype Python.File=C:\Path\to\pythonw.exe "%1" %* https://docs.python.org/2/using/cmdline.html

php [--interactive-aRun PHP interactively. This lets you enter snippets of PHP code that directly get executed. When readline support is enabled you can edit the lines and also have history support.--bindpath address:port|port-b address:port|portBind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode (CGI only).--no-chdir-CDo not chdir to the script's directory (CGI only).--no-header-qQuiet-mode. Suppress HTTP header output (CGI only).--timing count-T countMeasure execution time of script repeated count times (CGI only).--php-ini path|file-c path|fileLook for php.ini file in the directory path or use the specified file--no-php-ini-nNo php.ini file will be used--define foo[=bar]-d foo[=bar]Define INI entry foo with value bar-eGenerate extended information for debugger/profiler--file file-f fileParse and execute file--global name-g nameMake variable name global in script.--help-hThis help--hide-args-HHide script name (file) and parameters (args...) from external tools. For example you may want to use this when a php script is started as a daemon and the command line contains sensitive data such as passwords.--info-iPHP information and configuration--syntax-check-lSyntax check only (lint)--modules-mShow compiled in modules--run code-r codeRun PHP code without using script tags ''--process-begin code-B codeRun PHP code before processing input lines--process-code code-R codeRun PHP code for every input line--process-file file-F fileParse and execute file for every input line--process-end code-E codeRun PHP code after processing all input lines--syntax-highlight-sOutput HTML syntax highlighted source--version-vVersion number--stripped-wOutput source with stripped comments and whitespace--zend-extension file-z fileLoad Zend extension fileargs...Arguments passed to script. Use '--' args when first argument starts with '-' or script is read from stdin--rfunctionname--rfname Shows information about function name--rclassname--rcname Shows information about class name--rextensionname--rename Shows information about extension name--rextinfoname--riname Shows configuration for extension name--ini] assoc .php=phpfile ftype phpfile="C:\PHP5\php.exe" -f "%1" -- %~2

ruby [--copyright] [--version] [-Sacdlnpswvy] [-0[octal]] [-C directory] [-F pattern] [-I directory] [-K c] [-T[level]] [-e command] [-i[extension]] [-r library] [-x[directory]] [--] [program_file] [argument ...] $ ftype RubyScript="c:\ruby\bin\ruby.exe" "%1" %* $ assoc .rb=RubyScript RubyScript="c:\ruby\bin\ruby.exe" "%1" %

perl[ -sTtuUWX ][ -hv ] [ -V[:configvar] ][ -cw ] [ -d[t][:debugger] ] [ -D[number/list] ][ -pna ] [ -Fpattern ] [ -l[octal] ] [ -0[octal/hexadecimal] ][ -Idir ] [ -m[-]module ] [ -M[-]'module...' ] [ -f ][ -C [number/list] ][ -P ][ -S ][ -x[dir] ][ -i[extension] ][ [-e|-E] 'command' ] [ -- ] [ programfile ] [ argument ]... ftype Perl=perl.exe "%1" %* assoc .pl=Perl

BREAKPOINT DEBUGGING python import pdb perl perl -d php phpdbg -e/path/to/my/script.php apd_set_pprof_trace(); ruby require 'debug'

DISABLE OUTPUT ESCAPING php <<<'EOT' My name is "$name". 'EOT' perl DATA ruby END python sys.exit(0)

DEPRECATION WARNING php E_DEPRECATED python FutureWarning perl warnings::warn("deprecated", "open is deprecated, use new instead"); ruby require 'rubygems/deprecate'

TEMPDIR php fopen("php://temp:'hello'", 'r+'); python tempfile.tempdir ruby Tempfile.new('hello', '/home/aisaka') perl $tmpdir = File::Spec->tmpdir(); $tempfile = File::Temp->newdir();

VERSION STRING python sys.version php phpversion() perl PERL_VERSION ruby RUBY_VERSION

BYTECODE COMPILATION perl perlcc myperlprogram.pl ruby RubyVM::InstructionSequence.compile("a = 1 + 2") php bcompiler_write_functions_from_file($fh,'module.php'); python import compileall compileall.compile_file('module.py', force=True)

UNIVERSAL APIS dom sax regex syslog datetime math cgi tk trace posix glob pack(c structs) gdbm MIME csv

UNIT TESTS python: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/origin/master/Lib/test ruby: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/tree/master/test/rubygems perl: https://github.com/metacpan/metacpan-api/tree/master/t php: https://github.com/php/php-src/tree/master/tests

AMBIGUITY

A hash key has the same name as a reserved word
% , & , and * are both infix operators (modulus, bitwise and, and multiplication) and pass by reference/value flags
foo[2] may be an array index, or a hash with the key '2'
[ can delimit an array index, hash reference, or regexp range
{ can delimit a function scope, a conditional scope, or a regexp subset
When switch to DST, the same local time happens twice on the same day
Arbitrary expressions in a list comprehension allows for circular references
Using setters allows for circular references $(foo).html(foo.replace("1","2")
Using mixed tabs and spaces creates ambiguous scope in Python
Using = for assignment and testing creates ambiguous statements in VBScript

OUTPUT BUFFERING

Perl: open my $fh, "<", "foo" or die $!; local $/; # enable localized slurp mode my $content = <$fh>; close $fh;

OUTPUT FLUSHING

Perl: open(LOG,">>$log"); LOG->autoflush(1);

SHORT CIRCUIT EVALUATION

PHP: $realchoice = $userchoice or $realchoice = $systemchoice or $realchoice = $defaultchoice;

TEMPLATE INCLUDE

Perl: require "test.pl";

PARAMETERIZED QUERY /PREPARED STATEMENT

Ruby:

require 'dbi'

dbh = DBI.connect('DBI:Oracle:sid', 'user', 'password')

sth = dbh.prepare('select table_name, tablespace_name from user_tables where table_name like ?')

sth.execute('foo')

require 'dbi' class Quoter ; include DBI::SQL::BasicQuote ; end st = DBI::SQL::PreparedStatement.new(Quoter.new, "Select * from table where x = ?") st.bind(['test'])

STRUCT EXISTENCE Python:

def isstruct(node): return isinstance(node, dict)

JSONify JavaScript: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(foo))

ARRAY CLONE JavaScript: function arrayClone(arr) { return Array.apply(undefined, arr); }

STRING REVERSE JavaScript function reverseString(str) { return String(str).split("").reverse().join(""); }

WORD REVERSE JavaScript function reverseWord(str) { return String(str).split(" ").reverse().join(",") }

STRING REPEAT JavaScript function Repeat(char, times) { return Array(times).join(char); }

ERROR LOGGING JavaScript: window.onerror = function(message, url, lineNumber) { var params = []; params[0] = 'location=' + url || document.location.origin; params[1] = 'data=' + navigator.userAgent + '|' + navigator.vendor + '|' + navigator.platform; params[2] = 'lineNumber=' + lineNumber; params[3] = 'message=' + message; params[4] = 'os=' + Core.Client.OS; params[5] = 'url=' + Core.Client.url; params[6] = 'version=' + Core.Client.version; };

UPPERCASING JavaScript: //Local foo = []; foo.toUpperCase = String(foo).toUpperCase; foo.push("a"); foo.toUpperCase();

//Global foo = []; window.toUpperCase = function (obj) {return String(obj).toUpperCase();} foo.push("a") toUpperCase(foo)

//Constructor var toUpperCase = Function("obj","return String.prototype.toUpperCase.call(obj)")

//Bind var toUpperCase = Function.call.bind(String.prototype.toUpperCase);

HTML HEAD TAG INSERTION Ruby:

saved_stdout = $stdout begin output = File.open("report.lout","w") $stdout = output ERuby::import('report.rl') output.close end $stdout = saved_stdout

ARRAY JOIN Write a function that takes two arrays of integers and returns a list that contains the set intersection of the arrays.n JavaScript: function foo(bar, baz) { foo.boo = new List(); foo.hash = {}; bar.map(function(index, value){ foo.hash[value] = appender;
}

baz.map(function(index, value){ if typeof foo.hash[value] == Function foo.hashvalue }

function appender(value) { List.append(value); }

foo([1,2,3],[2,2,3]) // returns [2,3] foo([1,1,1],[1,1,1]) // returns [1,1,1]

PROBLEMS perl - boolean python - yield ruby - nil php - $this tcl - concat lua - stringify

EXAMPLES http://php.net/manual/en/indexes.examples.php

UNIQUE FEATURES lua - object literal, regexp, OpenGL, queue, method dispatch table, synchronous concurrency, keyword overloading perl - file streams, higher order functions python - tuple, decorator, global functions, sys.exc_info, py_compile, from foo import bar ruby - variable interpolation in heredocs, Fiber(generator), $LOADED_FEATURES, $LOAD_PATH, $PROGRAM_NAME PHP - strings are byte arrays, print_r Node - require.cache, closures have private variables, file scoped variables via let