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Title: Web Services REST-Style: Universal Identifiers, Formats & Protocols


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# Web Services REST-Style<br>Universal Identifiers, Formats & Protocols

Agenda

* What's REST?
* Universal Identifiers, Formats & Protocols 
* The Holy REST Trinity - Noun, Verbs, Types
* REST Design Principles 
* Architecture Astronaut REST Speak


# Part 1 - What's REST?
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# What's REST?

Representational State Transfer (REST) - Meaningless Acronym? Wordplay?

> rest - n. - peace, ease, or refreshment resulting from the insight that the web works

No matter what vendors tell you - no need to "Light Up the Web" - relax - built on
an **open architecture using universal identifiers, formats & protocols and _evolving_ open standards** -
no need to reinvent the wheel and sign-up for single-vendor offerings.



# What's REST? (Cont'd)

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### Narrow Definition

Alternative to BigCo Web Services:

* SOAP
* WS-\*¹ and
* RPC-Style Web Services (XML-RPC)

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### Broad Definition

Best Practices for Designing Web Services for a Unified Human and Programable Web

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¹: WS-\* =  Web Service Specs including WS-Transfer, WS-Addressing, WS-Eventing,
   WS-Security, WS-Federation, WS-Trust, and many more.




# Part 2 - Universal Identifiers, Formats & Protocols
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# Universal Identifiers, Formats & Protocols<br>The Holy Trinity

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### Identifiers

* URLs (Uniform Resource Locator)
* URIs (Uniform Resource Identifier)

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### Formats

* HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
* XML (Extensible Markup Language)

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### Protocols

* HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
* AtomPub (Atom Publishing Protocol)  

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# The Holy REST Trinity - Noun, Verbs, Types


REST-Speak |   | Internet-Speak   |   | Plain Old English 
-----------|---|------------------|---|---------------------
Verbs      | ⇔ | Protocols        | ⇔ | Communication & Data Exchange Rules
Nouns      | ⇔ | Identifiers      | ⇔ | Names, Addresses
Types      | ⇔ | Formats          | ⇔ | Documents, Feeds, Photos, Videos, Music, etc.
{:#restspeak}



REST-Speak |   Examples
-----------|----------------
Verbs      | ⇒ HTTP GET, POST, PUT, DELETE
Nouns      | ⇒ `flickr.com/photos/tag/wien`, `deli.cio.us/tag/wien`, etc.
Types      | ⇒ HTML, RSS, PNG, etcetera
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# Part 3 - Design Principles & Architecture
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# REST Design Principles 

* Idenifiers Matter  ⇒  Choose Great Names
* Open Formats Matter  ⇒  Avoid Vendor Lock-In
* Protocols Matter  ⇒  Learn more about HTTP and Use Best Practices
  * Use HTTP GET for Read-Only/Side-Effect-Free Requests
  * Use HTTP Accept Headers for Format Selection
  * Use Full HTTP Method Vocabulary (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)

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* No Web without Linking and No Linking without Identifiers!
* (Stateless) Resource Representation  ⇒  Open Format + Identifier e.g. HTML + URI


# Architecture Astronaut REST Speak

* REST-y
* REST-ful

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* Resource-Oriented Architecure (ROA)
* Web-Oriented Architecure (WOA)

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* REST-RPC¹-Hybrid - Three Web Service Architectures:
  1. REST
  2. REST-RPC Hybrid
  3. RPC

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¹: RPC = Remote Procedure Call


# The End - Thank You
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<!-- abbreviations -->

*[SOAP]: Simple Object Access Protocol
*[WS-*]: Web Service Specs
*[RPC]:  Remote Procedure Call
*[XML]:  Extensible Markup Language
*[HTTP]: HyperText Transfer Protocol
*[HTML]: HyperText Markup Language
*[RSS]:  Really Simple Syndication
*[PNG]:  Portable Network Graphics
*[URI]:  Uniform Resource Identifier