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Git Notes

Main Commands

Command Description Example
init Initialize a new Git repository git init
clone Clone a remote repository git clone <remote_url>
status Show the status of the repository git status
add Add files to the staging area git add <file>, git add .
reset Unstage changes git reset <file>
diff Show the changes on a file git diff <file1>
diff Show the changes on the staged files git diff --staged
commit Commit changes to the repository git commit -m "<commit_message>"
branch List branches git branch
branch Create a new branch git branch <new_branch_name>
checkout Switch to a branch git checkout <branch_name>
checkout Create a new branch and switch to it git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
merge Merge changes from a branch git merge <branch_name>
log View the commit history git log
log View the commit history with number of ins/del git log --stat
fetch Fetch changes from a remote repository git fetch
pull Pull changes from a remote repository git pull
push Push changes to a remote repository git push

Install Git

You can install Git by clicking on the link below

> git-scm.com <

Setup Git

  • Use git --version to check if Git is installed.

    git --version

  • Use git config --global user.name and git config --global user.email to configure Git.

    git config --global user.name "<first_name> <last_name>"
git config --global user.email "<email>"

    --global is used to configure Git globally. <first_name> <last_name> is the name of the user you want to configure Git for. <email> is the email address of the user you want to configure Git for.

  • Use git config --global color.ui to enable colored output in Git.

    git config --global color.ui auto

    always always color output of capable Git commands. auto enables colored output of capable Git commands (default). false, never, off or no disables colored output of capable Git commands. true, on or yes enables colored output of capable Git commands.

Initialize

Initialize a local repository

Use git init to initialize git in the working repository.

git init

Creating a new local directory and initialize git in it

git init <directory>

<directory> is the name of the directory you want to initialize git in. After initializing git, use cd <directory> to move to the directory.

Cloning a remote repository

Use git clone to clone a repository.

git clone <remote_url>

<remote_url> is the URL of the remote repository you want to clone.

Working with branches

List branches

Use git branch to list branches.

git branch

Create a new branch

Use git branch to create a new branch.

git branch <branch_name>

<branch_name> is the name of the branch you want to create.

Create a new branch and switch to it

Use git checkout -b to create a new branch and switch to it.

git checkout -b <branch_name>

<branch_name> is the name of the branch you want to create.

Switch to a branch

Use git checkout to switch to a branch.

git checkout <branch_name>

<branch_name> is the name of the branch you want to switch to.

Renaming a branch

Use git branch -m to rename a branch.

git branch -m <old_branch_name> <new_branch_name>

<old_branch_name> is the name of the branch you want to rename. <new_branch_name> is the new name of this branch.

Delete a branch

Use git branch -d to delete a branch.

git branch -d <branch_name>

<branch_name> is the name of the branch you want to delete.

Warning

Before deleting a branch, make sure that it is not the current branch.

Managing changes on files

Getting status

Use git status to get status of the working repository.

git status

Stage changes on a file

Use git add to stage changes.

git add <file>

<file> is the name of the file you want to stage.

Stage all changes

Use git add . to stage all changes.

git add .

. means the current directory and its contents.

Unstage changes on a file

Use git reset to unstage changes.

git reset <file>

<file> is the name of the file you want to unstage.

Unstage all changes

Use git reset . to unstage all changes.

git reset .

. means the current directory and its contents.

Show changes on a file

Use git diff to show changes on a file.

git diff <file>

<file> is the name of the file you want to show changes on. If <file> is not specified, it will show changes of all files.

Show changes on staged files

Use git diff --staged to show changes on staged files.

git diff --staged <file>

Commit changes

Use git commit to commit changes.

git commit -m "<commit_message>"

<commit_message> is the message of the commit.

Push changes to a remote repository

Use git push to push changes to a remote repository.

git push <remote_name> <branch_name>

<remote_name> is the name of the remote repository you want to push on. <branch_name> is the name of the local branch you want to push. <remote_name> and <branch_name> are optional.

Pull changes from a remote repository

Use git pull to pull changes from a remote repository.

git pull

Fetching changes from a remote repository

Use git fetch to fetch changes from a remote repository.

git fetch

Merging branches

First, switch to the branch you want to merge into.

git checkout <branch_name>

<branch_name> is the name of the branch you want to merge into.

Use git merge to merge branches.

git merge <branch_name>

<branch_name> is the name of the branch you want to merge.

Inspecting and comparing branches

Show commit history

Use git log to show logs.

git log

Show commit history with stats

Use git log --stat to show logs with numbers of insertions and deletions.

git log --stat

Show the commit differences between branches

Show the commits on branch_name_2 that are not on branch_name_1.

git log <branch_name_1>..<branch_name_2>

<branch_name_1> and <branch_name_2> are the names of the branches you want to compare.

Show commit history of a specific file

git log --follow <file>

<file> is the name of the file you want to show commit history.

Sources