itm.cpp

/*****************************************************************************\
 *                                                                           *
 *  The following code was derived from public domain ITM code available     *
 *  at ftp://flattop.its.bldrdoc.gov/itm/ITMDLL.cpp that was released on     *
 *  June 26, 2007.  It was modified to remove Microsoft Windows "dll-isms",  *
 *  redundant and unnecessary #includes, redundant and unnecessary { }'s,    *
 *  to initialize uninitialized variables, type cast some variables,         *
 *  re-format the code for easier reading, and to replace pow() function     *
 *  calls with explicit multiplications wherever possible to increase        *
 *  execution speed and improve computational accuracy.                      *
 *                                                                           *
\*****************************************************************************/


// *************************************
// C++ routines for this program are taken from
// a translation of the FORTRAN code written by
// U.S. Department of Commerce NTIA/ITS
// Institute for Telecommunication Sciences
// *****************
// Irregular Terrain Model (ITM) (Longley-Rice)
// *************************************

#include <math.h>
#include <complex>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>

#define THIRD  (1.0/3.0)

using namespace std;

struct tcomplex
{
	double tcreal;
	double tcimag;
};

struct prop_type
{
	double aref;
	double dist;
	double hg[2];
	double wn;
	double dh;
	double ens;
	double gme;
	double zgndreal;
	double zgndimag;
	double he[2];
	double dl[2];
	double the[2];
	int kwx;
	int mdp;
};

struct propv_type
{
	double sgc;
	int lvar;
	int mdvar;
	int klim;
};

struct propa_type
{
	double dlsa;
	double dx;
	double ael;
	double ak1;
	double ak2;
	double aed;
	double emd;
	double aes;
	double ems;
	double dls[2];
	double dla;
	double tha;
};

int mymin(const int &i, const int &j)
{
	if (i<j)
		return i;
	else
		return j;
}

int mymax(const int &i, const int &j)
{
	if (i>j)
		return i;
	else
		return j;
}

double mymin(const double &a, const double &b)
{
	if (a<b)
		return a;
	else
		return b;
}

double mymax(const double &a, const double &b)
{
	if (a>b)
		return a;
	else
		return b;
}

double FORTRAN_DIM(const double &x, const double &y)
{
	// This performs the FORTRAN DIM function.
	// result is x-y if x is greater than y; otherwise result is 0.0

	if (x>y)
		return x-y;
	else
		return 0.0;
}

double aknfe(const double &v2)
{
	double a;

	if (v2<5.76)
		a=6.02+9.11*sqrt(v2)-1.27*v2;
	else
		a=12.953+4.343*log(v2);

	return a;
}

double fht(const double& x, const double& pk)
{
	double w, fhtv;
	if (x<200.0)
	{
		w=-log(pk);

		/* if (pk < 1e-5 || x*pow(w,3.0) > 5495.0 ) */

		if (pk < 1e-5 || (x*w*w*w) > 5495.0 )
		{
			fhtv=-117.0;

			if (x>1.0)
				fhtv=17.372*log(x)+fhtv;
		}

		else
			fhtv=2.5e-5*x*x/pk-8.686*w-15.0;
	}

	else
	{
		fhtv=0.05751*x-4.343*log(x);

		if (x<2000.0)
		{
			w=0.0134*x*exp(-0.005*x);
			fhtv=(1.0-w)*fhtv+w*(17.372*log(x)-117.0);
		}
	}

	return fhtv;
}

double h0f(double r, double et)
{
	double a[5]={25.0, 80.0, 177.0, 395.0, 705.0};
	double b[5]={24.0, 45.0,  68.0,  80.0, 105.0};
	double q, x;
	int it;
	double h0fv;

	it=(int)et;

	if (it<=0)
	{
		it=1;
		q=0.0;
	}

	else if (it>=5)
	{
		it=5;
		q=0.0;
	}

	else
		q=et-it;

	/* x=pow(1.0/r,2.0); */
	x=(1.0/r);
	x*=x;
	h0fv=4.343*log((a[it-1]*x+b[it-1])*x+1.0);

	if (q!=0.0)
		h0fv=(1.0-q)*h0fv+q*4.343*log((a[it]*x+b[it])*x+1.0);

	return h0fv;
}

double ahd(double td)
{
	int i;
	double a[3] = {   133.4,    104.6,     71.8};
	double b[3] = {0.332e-3, 0.212e-3, 0.157e-3};
	double c[3] = {  -4.343,   -1.086,    2.171};

	if (td<=10e3)
		i=0;

	else if (td<=70e3)
		i=1;

	else
		i=2;

	return a[i]+b[i]*td+c[i]*log(td);
}

double  adiff( double d, prop_type &prop, propa_type &propa)
{
	complex<double> prop_zgnd(prop.zgndreal,prop.zgndimag);
	static double wd1, xd1, afo, qk, aht, xht;
	double a, q, pk, ds, th, wa, ar, wd, adiffv;

	if (d==0)
	{
		q=prop.hg[0]*prop.hg[1];
		qk=prop.he[0]*prop.he[1]-q;

		if (prop.mdp<0.0)
			q+=10.0;

		wd1=sqrt(1.0+qk/q);
		xd1=propa.dla+propa.tha/prop.gme;
		q=(1.0-0.8*exp(-propa.dlsa/50e3))*prop.dh;
		q*=0.78*exp(-pow(q/16.0,0.25));
		afo=mymin(15.0,2.171*log(1.0+4.77e-4*prop.hg[0]*prop.hg[1]*prop.wn*q));
		qk=1.0/abs(prop_zgnd);
		aht=20.0;
		xht=0.0;

		for (int j=0; j<2; ++j)
		{
			/* a=0.5*pow(prop.dl[j],2.0)/prop.he[j]; */
			a=0.5*(prop.dl[j]*prop.dl[j])/prop.he[j];
			wa=pow(a*prop.wn,THIRD);
			pk=qk/wa;
			q=(1.607-pk)*151.0*wa*prop.dl[j]/a;
			xht+=q;
			aht+=fht(q,pk);
		}

		adiffv=0.0;
	}

	else
	{
		th=propa.tha+d*prop.gme;
		ds=d-propa.dla;
		/* q=0.0795775*prop.wn*ds*pow(th,2.0); */
		q=0.0795775*prop.wn*ds*th*th;
		adiffv=aknfe(q*prop.dl[0]/(ds+prop.dl[0]))+aknfe(q*prop.dl[1]/(ds+prop.dl[1]));
		a=ds/th;
		wa=pow(a*prop.wn,THIRD);
		pk=qk/wa;
		q=(1.607-pk)*151.0*wa*th+xht;
		ar=0.05751*q-4.343*log(q)-aht;
		q=(wd1+xd1/d)*mymin(((1.0-0.8*exp(-d/50e3))*prop.dh*prop.wn),6283.2);
		wd=25.1/(25.1+sqrt(q));
		adiffv=ar*wd+(1.0-wd)*adiffv+afo;
	}

	return adiffv;
}

double  ascat( double d, prop_type &prop, propa_type &propa)
{
	static double ad, rr, etq, h0s;
	double h0, r1, r2, z0, ss, et, ett, th, q;
	double ascatv, temp;

	if (d==0.0)
	{
		ad=prop.dl[0]-prop.dl[1];
		rr=prop.he[1]/prop.he[0];

		if (ad<0.0)
		{
			ad=-ad;
			rr=1.0/rr;
		}

		etq=(5.67e-6*prop.ens-2.32e-3)*prop.ens+0.031;
		h0s=-15.0;
		ascatv=0.0;
	}

	else
	{
		if (h0s>15.0)
			h0=h0s;
		else
		{
			th=prop.the[0]+prop.the[1]+d*prop.gme;
			r2=2.0*prop.wn*th;
			r1=r2*prop.he[0];
			r2*=prop.he[1];

			if (r1<0.2 && r2<0.2)
				return 1001.0;  // <==== early return

			ss=(d-ad)/(d+ad);
			q=rr/ss;
			ss=mymax(0.1,ss);
			q=mymin(mymax(0.1,q),10.0);
			z0=(d-ad)*(d+ad)*th*0.25/d;
			/* et=(etq*exp(-pow(mymin(1.7,z0/8.0e3),6.0))+1.0)*z0/1.7556e3; */
			temp=mymin(1.7,z0/8.0e3);
			temp=temp*temp*temp*temp*temp*temp;
			et=(etq*exp(-temp)+1.0)*z0/1.7556e3;

			ett=mymax(et,1.0);
			h0=(h0f(r1,ett)+h0f(r2,ett))*0.5;
			h0+=mymin(h0,(1.38-log(ett))*log(ss)*log(q)*0.49);
			h0=FORTRAN_DIM(h0,0.0);

			if (et<1.0)
				h0=et*h0+(1.0-et)*4.343*log(pow((1.0+1.4142/r1) *(1.0+1.4142/r2),2.0)*(r1+r2)/(r1+r2+2.8284));

			if (h0>15.0 && h0s>=0.0)
				h0=h0s;
		}

		h0s=h0;
		th=propa.tha+d*prop.gme;
		/* ascatv=ahd(th*d)+4.343*log(47.7*prop.wn*pow(th,4.0))-0.1*(prop.ens-301.0)*exp(-th*d/40e3)+h0; */

		ascatv=ahd(th*d)+4.343*log(47.7*prop.wn*th*th*th*th)-0.1*(prop.ens-301.0)*exp(-th*d/40e3)+h0;

	}

	return ascatv;
}

double qerfi (double q)
{
	double x, t, v;
	double c0=2.515516698;
	double c1=0.802853;
	double c2=0.010328;
	double d1=1.432788;
	double d2=0.189269;
	double d3=0.001308;

	x=0.5-q;
	t=mymax(0.5-fabs(x),0.000001);
	t=sqrt(-2.0*log(t));
	v=t-((c2*t+c1)*t+c0)/(((d3*t+d2)*t+d1)*t+1.0);

	if (x<0.0)
		v=-v;

	return v;
}

void qlrps( double fmhz, double zsys, double en0, int ipol, double eps, double sgm, prop_type &prop)

{
	double gma=157e-9;

	prop.wn=fmhz/47.7;
	prop.ens=en0;

	if (zsys!=0.0)
		prop.ens*=exp(-zsys/9460.0);

	prop.gme=gma*(1.0-0.04665*exp(prop.ens/179.3));
	complex<double> zq, prop_zgnd(prop.zgndreal,prop.zgndimag);
	zq=complex<double> (eps,376.62*sgm/prop.wn);
	prop_zgnd=sqrt(zq-1.0);

	if (ipol!=0.0)
		prop_zgnd=prop_zgnd/zq;

	prop.zgndreal=prop_zgnd.real();
	prop.zgndimag=prop_zgnd.imag();
}

double abq_alos(complex<double> r)
{
	return r.real()*r.real()+r.imag()*r.imag();
}

double alos(double d, prop_type &prop, propa_type &propa)
{
	complex<double> prop_zgnd(prop.zgndreal,prop.zgndimag);
	static double wls;
	complex<double> r;
	double s, sps, q;
	double alosv;

	if (d==0.0)
	{
		wls=0.021/(0.021+prop.wn*prop.dh/mymax(10e3,propa.dlsa));
		alosv=0.0;
	}

	else
	{
		q=(1.0-0.8*exp(-d/50e3))*prop.dh;
		s=0.78*q*exp(-pow(q/16.0,0.25));
		q=prop.he[0]+prop.he[1];
		sps=q/sqrt(d*d+q*q);
		r=(sps-prop_zgnd)/(sps+prop_zgnd)*exp(-mymin(10.0,prop.wn*s*sps));
		q=abq_alos(r);

		if (q<0.25 || q<sps)
			r=r*sqrt(sps/q);

		alosv=propa.emd*d+propa.aed;
		q=prop.wn*prop.he[0]*prop.he[1]*2.0/d;

		if (q>1.57)
			q=3.14-2.4649/q;

		alosv=(-4.343*log(abq_alos(complex<double>(cos(q),-sin(q))+r))-alosv)*wls+alosv;
	 }

	return alosv;
}


void qlra(int kst[], int klimx, int mdvarx, prop_type &prop, propv_type &propv)
{
	double q;

	for (int j=0; j<2; ++j)
	{
		if (kst[j]<=0)
			prop.he[j]=prop.hg[j];
		else
		{
			q=4.0;

			if (kst[j]!=1)
				q=9.0;

			if (prop.hg[j]<5.0)
				q*=sin(0.3141593*prop.hg[j]);

			prop.he[j]=prop.hg[j]+(1.0+q)*exp(-mymin(20.0,2.0*prop.hg[j]/mymax(1e-3,prop.dh)));
		}

		q=sqrt(2.0*prop.he[j]/prop.gme);
		prop.dl[j]=q*exp(-0.07*sqrt(prop.dh/mymax(prop.he[j],5.0)));
		prop.the[j]=(0.65*prop.dh*(q/prop.dl[j]-1.0)-2.0*prop.he[j])/q;
	}

	prop.mdp=1;
	propv.lvar=mymax(propv.lvar,3);

	if (mdvarx>=0)
	{
		propv.mdvar=mdvarx;
		propv.lvar=mymax(propv.lvar,4);
	}

	if (klimx>0)
	{
		propv.klim=klimx;
		propv.lvar=5;
	}
}

void lrprop (double d, prop_type &prop, propa_type &propa)  // PaulM_lrprop
{
	static bool wlos, wscat;
	static double dmin, xae;
	complex<double> prop_zgnd(prop.zgndreal,prop.zgndimag);
	double a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6;
	double d0, d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6;
	bool wq;
	double q;
	int j;

	if (prop.mdp!=0)
	{
		for (j=0; j<2; j++)
			propa.dls[j]=sqrt(2.0*prop.he[j]/prop.gme);

		propa.dlsa=propa.dls[0]+propa.dls[1];
		propa.dla=prop.dl[0]+prop.dl[1];
		propa.tha=mymax(prop.the[0]+prop.the[1],-propa.dla*prop.gme);
		wlos=false;
		wscat=false;

		if (prop.wn<0.838 || prop.wn>210.0)
			prop.kwx=mymax(prop.kwx,1);

		for (j=0; j<2; j++)
			if (prop.hg[j]<1.0 || prop.hg[j]>1000.0)
				prop.kwx=mymax(prop.kwx,1);

		for (j=0; j<2; j++)
			if (abs(prop.the[j]) >200e-3 || prop.dl[j]<0.1*propa.dls[j] || prop.dl[j]>3.0*propa.dls[j])
				prop.kwx=mymax(prop.kwx,3);

		if (prop.ens < 250.0 || prop.ens > 400.0 || prop.gme < 75e-9 || prop.gme > 250e-9 || prop_zgnd.real() <= abs(prop_zgnd.imag()) || prop.wn < 0.419 || prop.wn > 420.0)

			prop.kwx=4;

		for (j=0; j<2; j++)

		if (prop.hg[j]<0.5 || prop.hg[j]>3000.0)
		{
			prop.kwx=4;
		}

		dmin=abs(prop.he[0]-prop.he[1])/200e-3;
		q=adiff(0.0,prop,propa);
		/* xae=pow(prop.wn*pow(prop.gme,2),-THIRD); */
		xae=pow(prop.wn*prop.gme*prop.gme,-THIRD);
		d3=mymax(propa.dlsa,1.3787*xae+propa.dla);
		d4=d3+2.7574*xae;
		a3=adiff(d3,prop,propa);
		a4=adiff(d4,prop,propa);
		propa.emd=(a4-a3)/(d4-d3);
		propa.aed=a3-propa.emd*d3;
	}

	if (prop.mdp>=0)
	{
		prop.mdp=0;
		prop.dist=d;
	}

	if (prop.dist>0.0)
	{
		if (prop.dist>1000e3)
			prop.kwx=mymax(prop.kwx,1);

		if (prop.dist<dmin)
			prop.kwx=mymax(prop.kwx,3);

		if (prop.dist<1e3 || prop.dist>2000e3)
			prop.kwx=4;
	}

	if (prop.dist<propa.dlsa)
	{
		if (!wlos)
		{
			q=alos(0.0,prop,propa);
			d2=propa.dlsa;
			a2=propa.aed+d2*propa.emd;
			d0=1.908*prop.wn*prop.he[0]*prop.he[1];

			if (propa.aed>=0.0)
			{
				d0=mymin(d0,0.5*propa.dla);
				d1=d0+0.25*(propa.dla-d0);
			}

			else
				d1=mymax(-propa.aed/propa.emd,0.25*propa.dla);

			a1=alos(d1,prop,propa);
			wq=false;

			if (d0<d1)
			{
				a0=alos(d0,prop,propa);
				q=log(d2/d0);
				propa.ak2=mymax(0.0,((d2-d0)*(a1-a0)-(d1-d0)*(a2-a0))/((d2-d0)*log(d1/d0)-(d1-d0)*q));
				wq=propa.aed>=0.0 || propa.ak2>0.0;

				if (wq)
				{ 
					propa.ak1=(a2-a0-propa.ak2*q)/(d2-d0);

					if (propa.ak1<0.0)
					{
						propa.ak1=0.0;
                      				propa.ak2=FORTRAN_DIM(a2,a0)/q;

						if (propa.ak2==0.0)
							propa.ak1=propa.emd;
					}
				}
			}

			if (!wq)
			{
				propa.ak1=FORTRAN_DIM(a2,a1)/(d2-d1);
				propa.ak2=0.0;

				if (propa.ak1==0.0)
					propa.ak1=propa.emd;
			}

			propa.ael=a2-propa.ak1*d2-propa.ak2*log(d2);
			wlos=true;
		}

		if (prop.dist>0.0)
			prop.aref=propa.ael+propa.ak1*prop.dist+propa.ak2*log(prop.dist);
	}

	if (prop.dist<=0.0 || prop.dist>=propa.dlsa)
	{
		if (!wscat)
		{ 
			q=ascat(0.0,prop,propa);
			d5=propa.dla+200e3;
			d6=d5+200e3;
			a6=ascat(d6,prop,propa);
			a5=ascat(d5,prop,propa);

			if (a5<1000.0)
			{
				propa.ems=(a6-a5)/200e3;
				propa.dx=mymax(propa.dlsa,mymax(propa.dla+0.3*xae*log(47.7*prop.wn),(a5-propa.aed-propa.ems*d5)/(propa.emd-propa.ems)));

				propa.aes=(propa.emd-propa.ems)*propa.dx+propa.aed;
			}

			else
			{
				propa.ems=propa.emd;
				propa.aes=propa.aed;
				propa.dx=10.e6;
			}

			wscat=true;
		}

		if (prop.dist>propa.dx)
			prop.aref=propa.aes+propa.ems*prop.dist;
		else
			prop.aref=propa.aed+propa.emd*prop.dist;
	}

	prop.aref=mymax(prop.aref,0.0);
}

double curve (double const &c1, double const &c2, double const &x1, double const &x2, double const &x3, double const &de)
{
	/* return (c1+c2/(1.0+pow((de-x2)/x3,2.0)))*pow(de/x1,2.0)/(1.0+pow(de/x1,2.0)); */

	double temp1, temp2;

	temp1=(de-x2)/x3;
	temp2=de/x1;

	temp1*=temp1;
	temp2*=temp2;

	return (c1+c2/(1.0+temp1))*temp2/(1.0+temp2);
}

double avar(double zzt, double zzl, double zzc,prop_type &prop, propv_type &propv)
{
	static int kdv;
	static double dexa, de, vmd, vs0, sgl, sgtm, sgtp, sgtd, tgtd, gm, gp, cv1, cv2, yv1, yv2, yv3, csm1, csm2, ysm1, ysm2, ysm3, csp1, csp2, ysp1, ysp2, ysp3, csd1, zd, cfm1, cfm2, cfm3, cfp1, cfp2, cfp3;

	double bv1[7]={-9.67,-0.62,1.26,-9.21,-0.62,-0.39,3.15};
	double bv2[7]={12.7,9.19,15.5,9.05,9.19,2.86,857.9};
	double xv1[7]={144.9e3,228.9e3,262.6e3,84.1e3,228.9e3,141.7e3,2222.e3};
	double xv2[7]={190.3e3,205.2e3,185.2e3,101.1e3,205.2e3,315.9e3,164.8e3};
	double xv3[7]={133.8e3,143.6e3,99.8e3,98.6e3,143.6e3,167.4e3,116.3e3};
	double bsm1[7]={2.13,2.66,6.11,1.98,2.68,6.86,8.51};
	double bsm2[7]={159.5,7.67,6.65,13.11,7.16,10.38,169.8};
	double xsm1[7]={762.2e3,100.4e3,138.2e3,139.1e3,93.7e3,187.8e3,609.8e3};
	double xsm2[7]={123.6e3,172.5e3,242.2e3,132.7e3,186.8e3,169.6e3,119.9e3};
	double xsm3[7]={94.5e3,136.4e3,178.6e3,193.5e3,133.5e3,108.9e3,106.6e3};
	double bsp1[7]={2.11,6.87,10.08,3.68,4.75,8.58,8.43};
	double bsp2[7]={102.3,15.53,9.60,159.3,8.12,13.97,8.19};
	double xsp1[7]={636.9e3,138.7e3,165.3e3,464.4e3,93.2e3,216.0e3,136.2e3};
	double xsp2[7]={134.8e3,143.7e3,225.7e3,93.1e3,135.9e3,152.0e3,188.5e3};
	double xsp3[7]={95.6e3,98.6e3,129.7e3,94.2e3,113.4e3,122.7e3,122.9e3};
	double bsd1[7]={1.224,0.801,1.380,1.000,1.224,1.518,1.518};
	double bzd1[7]={1.282,2.161,1.282,20.,1.282,1.282,1.282};
	double bfm1[7]={1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,0.92,1.0,1.0};
	double bfm2[7]={0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.25,0.0,0.0};
	double bfm3[7]={0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.77,0.0,0.0};
	double bfp1[7]={1.0,0.93,1.0,0.93,0.93,1.0,1.0};
	double bfp2[7]={0.0,0.31,0.0,0.19,0.31,0.0,0.0};
	double bfp3[7]={0.0,2.00,0.0,1.79,2.00,0.0,0.0};
	static bool ws, w1;
	double rt=7.8, rl=24.0, avarv, q, vs, zt, zl, zc;
	double sgt, yr;
	int temp_klim=propv.klim-1;

	if (propv.lvar>0)
	{
		switch (propv.lvar)
		{
			default:
			if (propv.klim<=0 || propv.klim>7)
			{
				propv.klim = 5;
				temp_klim = 4;
				prop.kwx=mymax(prop.kwx,2);
			}

			cv1 = bv1[temp_klim];
			cv2 = bv2[temp_klim];
			yv1 = xv1[temp_klim];
			yv2 = xv2[temp_klim];
			yv3 = xv3[temp_klim];
			csm1=bsm1[temp_klim];
			csm2=bsm2[temp_klim];
			ysm1=xsm1[temp_klim];
			ysm2=xsm2[temp_klim];
			ysm3=xsm3[temp_klim];
			csp1=bsp1[temp_klim];
			csp2=bsp2[temp_klim];
			ysp1=xsp1[temp_klim];
			ysp2=xsp2[temp_klim];
			ysp3=xsp3[temp_klim];
			csd1=bsd1[temp_klim];
			zd=bzd1[temp_klim];
			cfm1=bfm1[temp_klim];
			cfm2=bfm2[temp_klim];
			cfm3=bfm3[temp_klim];
			cfp1=bfp1[temp_klim];
			cfp2=bfp2[temp_klim];
			cfp3=bfp3[temp_klim];

			case 4:
			kdv=propv.mdvar;
			ws=kdv>=20;

			if (ws)
				kdv-=20;

			w1=kdv>=10;

			if (w1)
				kdv-=10;

			if (kdv<0 || kdv>3)
			{
				kdv=0;
				prop.kwx=mymax(prop.kwx,2);
			}

			case 3:
			q=log(0.133*prop.wn);

			/* gm=cfm1+cfm2/(pow(cfm3*q,2.0)+1.0); */
			/* gp=cfp1+cfp2/(pow(cfp3*q,2.0)+1.0); */

			gm=cfm1+cfm2/((cfm3*q*cfm3*q)+1.0);
			gp=cfp1+cfp2/((cfp3*q*cfp3*q)+1.0);

			case 2:
			dexa=sqrt(18e6*prop.he[0])+sqrt(18e6*prop.he[1])+pow((575.7e12/prop.wn),THIRD);

			case 1:
			if (prop.dist<dexa)
				de=130e3*prop.dist/dexa;
			else
				de=130e3+prop.dist-dexa;
		}

		vmd=curve(cv1,cv2,yv1,yv2,yv3,de);
		sgtm=curve(csm1,csm2,ysm1,ysm2,ysm3,de)*gm;
		sgtp=curve(csp1,csp2,ysp1,ysp2,ysp3,de)*gp;
		sgtd=sgtp*csd1;
		tgtd=(sgtp-sgtd)*zd;

		if (w1)
			sgl=0.0;
		else
		{
			q=(1.0-0.8*exp(-prop.dist/50e3))*prop.dh*prop.wn;
			sgl=10.0*q/(q+13.0);
		}

		if (ws)
			vs0=0.0;
		else
		{
			/* vs0=pow(5.0+3.0*exp(-de/100e3),2.0); */
			vs0=(5.0+3.0*exp(-de/100e3));
			vs0*=vs0;
		}

		propv.lvar=0;
	}

	zt=zzt;
	zl=zzl;
	zc=zzc;

	switch (kdv)
	{
		case 0:
		zt=zc;
		zl=zc;
		break;

		case 1:
		zl=zc;
		break;

		case 2:
		zl=zt;
	}

	if (fabs(zt)>3.1 || fabs(zl)>3.1 || fabs(zc)>3.1)
		prop.kwx=mymax(prop.kwx,1);

	if (zt<0.0)
		sgt=sgtm;

	else if (zt<=zd)
		sgt=sgtp;

	else
		sgt=sgtd+tgtd/zt;

	/* vs=vs0+pow(sgt*zt,2.0)/(rt+zc*zc)+pow(sgl*zl,2.0)/(rl+zc*zc); */
	vs=vs0+(sgt*zt*sgt*zt)/(rt+zc*zc)+(sgl*zl*sgl*zl)/(rl+zc*zc);

	if (kdv==0)
	{
		yr=0.0;
		propv.sgc=sqrt(sgt*sgt+sgl*sgl+vs);
	}

	else if (kdv==1)
	{
		yr=sgt*zt;
		propv.sgc=sqrt(sgl*sgl+vs);
	}

	else if (kdv==2)
	{
		yr=sqrt(sgt*sgt+sgl*sgl)*zt;
		propv.sgc=sqrt(vs);
	}

	else
	{
		yr=sgt*zt+sgl*zl;
		propv.sgc=sqrt(vs);
	}

	avarv=prop.aref-vmd-yr-propv.sgc*zc;

	if (avarv<0.0)
		avarv=avarv*(29.0-avarv)/(29.0-10.0*avarv);

	return avarv;
}

void hzns(double pfl[], prop_type &prop)
{
	bool wq;
	int np;
	double xi, za, zb, qc, q, sb, sa;

	np=(int)pfl[0];
	xi=pfl[1];
	za=pfl[2]+prop.hg[0];
	zb=pfl[np+2]+prop.hg[1];
	qc=0.5*prop.gme;
	q=qc*prop.dist;
	prop.the[1]=(zb-za)/prop.dist;
	prop.the[0]=prop.the[1]-q;
	prop.the[1]=-prop.the[1]-q;
	prop.dl[0]=prop.dist;
	prop.dl[1]=prop.dist;

	if (np>=2)
	{
		sa=0.0;
		sb=prop.dist;
		wq=true;

		for (int i=1; i<np; i++)
		{
			sa+=xi;
			sb-=xi;
			q=pfl[i+2]-(qc*sa+prop.the[0])*sa-za;

			if (q>0.0)
			{
				prop.the[0]+=q/sa;
				prop.dl[0]=sa;
				wq=false;
			}

			if (!wq)
			{
				q=pfl[i+2]-(qc*sb+prop.the[1])*sb-zb;

				if (q>0.0)
				{
					prop.the[1]+=q/sb;
					prop.dl[1]=sb;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
  
void z1sq1 (double z[], const double &x1, const double &x2, double& z0, double& zn)

{
	double xn, xa, xb, x, a, b;
	int n, ja, jb;

	xn=z[0];
	xa=int(FORTRAN_DIM(x1/z[1],0.0));
	xb=xn-int(FORTRAN_DIM(xn,x2/z[1]));

	if (xb<=xa)
	{
		xa=FORTRAN_DIM(xa,1.0);
		xb=xn-FORTRAN_DIM(xn,xb+1.0);
	}

	ja=(int)xa;
	jb=(int)xb;
	n=jb-ja;
	xa=xb-xa;
	x=-0.5*xa;
	xb+=x;
	a=0.5*(z[ja+2]+z[jb+2]);
	b=0.5*(z[ja+2]-z[jb+2])*x;

	for (int i=2; i<=n; ++i)
	{
		++ja;
		x+=1.0;
		a+=z[ja+2];
		b+=z[ja+2]*x;
	}

	a/=xa;
	b=b*12.0/((xa*xa+2.0)*xa);
	z0=a-b*xb;
	zn=a+b*(xn-xb);
}

double qtile (const int &nn, double a[], const int &ir)
{
	double q=0.0, r;		/* Initializations by KD2BD */
	int m, n, i, j, j1=0, i0=0, k;	/* Initializations by KD2BD */
	bool done=false;
	bool goto10=true;

	m=0;
	n=nn;
	k=mymin(mymax(0,ir),n);

	while (!done)
	{
		if (goto10)
		{
			q=a[k];
			i0=m;
			j1=n;
		}

		i=i0;

		while (i<=n && a[i]>=q)
			i++;

		if (i>n)
			i=n;
		j=j1;

		while (j>=m && a[j]<=q)
			j--;

		if (j<m)
			j=m;

		if (i<j)
		{
			r=a[i];
			a[i]=a[j];
			a[j]=r;
			i0=i+1;
			j1=j-1;
			goto10=false;
		}

		else if (i<k)
		{
			a[k]=a[i];
			a[i]=q;
			m=i+1;
			goto10=true;
		}

		else if (j>k)
		{
			a[k]=a[j];
			a[j]=q;
			n=j-1;
			goto10=true;
		}

		else
			done=true;
	}

	return q;
}

double qerf(const double &z)
{
	double b1=0.319381530, b2=-0.356563782, b3=1.781477937;
	double b4=-1.821255987, b5=1.330274429;
	double rp=4.317008, rrt2pi=0.398942280;
	double t, x, qerfv;

	x=z;
	t=fabs(x);

	if (t>=10.0)
		qerfv=0.0;
	else
	{
		t=rp/(t+rp);
		qerfv=exp(-0.5*x*x)*rrt2pi*((((b5*t+b4)*t+b3)*t+b2)*t+b1)*t;
	}

	if (x<0.0)
		qerfv=1.0-qerfv;

	return qerfv;
}

double d1thx(double pfl[], const double &x1, const double &x2)
{
	int np, ka, kb, n, k, j;
	double d1thxv, sn, xa, xb;
	double *s;

	np=(int)pfl[0];
	xa=x1/pfl[1];
	xb=x2/pfl[1];
	d1thxv=0.0;

	if (xb-xa<2.0)  // exit out
		return d1thxv;

	ka=(int)(0.1*(xb-xa+8.0));
	ka=mymin(mymax(4,ka),25);
	n=10*ka-5;
	kb=n-ka+1;
	sn=n-1;
	assert((s=new double[n+2])!=0);
	s[0]=sn;
	s[1]=1.0;
	xb=(xb-xa)/sn;
	k=(int)(xa+1.0);
	xa-=(double)k;

	for (j=0; j<n; j++)
	{
		while (xa>0.0 && k<np)
		{
			xa-=1.0;
			++k;
		}

		s[j+2]=pfl[k+2]+(pfl[k+2]-pfl[k+1])*xa;
		xa=xa+xb;
	}

	z1sq1(s,0.0,sn,xa,xb);
	xb=(xb-xa)/sn;

	for (j=0; j<n; j++)
	{
		s[j+2]-=xa;
		xa=xa+xb;
	}

	d1thxv=qtile(n-1,s+2,ka-1)-qtile(n-1,s+2,kb-1);
	d1thxv/=1.0-0.8*exp(-(x2-x1)/50.0e3);
	delete[] s;

	return d1thxv;
}

void qlrpfl (double pfl[], int klimx, int mdvarx, prop_type &prop, propa_type &propa, propv_type &propv)
{
	int np, j;
	double xl[2], q, za, zb;

	prop.dist=pfl[0]*pfl[1];
	np=(int)pfl[0];
	hzns(pfl,prop);

	for (j=0; j<2; j++)
		xl[j]=mymin(15.0*prop.hg[j],0.1*prop.dl[j]);

	xl[1]=prop.dist-xl[1];
	prop.dh=d1thx(pfl,xl[0],xl[1]);

	if (prop.dl[0]+prop.dl[1]>1.5*prop.dist)
	{
		z1sq1(pfl,xl[0],xl[1],za,zb);
		prop.he[0]=prop.hg[0]+FORTRAN_DIM(pfl[2],za);
		prop.he[1]=prop.hg[1]+FORTRAN_DIM(pfl[np+2],zb);

		for (j=0; j<2; j++)
			prop.dl[j]=sqrt(2.0*prop.he[j]/prop.gme)*exp(-0.07*sqrt(prop.dh/mymax(prop.he[j],5.0)));

		q=prop.dl[0]+prop.dl[1];

		if (q<=prop.dist)
		{
			/* q=pow(prop.dist/q,2.0); */
			q=((prop.dist/q)*(prop.dist/q));

			for (j=0; j<2; j++)
			{
				prop.he[j]*=q;
				prop.dl[j]=sqrt(2.0*prop.he[j]/prop.gme)*exp(-0.07*sqrt(prop.dh/mymax(prop.he[j],5.0)));
			}
		}

		for (j=0; j<2; j++)
		{
			q=sqrt(2.0*prop.he[j]/prop.gme);
			prop.the[j]=(0.65*prop.dh*(q/prop.dl[j]-1.0)-2.0*prop.he[j])/q;
        	}
	}

	else
	{
		z1sq1(pfl,xl[0],0.9*prop.dl[0],za,q);
		z1sq1(pfl,prop.dist-0.9*prop.dl[1],xl[1],q,zb);
		prop.he[0]=prop.hg[0]+FORTRAN_DIM(pfl[2],za);
		prop.he[1]=prop.hg[1]+FORTRAN_DIM(pfl[np+2],zb);
	}

	prop.mdp=-1;
	propv.lvar=mymax(propv.lvar,3);

	if (mdvarx>=0)
	{
		propv.mdvar=mdvarx;
		propv.lvar=mymax(propv.lvar,4);
	}

	if (klimx>0)
	{
		propv.klim=klimx;
		propv.lvar=5;
	}

	lrprop(0.0,prop,propa);
}

double deg2rad(double d)
{
	return d*3.1415926535897/180.0;
}

//********************************************************
//* Point-To-Point Mode Calculations                     *
//********************************************************

void point_to_point(double elev[], double tht_m, double rht_m, double eps_dielect, double sgm_conductivity, double eno_ns_surfref, double frq_mhz, int radio_climate, int pol, double conf, double rel, double &dbloss, char *strmode, int &errnum)
{
	// pol: 0-Horizontal, 1-Vertical
	// radio_climate: 1-Equatorial, 2-Continental Subtropical, 3-Maritime Tropical,
	//                4-Desert, 5-Continental Temperate, 6-Maritime Temperate, Over Land,
	//                7-Maritime Temperate, Over Sea
	// conf, rel: .01 to .99
	// elev[]: [num points - 1], [delta dist(meters)], [height(meters) point 1], ..., [height(meters) point n]
	// errnum: 0- No Error.
	//         1- Warning: Some parameters are nearly out of range.
	//                     Results should be used with caution.
	//         2- Note: Default parameters have been substituted for impossible ones.
	//         3- Warning: A combination of parameters is out of range.
	//                     Results are probably invalid.
	//         Other-  Warning: Some parameters are out of range.
	//                          Results are probably invalid.

	prop_type   prop;
	propv_type  propv;
	propa_type  propa;

	double zsys=0;
	double zc, zr;
	double eno, enso, q;
	long ja, jb, i, np;
	double dkm, xkm;
	double fs;

	prop.hg[0]=tht_m;
	prop.hg[1]=rht_m;
	propv.klim=radio_climate;
	prop.kwx=0;
	propv.lvar=5;
	prop.mdp=-1;
	zc=qerfi(conf);
	zr=qerfi(rel);
	np=(long)elev[0]; //number of points
	dkm=(elev[1]*elev[0])/1000.0; // total distance in km. elev[1]=90(m) (default)
	xkm=elev[1]/1000.0; // distance between points in km
	eno=eno_ns_surfref;
	enso=0.0;
	q=enso;

	if (q<=0.0)
	{
		/* ja = 3.0 + 0.1 * elev[0]; */
		ja=(long)(3.0+0.1* elev[0]);

		jb=np-ja+6;

		for (i=ja-1; i<jb; ++i)
			zsys+=elev[i];

		zsys/=(jb-ja+1);
		q=eno;
	}

	propv.mdvar=12;
	qlrps(frq_mhz,zsys,q,pol,eps_dielect,sgm_conductivity,prop);
	qlrpfl(elev,propv.klim,propv.mdvar,prop,propa,propv);
	fs=32.45+20.0*log10(frq_mhz)+20.0*log10(prop.dist/1000.0);
	q=prop.dist-propa.dla;

	if (int(q)<0.0)
		strcpy(strmode,"Line-Of-Sight Mode");

	else
	{
		if (int(q)==0.0)
			strcpy(strmode,"Single Horizon");

		else if (int(q)>0.0)
			strcpy(strmode,"Double Horizon");

		if (prop.dist<=propa.dlsa || prop.dist <= propa.dx)
			strcat(strmode,", Diffraction Dominant");

		else if (prop.dist>propa.dx)
			strcat(strmode, ", Troposcatter Dominant");
	}

	dbloss=avar(zr,0.0,zc,prop,propv)+fs;
	errnum=prop.kwx;
}

void point_to_pointMDH (double elev[], double tht_m, double rht_m, double eps_dielect, double sgm_conductivity, double eno_ns_surfref, double frq_mhz, int radio_climate, int pol, double timepct, double locpct, double confpct, double &dbloss, int &propmode, double &deltaH, int &errnum)
{
	// pol: 0-Horizontal, 1-Vertical
	// radio_climate: 1-Equatorial, 2-Continental Subtropical, 3-Maritime Tropical,
	//                4-Desert, 5-Continental Temperate, 6-Maritime Temperate, Over Land,
	//                7-Maritime Temperate, Over Sea
	// timepct, locpct, confpct: .01 to .99
	// elev[]: [num points - 1], [delta dist(meters)], [height(meters) point 1], ..., [height(meters) point n]
	// propmode:  Value   Mode
	//             -1     mode is undefined
	//              0     Line of Sight
	//              5     Single Horizon, Diffraction
	//              6     Single Horizon, Troposcatter
	//              9     Double Horizon, Diffraction
	//             10     Double Horizon, Troposcatter
	// errnum: 0- No Error.
	//         1- Warning: Some parameters are nearly out of range.
	//                     Results should be used with caution.
	//         2- Note: Default parameters have been substituted for impossible ones.
	//         3- Warning: A combination of parameters is out of range.
	//                     Results are probably invalid.
	//         Other-  Warning: Some parameters are out of range.
	//                          Results are probably invalid.

	prop_type   prop;
	propv_type  propv;
	propa_type  propa;
	double zsys=0;
	double ztime, zloc, zconf;
	double eno, enso, q;
	long ja, jb, i, np;
	double dkm, xkm;
	double fs;

	propmode=-1;  // mode is undefined
	prop.hg[0]=tht_m;
	prop.hg[1]=rht_m;
	propv.klim=radio_climate;
	prop.kwx=0;
	propv.lvar=5;
	prop.mdp=-1;
	ztime=qerfi(timepct);
	zloc=qerfi(locpct);
	zconf=qerfi(confpct);

	np=(long)elev[0];
	dkm=(elev[1]*elev[0])/1000.0;
	xkm=elev[1]/1000.0;
	eno=eno_ns_surfref;
	enso=0.0;
	q=enso;

	if (q<=0.0)
	{
		/* ja = 3.0 + 0.1 * elev[0]; */
		ja=(long)(3.0+0.1*elev[0]);
		jb=np-ja+6;

		for (i=ja-1; i<jb; ++i)
			zsys+=elev[i];

		zsys/=(jb-ja+1);
		q=eno;
	}

	propv.mdvar=12;
	qlrps(frq_mhz,zsys,q,pol,eps_dielect,sgm_conductivity,prop);
	qlrpfl(elev,propv.klim,propv.mdvar,prop,propa,propv);
	fs=32.45+20.0*log10(frq_mhz)+20.0*log10(prop.dist/1000.0);
	deltaH=prop.dh;
	q=prop.dist-propa.dla;

	if (int(q)<0.0)
		propmode=0;  // Line-Of-Sight Mode
	else
	{
		if (int(q)==0.0)
			propmode=4;  // Single Horizon

		else if (int(q)>0.0)
			propmode=8;  // Double Horizon

		if (prop.dist<=propa.dlsa || prop.dist<=propa.dx)
			propmode+=1; // Diffraction Dominant

		else if (prop.dist>propa.dx)
			propmode+=2; // Troposcatter Dominant
	}

	dbloss=avar(ztime, zloc, zconf, prop, propv)+fs;      //avar(time,location,confidence)
	errnum=prop.kwx;
}

void point_to_pointDH (double elev[], double tht_m, double rht_m, double eps_dielect, double sgm_conductivity, double eno_ns_surfref, double frq_mhz, int radio_climate, int pol, double conf, double rel, double &dbloss, double &deltaH, int &errnum)
{
	// pol: 0-Horizontal, 1-Vertical
	// radio_climate: 1-Equatorial, 2-Continental Subtropical, 3-Maritime Tropical,
	//                4-Desert, 5-Continental Temperate, 6-Maritime Temperate, Over Land,
	//                7-Maritime Temperate, Over Sea
	// conf, rel: .01 to .99
	// elev[]: [num points - 1], [delta dist(meters)], [height(meters) point 1], ..., [height(meters) point n]
	// errnum: 0- No Error.
	//         1- Warning: Some parameters are nearly out of range.
	//                     Results should be used with caution.
	//         2- Note: Default parameters have been substituted for impossible ones.
	//         3- Warning: A combination of parameters is out of range.
	//                     Results are probably invalid.
	//         Other-  Warning: Some parameters are out of range.
	//                          Results are probably invalid.

	char strmode[100];
	prop_type   prop;
	propv_type  propv;
	propa_type  propa;
	double zsys=0;
	double zc, zr;
	double eno, enso, q;
	long ja, jb, i, np;
	double dkm, xkm;
	double fs;

	prop.hg[0]=tht_m;
	prop.hg[1]=rht_m;
	propv.klim=radio_climate;
	prop.kwx=0;
	propv.lvar=5;
	prop.mdp=-1;
	zc=qerfi(conf);
	zr=qerfi(rel);
	np=(long)elev[0];
	dkm=(elev[1]*elev[0])/1000.0;
	xkm=elev[1]/1000.0;
	eno=eno_ns_surfref;
	enso=0.0;
	q=enso;

	if (q<=0.0)
	{
		/* ja = 3.0 + 0.1 * elev[0]; */
		ja=(long)(3.0+0.1*elev[0]);

		jb=np-ja+6;

		for (i=ja-1; i<jb; ++i)
			zsys+=elev[i];

		zsys/=(jb-ja+1);
		q=eno;
	}

	propv.mdvar=12;
	qlrps(frq_mhz,zsys,q,pol,eps_dielect,sgm_conductivity,prop);
	qlrpfl(elev,propv.klim,propv.mdvar,prop,propa,propv);
	fs=32.45+20.0*log10(frq_mhz)+20.0*log10(prop.dist/1000.0);
	deltaH=prop.dh;
	q=prop.dist-propa.dla;

	if (int(q)<0.0)
		strcpy(strmode,"Line-Of-Sight Mode");
	else
	{
		if (int(q)==0.0)
			strcpy(strmode,"Single Horizon");

		else if (int(q)>0.0)
			strcpy(strmode,"Double Horizon");

		if (prop.dist<=propa.dlsa || prop.dist <= propa.dx)
			strcat(strmode,", Diffraction Dominant");

		else if (prop.dist>propa.dx)
			strcat(strmode, ", Troposcatter Dominant");
	}

	dbloss=avar(zr,0.0,zc,prop,propv)+fs;      //avar(time,location,confidence)
	errnum=prop.kwx;
}


//********************************************************
//* Area Mode Calculations                               *
//********************************************************

void area(long ModVar, double deltaH, double tht_m, double rht_m, double dist_km, int TSiteCriteria, int RSiteCriteria, double eps_dielect, double sgm_conductivity, double eno_ns_surfref, double frq_mhz, int radio_climate, int pol, double pctTime, double pctLoc, double pctConf, double &dbloss, char *strmode, int &errnum)
{
	// pol: 0-Horizontal, 1-Vertical
	// TSiteCriteria, RSiteCriteria:
	//		   0 - random, 1 - careful, 2 - very careful
	// radio_climate: 1-Equatorial, 2-Continental Subtropical, 3-Maritime Tropical,
	//                4-Desert, 5-Continental Temperate, 6-Maritime Temperate, Over Land,
	//                7-Maritime Temperate, Over Sea
	// ModVar: 0 - Single: pctConf is "Time/Situation/Location", pctTime, pctLoc not used
	//         1 - Individual: pctTime is "Situation/Location", pctConf is "Confidence", pctLoc not used
	//         2 - Mobile: pctTime is "Time/Locations (Reliability)", pctConf is "Confidence", pctLoc not used
	//         3 - Broadcast: pctTime is "Time", pctLoc is "Location", pctConf is "Confidence"
	// pctTime, pctLoc, pctConf: .01 to .99
	// errnum: 0- No Error.
	//         1- Warning: Some parameters are nearly out of range.
	//                     Results should be used with caution.
	//         2- Note: Default parameters have been substituted for impossible ones.
	//         3- Warning: A combination of parameters is out of range.
	//                     Results are probably invalid.
	//         Other-  Warning: Some parameters are out of range.
	//                          Results are probably invalid.
	// NOTE: strmode is not used at this time.

	prop_type prop;
	propv_type propv;
	propa_type propa;
	double zt, zl, zc, xlb;
	double fs;
	long ivar;
	double eps, eno, sgm;
	long ipol;
	int kst[2];

	kst[0]=(int)TSiteCriteria;
	kst[1]=(int)RSiteCriteria;
	zt=qerfi(pctTime);
	zl=qerfi(pctLoc);
	zc=qerfi(pctConf);
	eps=eps_dielect;
	sgm=sgm_conductivity;
	eno=eno_ns_surfref;
	prop.dh=deltaH;
	prop.hg[0]=tht_m;
	prop.hg[1]=rht_m;
	/* propv.klim = (__int32) radio_climate; */
	propv.klim=(long)radio_climate;
	prop.ens=eno;
	prop.kwx=0;
	ivar=(long)ModVar;
	ipol=(long)pol;
	qlrps(frq_mhz, 0.0, eno, ipol, eps, sgm, prop);
	qlra(kst, propv.klim, ivar, prop, propv);

	if (propv.lvar<1)
		propv.lvar=1;

	lrprop(dist_km*1000.0, prop, propa);
	fs=32.45+20.0*log10(frq_mhz)+20.0*log10(prop.dist/1000.0);
	xlb=fs+avar(zt, zl, zc, prop, propv);
	dbloss=xlb;

	if (prop.kwx==0)
		errnum=0;
	else
		errnum=prop.kwx;
}

double ITMAreadBLoss(long ModVar, double deltaH, double tht_m, double rht_m, double dist_km, int TSiteCriteria, int RSiteCriteria, double eps_dielect, double sgm_conductivity, double eno_ns_surfref, double frq_mhz, int radio_climate, int pol, double pctTime, double pctLoc, double pctConf)
{
	char strmode[200];
	int errnum;
	double dbloss;

	area(ModVar,deltaH,tht_m,rht_m,dist_km,TSiteCriteria,RSiteCriteria, eps_dielect,sgm_conductivity,eno_ns_surfref, frq_mhz,radio_climate,pol,pctTime,pctLoc, pctConf,dbloss,strmode,errnum);

	return dbloss;
}

double ITMVersion()
{
	return 7.0;
}