diff --git a/framework/shaders/common/absorption.h b/framework/shaders/common/absorption.h
index 154b857..894e613 100644
--- a/framework/shaders/common/absorption.h
+++ b/framework/shaders/common/absorption.h
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer%E2%80%93Lambert_law
 // https://www.pvlighthouse.com.au/cms/lectures/altermatt/optics/the-lambert-beer-law
+// https://www.rp-photonics.com/absorbance.html
 // https://www.rp-photonics.com/absorption_length.html
 
-vec3 absorb(vec3 a, float l)
+vec3 absorb(vec3 rgb, float c, float x)
 {
-    return exp(-a * l);
-}
-
-vec3 attenuationCoefficient(vec3 c, float d)
-{
-    return -log(c) * d;
+    vec3 a = -log(rgb) * c;
+    return exp(-a * x);
 }
diff --git a/framework/shaders/common/ray.h b/framework/shaders/common/ray.h
index c74cdde..99087d7 100644
--- a/framework/shaders/common/ray.h
+++ b/framework/shaders/common/ray.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall00/cs426/lectures/raycast/sld017.htm
-float rayPlane(vec4 p, vec3 ro, vec3 rd)
+float rayPlaneIntersection(vec4 p, vec3 o, vec3 d)
 {
-    return -(dot(ro, p.xyz) + p.w)/dot(rd, p.xyz);
+    return -(dot(o, p.xyz) + p.w)/dot(d, p.xyz);
 }
diff --git a/screenshots/seascape.jpg b/screenshots/seascape.jpg
index a13117a..01c1952 100644
Binary files a/screenshots/seascape.jpg and b/screenshots/seascape.jpg differ
diff --git a/seascape/shaders/marine.frag b/seascape/shaders/marine.frag
index 9da8488..82c7fdd 100644
--- a/seascape/shaders/marine.frag
+++ b/seascape/shaders/marine.frag
@@ -38,31 +38,33 @@ void main()
     // reconstruct normal from height map
     const float strength = 10.;
     vec3 normal = sobel(heightMap, texCoord, strength);
+	vec3 n = mat3(normalMatrix) * normal.xzy; // swap Y, Z
 
-    // view-space ray
-    const vec3 eye = vec3(0);
-    vec3 i = normalize(viewPos - eye);
+    // calculate indicent and refracted rays
+    vec3 i = normalize(viewPos);
+	vec3 r = refract(i, n, IOR_AIR/IOR_WATER);
 
     // calculate absorption path length
-    float seabedDistance = rayPlane(seabed.viewPlane, eye, i);
-    float surfaceDistance = distance(eye, viewPos);
-    float absorptionLength = seabedDistance - surfaceDistance;
-
+    float absorptionLen = rayPlaneIntersection(seabed.viewPlane, viewPos, r);
     // calculate refracted water color
-    vec3 sigma = attenuationCoefficient(surface.diffuse.rgb, 0.1);
-    vec3 refracted = absorb(sigma, absorptionLength);
-
-    vec3 l = light.viewDir.xyz;
-    vec3 n = mat3(normalMatrix) * normal.xzy; // swap Y, Z
-    vec3 r = reflect(-l, n);
-
-    // calcular specular
-    float RdV = max(dot(r, -i), 0.);
-    vec3 specular = surface.specular.rgb * pow(RdV, surface.shininess) * light.specular.rgb;
+    const float concentration = 0.1;
+    vec3 refracted = absorb(surface.diffuse.rgb, concentration, absorptionLen);
 
     // lookup cubemap for reflected color
-    vec3 reflected = texture(envMap, reflect(i, n)).rgb * 1.2;
-
+    r = reflect(i, n);
+    vec3 reflected = texture(envMap, r).rgb * 1.2;
+    
+    // calculate diffuse color
     float coeff = fresnelSchlick(IOR_AIR, IOR_WATER, n, i);
-    oColor = mix(refracted, reflected, coeff) + specular;
+    vec3 diffuse = mix(refracted, reflected, coeff);
+
+    // calculate reflected ray
+    vec3 l = light.viewDir.xyz;
+    r = reflect(-l, n);
+    // calculate specular color
+    vec3 v = -i;
+    float RdV = max(dot(r, v), 0.);
+    vec3 specular = surface.specular.rgb * pow(RdV, surface.shininess) * light.specular.rgb;
+   
+    oColor = diffuse + specular;
 }