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STM32中NVIC(嵌套向量中断控制)的理解.html
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<h1>STM32中NVIC(嵌套向量中断控制)的理解</h1>
<h4>2011-10-04，整理于2014-09-25 / xiahouzuoxin</h4>
<h4>Tags: ARM</h4>
转载请注明出处: <a href="http://xiahouzuoxin.github.io/notes/">http://xiahouzuoxin.github.io/notes/</a>
<!---title:STM32中NVIC(嵌套向量中断控制)的理解-->
<!---keywords:ARM-->
<!---date:2011-10-04，整理于2014-09-25-->
<p>这是一篇旧文，早在上大二的时候，在地下室（当时实验室在防空地下室）顺手在word上写的，当时STM32正刚刚开始蓬勃发展，如今时隔3年，整理到这里！</p>
<p>两日被些许琐事所牵，身心俱累，本无心记录，但回想前几天的点滴收获，无录甚是可惜，于是身倚椅，旁敲键盘记之，唯慰藉自己及共享同道仁友。废言不再多，就此入题。</p>
<p>NVIC，中文名嵌套中断向量控制器，是Cortex-M3系列控制器内部独有集成单元，与CPU结合紧密，降低中断延迟时间并且能更加高效处理后续中断。举个例子，比如火车站买票，那些火车站的规章制度就是NVIC，规定学生和军人有比一般人更高优先级，它们则给你单独安排个窗口，同学与同学之间也有区别，那就是你也得排队，也就是你的组别（抢断优先级）和你的排队序号（响应优先级）决定你何时能买到票。</p>
<p>抢断优先级，顾名思义，能再别人中断是抢占别人中断，实现中断嵌套。响应优先级则只能排队，不能抢在前面插别人的对，即不能嵌套。</p>
<p>STM32中指定优先级的寄存器为4位，其定义如下：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>第0组：所有4位用于指定响应优先级</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>第1组：最高1位用于指定抢占式优先级，最低3位用于指定响应优先级</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>第2组：最高2位用于指定抢占式优先级，最低2位用于指定响应优先级</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>第3组：最高3位用于指定抢占式优先级，最低1位用于指定响应优先级</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>第4组：所有4位用于指定抢占式优先级</p>
</blockquote>
<p>以上定义也称作中断优先级分组，相关内容在STM32固件库的misc.h文件中有详细定义。</p>
<p>基础了解了就可以对中断进行操作了：</p>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li><p>使用<code>void NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(uint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup)</code>函数对优先级分组配置。<code>NVIC_PriorityGroup</code>可以配置为</p>
<p>NVIC_PriorityGroup_0 => 选择第0组</p>
<p>NVIC_PriorityGroup_1 => 选择第1组</p>
<p>NVIC_PriorityGroup_2 => 选择第2组</p>
<p>NVIC_PriorityGroup_3 => 选择第3组</p>
<p>NVIC_PriorityGroup_4 => 选择第4组</p>
<p>例如：NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_0)配置为0组。</p></li>
<li><p>中断初始化结构体配置，结构体类型定义如下：</p>
<pre class="sourceCode c"><code class="sourceCode c"><span class="kw">typedef</span> <span class="kw">struct</span>
{
<span class="dt">uint8_t</span> NVIC_IRQChannel;
<span class="dt">uint8_t</span> NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority; <span class="co">//抢断优先级</span>
<span class="dt">uint8_t</span> NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority; <span class="co">//响应优先级 </span>
FunctionalState NVIC_IRQChannelCmd;
} NVIC_InitTypeDef;</code></pre>
<p>例如：STM32外部中断0配置如下：</p>
<pre><code>EXTI_NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI0_IRQn;
EXTI_NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1; //抢占优先级别(0~1)
EXTI_NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 7; //响应优先级别(0~7)
EXTI_NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;</code></pre></li>
<li><p>中断初始化结构体初始化操作如下</p>
<pre><code>NVIC_Init(&EXTI_NVIC_InitStructure);</code></pre></li>
<li><p>开关总中断操作。在STM32中是通过改变CPU优先级来允许和禁止中断的。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>下面两个函数等效关闭总中断</p>
<pre class="sourceCode c"><code class="sourceCode c"><span class="dt">void</span> NVIC_SETPRIMASK(<span class="dt">void</span>)；
<span class="dt">void</span> NVIC_SETFAULTMASK(<span class="dt">void</span>)；</code></pre></li>
<li><p>下面两个函数等效开放总中断</p>
<pre class="sourceCode c"><code class="sourceCode c"><span class="dt">void</span> NVIC_RESETPRIMASK(<span class="dt">void</span>)；
<span class="dt">void</span> NVIC_RESETFAULTMASK(<span class="dt">void</span>)；</code></pre></li>
<li><p>常用操作是先关后开中断</p>
<pre class="sourceCode c"><code class="sourceCode c">NVIC_SETPRIMASK(); <span class="co">// Disable Interrupts </span>
NVIC_RESETPRIMASK(); <span class="co">// Enable Interrupts</span></code></pre></li>
</ul>
<p>两种类型函数要成对使用。</p></li>
</ol>
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