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README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # AARON's BLOG :link: https://AaronChen5651.github.io/aaron.github.io 
 ### :page_facing_up: [3](https://AaronChen5651.github.io/aaron.github.io/tag.html) 
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-### :alarm_clock: 2024-12-17 12:09:30 
+### :hibiscus: 5433 
+### :alarm_clock: 2024-12-17 14:36:43 
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backup/UC Berkeley CS61A Sping 2021 Lecture 3 Control.md

@@ -143,3 +143,59 @@ b = square(4)  # 创建新的局部环境，x = 4
 4. **提高可复用性**，使函数能够独立运行。  
 
 局部环境使函数调用成为一个**封闭的计算单元**，有效管理变量作用域，保证程序的正确性和可维护性。
+
+---
+---
+### **return f 和 return f(x) 的区别**
+
+return f 返回的是 函数对象 f。
+return f(x) 返回的是 函数 f 执行后的结果，即 f(x) 的计算值。
+
+报错举例：
+你遇到的错误是：
+
+```python
+NameError: name 'x' is not defined
+```
+
+这是因为在函数 `incr(n)` 中，你尝试直接调用 `f(x)`，但是在此时 `x` 并没有定义。这导致 Python 无法找到 `x` 的值，产生了 `NameError` 错误。
+
+### 具体原因：
+
+```python
+def incr(n):
+    def f(x):
+        return n + x
+    return f(x)  # 错误：x 在这里没有定义
+```
+
+在这个代码中：
+- `f(x)` 是一个内嵌函数，它需要一个 `x` 作为参数。
+- 但是你在 `incr(n)` 函数内部直接调用了 `f(x)`，并且没有给 `x` 传递任何值，这会导致 Python 无法理解 `x` 是什么。
+
+### 正确的做法：
+
+如果你的目的是返回 `f` 函数本身（即将 `f` 作为闭包返回），而不是立即执行它，你应该改为 `return f`，而不是 `return f(x)`。然后，稍后你可以使用参数来调用 `f`。
+
+### 修改后的代码：
+
+```python
+def incr(n):
+    def f(x):
+        return n + x
+    return f  # 返回函数 f 本身，而不是调用 f(x)
+
+result_function = incr(5)  # 返回 f 函数
+result = result_function(6)  # 调用 f(6)
+print(result)  # 输出 5 + 6 = 11
+```
+
+### 解释：
+1. `incr(5)` 返回的是 `f` 函数，而不是 `f(x)` 的执行结果。
+2. 返回的 `f` 函数被赋值给 `result_function`，然后我们调用 `result_function(6)`，即实际调用的是 `f(6)`。
+3. `f(6)` 会计算 `n + x`，其中 `n` 是从 `incr(5)` 中传递来的 `5`，所以 `f(6)` 返回的是 `5 + 6 = 11`，最终打印结果是 `11`。
+
+### 关键修改：
+- 使用 `return f` 返回函数对象，而不是直接调用 `f(x)`。
+
+这样就能正确地实现闭包的功能。

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docs/post/UC Berkeley CS61A Sping 2021 Lecture 3 Control.html

@@ -227,7 +227,48 @@ <h3>5. <strong>总结：为什么会创建新的局部环境？</strong></h3>
 <li><strong>支持递归</strong>，为每一层调用保存独立的状态。</li>
 <li><strong>提高可复用性</strong>，使函数能够独立运行。</li>
 </ol>
-<p>局部环境使函数调用成为一个<strong>封闭的计算单元</strong>，有效管理变量作用域，保证程序的正确性和可维护性。</p></div>
+<p>局部环境使函数调用成为一个<strong>封闭的计算单元</strong>，有效管理变量作用域，保证程序的正确性和可维护性。</p>
+<hr>
+<hr>
+<h3><strong>return f 和 return f(x) 的区别</strong></h3>
+<p>return f 返回的是 函数对象 f。<br>
+return f(x) 返回的是 函数 f 执行后的结果，即 f(x) 的计算值。</p>
+<p>报错举例：<br>
+你遇到的错误是：</p>
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-python"><pre class="notranslate"><span class="pl-v">NameError</span>: <span class="pl-s1">name</span> <span class="pl-s">'x'</span> <span class="pl-c1"><span class="pl-c1">is</span> <span class="pl-c1">not</span></span> <span class="pl-s1">defined</span></pre></div>
+<p>这是因为在函数 <code class="notranslate">incr(n)</code> 中，你尝试直接调用 <code class="notranslate">f(x)</code>，但是在此时 <code class="notranslate">x</code> 并没有定义。这导致 Python 无法找到 <code class="notranslate">x</code> 的值，产生了 <code class="notranslate">NameError</code> 错误。</p>
+<h3>具体原因：</h3>
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-python"><pre class="notranslate"><span class="pl-k">def</span> <span class="pl-en">incr</span>(<span class="pl-s1">n</span>):
+    <span class="pl-k">def</span> <span class="pl-en">f</span>(<span class="pl-s1">x</span>):
+        <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">n</span> <span class="pl-c1">+</span> <span class="pl-s1">x</span>
+    <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-en">f</span>(<span class="pl-s1">x</span>)  <span class="pl-c"># 错误：x 在这里没有定义</span></pre></div>
+<p>在这个代码中：</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code class="notranslate">f(x)</code> 是一个内嵌函数，它需要一个 <code class="notranslate">x</code> 作为参数。</li>
+<li>但是你在 <code class="notranslate">incr(n)</code> 函数内部直接调用了 <code class="notranslate">f(x)</code>，并且没有给 <code class="notranslate">x</code> 传递任何值，这会导致 Python 无法理解 <code class="notranslate">x</code> 是什么。</li>
+</ul>
+<h3>正确的做法：</h3>
+<p>如果你的目的是返回 <code class="notranslate">f</code> 函数本身（即将 <code class="notranslate">f</code> 作为闭包返回），而不是立即执行它，你应该改为 <code class="notranslate">return f</code>，而不是 <code class="notranslate">return f(x)</code>。然后，稍后你可以使用参数来调用 <code class="notranslate">f</code>。</p>
+<h3>修改后的代码：</h3>
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-python"><pre class="notranslate"><span class="pl-k">def</span> <span class="pl-en">incr</span>(<span class="pl-s1">n</span>):
+    <span class="pl-k">def</span> <span class="pl-en">f</span>(<span class="pl-s1">x</span>):
+        <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">n</span> <span class="pl-c1">+</span> <span class="pl-s1">x</span>
+    <span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">f</span>  <span class="pl-c"># 返回函数 f 本身，而不是调用 f(x)</span>
+
+<span class="pl-s1">result_function</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">incr</span>(<span class="pl-c1">5</span>)  <span class="pl-c"># 返回 f 函数</span>
+<span class="pl-s1">result</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">result_function</span>(<span class="pl-c1">6</span>)  <span class="pl-c"># 调用 f(6)</span>
+<span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">result</span>)  <span class="pl-c"># 输出 5 + 6 = 11</span></pre></div>
+<h3>解释：</h3>
+<ol>
+<li><code class="notranslate">incr(5)</code> 返回的是 <code class="notranslate">f</code> 函数，而不是 <code class="notranslate">f(x)</code> 的执行结果。</li>
+<li>返回的 <code class="notranslate">f</code> 函数被赋值给 <code class="notranslate">result_function</code>，然后我们调用 <code class="notranslate">result_function(6)</code>，即实际调用的是 <code class="notranslate">f(6)</code>。</li>
+<li><code class="notranslate">f(6)</code> 会计算 <code class="notranslate">n + x</code>，其中 <code class="notranslate">n</code> 是从 <code class="notranslate">incr(5)</code> 中传递来的 <code class="notranslate">5</code>，所以 <code class="notranslate">f(6)</code> 返回的是 <code class="notranslate">5 + 6 = 11</code>，最终打印结果是 <code class="notranslate">11</code>。</li>
+</ol>
+<h3>关键修改：</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>使用 <code class="notranslate">return f</code> 返回函数对象，而不是直接调用 <code class="notranslate">f(x)</code>。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>这样就能正确地实现闭包的功能。</p></div>
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