Vectorized Atbash cipher for ASCII

perf/Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Benchmarks/AtbashBenchmarks.cs

@@ -12,18 +12,18 @@ public class AtbashBenchmarks
 	private static readonly AtbashCipher General = new();
 	private static readonly AsciiAtbashCipher Optimized = new();
 
-	private static readonly char[] Input = new char[43];
-	private static readonly char[] Output = new char[43];
+	private const string Plaintext = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";
+	private static readonly char[] Output = new char[64];
 
 	[Benchmark]
 	public void Atbash()
 	{
-		General.Encrypt(Input, Output, out _);
+		General.Encrypt(Plaintext, Output, out _);
 	}
 
 	[Benchmark]
 	public void SlowXor_I64_K32()
 	{
-		Optimized.Encrypt(Input, Output, out _);
+		Optimized.Encrypt(Plaintext, Output, out _);
 	}
 }

perf/Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Benchmarks/Program.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
 
-BenchmarkRunner.Run<ShiftCipherBenchmarks>();
+BenchmarkRunner.Run<AtbashBenchmarks>();
 //BenchmarkRunner.Run(typeof(Program).Assembly);

src/Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Specialized/Optimized/AsciiAtbashCipher.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 using System;
 using System.Composition;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
+
+using TVector = System.Runtime.Intrinsics.Vector128<short>;
 
 namespace Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Specialized;
 
@@ -9,8 +15,15 @@ namespace Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Specialized;
 [Export("ASCII-Atbash", typeof(ICipher))]
 public class AsciiAtbashCipher : ReciprocalCipher
 {
-	private const int A = (int)'A';
-	private const int a = (int)'a';
+    private const int APlusZ = (int)('A' + 'Z');
+    private const int LowercaseAPlusZ = (int)('a' + 'z');
+
+	private static readonly TVector VectorOfAPlusZ = Vector128.Create((short)('A' + 'Z'));
+	private static readonly TVector VectorOfLowercaseAPlusZ = Vector128.Create((short)('a' + 'z'));
+	private static readonly TVector VectorOfAMinus1 = Vector128.Create((short)('A' - 1));
+	private static readonly TVector VectorOfZPlus1 = Vector128.Create((short)('Z' + 1));
+	private static readonly TVector VectorOfLowercaseAMinus1 = Vector128.Create((short)('a' - 1));
+	private static readonly TVector VectorOfLowercaseZPlus1 = Vector128.Create((short)('z' + 1));
 
 	protected override void Crypt(ReadOnlySpan<char> text, Span<char> result, out int written)
 	{
@@ -19,18 +32,89 @@ protected override void Crypt(ReadOnlySpan<char> text, Span<char> result, out in
 			throw new ArgumentException("Size of output buffer is insufficient.", nameof(result));
 		}
 
+        if (Avx2.IsSupported)
+        {
+            // process the vectorized input
+            var vectorCount = text.Length / TVector.Count;
+            var totalVectorizedLength = vectorCount * TVector.Count;
+            var vectorizedText = MemoryMarshal.Cast<char, short>(text);
+            var vectorizedResult = MemoryMarshal.Cast<char, short>(result);
+            for (int offset = 0; offset < totalVectorizedLength; offset += TVector.Count)
+            {
+                var input = Vector128.LoadUnsafe(ref MemoryMarshal.GetReference(vectorizedText[offset..]));
+                var output = CryptBlockAvx2(input);
+                output.StoreUnsafe(ref MemoryMarshal.GetReference(vectorizedResult[offset..]));
+            }
+
+            // process the remaining input
+            if (totalVectorizedLength < text.Length)
+            {
+                var remainingInput = text[totalVectorizedLength..];
+                var remainingOutput = result[totalVectorizedLength..];
+                CryptSlow(remainingInput, remainingOutput);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            CryptSlow(text, result);
+        }
+
+        written = text.Length;
+	}
+
+	internal static void CryptSlow(ReadOnlySpan<char> text, Span<char> result)
+	{
 		for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
 		{
 			var ch = text[i];
 			var idx = (int)ch;
 			result[i] = ch switch
 			{
-				>= 'A' and <= 'Z' => (char)(A + (25 - (idx - A))),
-				>= 'a' and <= 'z' => (char)(a + (25 - (idx - a))),
+				>= 'A' and <= 'Z' => (char)(APlusZ - idx),
+				>= 'a' and <= 'z' => (char)(LowercaseAPlusZ - idx),
 				_ => ch,
 			};
 		}
+	}
+
+	[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+	public static TVector CryptBlockAvx2(TVector input)
+	{
+		// uppercase
+		var isUpperMask = Avx2.And(
+			Avx2.CompareGreaterThan(input, VectorOfAMinus1),
+			Avx2.CompareLessThan(input, VectorOfZPlus1)
+		);
+		TVector transformedUppercase;
+		if (isUpperMask == TVector.Zero)
+		{
+			transformedUppercase = input;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			transformedUppercase = Avx2.Subtract(VectorOfAPlusZ, input);
+			transformedUppercase = Avx2.BlendVariable(input, transformedUppercase, isUpperMask);
+		}
+
+		// lowercase
+		var isLowerMask = Avx2.And(
+			Avx2.CompareGreaterThan(input, VectorOfLowercaseAMinus1),
+			Avx2.CompareLessThan(input, VectorOfLowercaseZPlus1)
+		);
+		TVector transformedLowercase;
+		if (isLowerMask == TVector.Zero)
+		{
+			transformedLowercase = input;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			transformedLowercase = Avx2.Subtract(VectorOfLowercaseAPlusZ, input);
+			transformedLowercase = Avx2.BlendVariable(transformedLowercase, transformedLowercase, isLowerMask);
+		}
+
+		// merge
+		var transformed = Avx2.BlendVariable(transformedUppercase, transformedLowercase, isLowerMask);
 
-		written = text.Length;
+		return transformed;
 	}
 }

tests/Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Tests/Ciphers/AsciiAtbashCipherTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+using Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Specialized;
+
+namespace Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Tests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class AsciiAtbashCipherTests
+{
+	[TestMethod]
+	public void AsciiAtbash()
+	{
+		var cipher = new AsciiAtbashCipher();
+
+		const string plaintext = "AbcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzZYX";
+		const string ciphertext = "ZyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaABC";
+
+		Assert.AreEqual(ciphertext, cipher.Encrypt(plaintext));
+		Assert.AreEqual(plaintext, cipher.Decrypt(ciphertext));
+	}
+}

tests/Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Tests/Ciphers/AtbashCipherTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+using Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Specialized;
+
+namespace Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Tests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class AtbashCipherTests
+{
+	[TestMethod]
+	public void Atbash()
+	{
+		var cipher = new AtbashCipher();
+
+		const string plaintext = "Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+		const string ciphertext = "Zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba";
+
+		Assert.AreEqual(ciphertext, cipher.Encrypt(plaintext));
+		Assert.AreEqual(plaintext, cipher.Decrypt(ciphertext));
+	}
+}

tests/Science.Cryptography.Ciphers.Tests/Ciphers/CipherTests.cs

@@ -56,30 +56,6 @@ public void Multiplicative_Encrypt()
 		Assert.AreEqual(ciphertext, cipher.Encrypt(plaintext, 3));
 	}
 
-	[TestMethod]
-	public void Atbash()
-	{
-		var cipher = new AtbashCipher();
-
-		const string plaintext = "Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
-		const string ciphertext = "Zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba";
-
-		Assert.AreEqual(ciphertext, cipher.Encrypt(plaintext));
-		Assert.AreEqual(plaintext, cipher.Decrypt(ciphertext));
-	}
-
-	[TestMethod]
-	public void AsciiAtbash()
-	{
-		var cipher = new AsciiAtbashCipher();
-
-		const string plaintext = "Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
-		const string ciphertext = "Zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba";
-
-		Assert.AreEqual(ciphertext, cipher.Encrypt(plaintext));
-		Assert.AreEqual(plaintext, cipher.Decrypt(ciphertext));
-	}
-
 	/*
     [TestMethod]
     public void Bifid()