chore: manual backport of refactored retries (#3060)

[krancour]

Manual backport of #3060 due to merge conflicts in generated code.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 76.08696% with 33 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 51.21%. Comparing base (faa838f) to head (043d3c0).
Report is 1 commits behind head on release-1.1.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
internal/controller/promotions/promotions.go	0.00%	20 Missing ⚠️
internal/directives/simple_engine_promote.go	92.55%	6 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
internal/directives/argocd_updater.go	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
api/v1alpha1/promotion_types.go	80.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff               @@
##           release-1.1    #3068      +/-   ##
===============================================
+ Coverage        51.09%   51.21%   +0.11%     
===============================================
  Files              283      283              
  Lines            25406    25450      +44     
===============================================
+ Hits             12981    13033      +52     
+ Misses           11726    11720       -6     
+ Partials           699      697       -2     

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