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| --- | ||
| title: "Data Types" | ||
| weight: 7 | ||
| type: docs | ||
| aliases: | ||
| - /concepts/data-types.html | ||
| --- | ||
| <!-- | ||
| Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one | ||
| or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file | ||
| distributed with this work for additional information | ||
| regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file | ||
| to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the | ||
| "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance | ||
| with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at | ||
| http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | ||
| Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, | ||
| software distributed under the License is distributed on an | ||
| "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY | ||
| KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the | ||
| specific language governing permissions and limitations | ||
| under the License. | ||
| --> | ||
|
|
||
| # Data Types | ||
|
|
||
| A data type describes the logical type of a value in the table ecosystem. It can be used to declare input and/or output types of operations. | ||
|
|
||
| All data types supported by Paimon are as follows: | ||
|
|
||
| <table class="table table-bordered"> | ||
| <thead> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <th class="text-left" style="width: 10%">DataType</th> | ||
| <th class="text-left" style="width: 30%">Description</th> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| </thead> | ||
| <tbody> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>BOOLEAN</code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a boolean with a (possibly) three-valued logic of TRUE, FALSE, and UNKNOWN.</code></td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>CHAR</code><br> | ||
| <code>CHAR(n)</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a fixed-length character string.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using CHAR(n) where n is the number of code points. n must have a value between 1 and 2,147,483,647 (both inclusive). If no length is specified, n is equal to 1. </code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>VARCHAR</code><br> | ||
| <code>VARCHAR(n)</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>STRING</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a variable-length character string.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using VARCHAR(n) where n is the maximum number of code points. n must have a value between 1 and 2,147,483,647 (both inclusive). If no length is specified, n is equal to 1. </code><br><br> | ||
| <code>STRING is a synonym for VARCHAR(2147483647).</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>BINARY</code><br> | ||
| <code>BINARY(n)</code><br><br> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a fixed-length binary string (=a sequence of bytes).</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using BINARY(n) where n is the number of bytes. n must have a value between 1 and 2,147,483,647 (both inclusive). If no length is specified, n is equal to 1.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>VARBINARY</code><br> | ||
| <code>VARBINARY(n)</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>BYTES</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a variable-length binary string (=a sequence of bytes).</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using VARBINARY(n) where n is the maximum number of bytes. n must have a value between 1 and 2,147,483,647 (both inclusive). If no length is specified, n is equal to 1.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>BYTES is a synonym for VARBINARY(2147483647).</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>DECIMAL</code><br> | ||
| <code>DECIMAL(p)</code><br> | ||
| <code>DECIMAL(p, s)</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a decimal number with fixed precision and scale.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using DECIMAL(p, s) where p is the number of digits in a number (precision) and s is the number of digits to the right of the decimal point in a number (scale). p must have a value between 1 and 38 (both inclusive). s must have a value between 0 and p (both inclusive). The default value for p is 10. The default value for s is 0.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>TINYINT</code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a 1-byte signed integer with values from -128 to 127.</code></td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>SMALLINT</code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a 2-byte signed integer with values from -32,768 to 32,767.</code></td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>INT</code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a 4-byte signed integer with values from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.</code></td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>BIGINT</code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of an 8-byte signed integer with values from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.</code></td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>FLOAT</code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a 4-byte single precision floating point number.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>Compared to the SQL standard, the type does not take parameters.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>DOUBLE</code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of an 8-byte double precision floating point number.</code></td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>DATE</code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a date consisting of year-month-day with values ranging from 0000-01-01 to 9999-12-31.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>Compared to the SQL standard, the range starts at year 0000.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>TIME</code><br> | ||
| <code>TIME(p)</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a time without time zone consisting of hour:minute:second[.fractional] with up to nanosecond precision and values ranging from 00:00:00.000000000 to 23:59:59.999999999.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using TIME(p) where p is the number of digits of fractional seconds (precision). p must have a value between 0 and 9 (both inclusive). If no precision is specified, p is equal to 0.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>TIMESTAMP</code><br> | ||
| <code>TIMESTAMP(p)</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a timestamp without time zone consisting of year-month-day hour:minute:second[.fractional] with up to nanosecond precision and values ranging from 0000-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 to 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999999.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using TIMESTAMP(p) where p is the number of digits of fractional seconds (precision). p must have a value between 0 and 9 (both inclusive). If no precision is specified, p is equal to 6.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE</code><br> | ||
| <code>TIMESTAMP(p) WITH TIME ZONE</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a timestamp with time zone consisting of year-month-day hour:minute:second[.fractional] zone with up to nanosecond precision and values ranging from 0000-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +14:59 to 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999999 -14:59.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>This type fills the gap between time zone free and time zone mandatory timestamp types by allowing the interpretation of UTC timestamps according to the configured session time zone. A conversion from and to int describes the number of seconds since epoch. A conversion from and to long describes the number of milliseconds since epoch.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>ARRAY<t></code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of an array of elements with same subtype.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>Compared to the SQL standard, the maximum cardinality of an array cannot be specified but is fixed at 2,147,483,647. Also, any valid type is supported as a subtype.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using ARRAY<t> where t is the data type of the contained elements.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>MAP<kt, vt></code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of an associative array that maps keys (including NULL) to values (including NULL). A map cannot contain duplicate keys; each key can map to at most one value.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>There is no restriction of element types; it is the responsibility of the user to ensure uniqueness.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using MAP<kt, vt> where kt is the data type of the key elements and vt is the data type of the value elements.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>MULTISET<t></code></td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a multiset (=bag). Unlike a set, it allows for multiple instances for each of its elements with a common subtype. Each unique value (including NULL) is mapped to some multiplicity.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>There is no restriction of element types; it is the responsibility of the user to ensure uniqueness.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using MULTISET<t> where t is the data type of the contained elements.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| <tr> | ||
| <td><code>ROW<n0 t0, n1 t1, ...></code><br> | ||
| <code>ROW<n0 t0 'd0', n1 t1 'd1', ...></code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| <td><code>Data type of a sequence of fields.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>A field consists of a field name, field type, and an optional description. The most specific type of a row of a table is a row type. In this case, each column of the row corresponds to the field of the row type that has the same ordinal position as the column.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>Compared to the SQL standard, an optional field description simplifies the handling with complex structures.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>A row type is similar to the STRUCT type known from other non-standard-compliant frameworks.</code><br><br> | ||
| <code>The type can be declared using ROW<n0 t0 'd0', n1 t1 'd1', ...> where n is the unique name of a field, t is the logical type of a field, d is the description of a field.</code> | ||
| </td> | ||
| </tr> | ||
| </tbody> | ||
| </table> |
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