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First proofreading pass to Ch 3
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Updated to krantz.cls to that received today from Kumar Shashi
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aphalo committed Sep 5, 2023
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\chapter{R: the language and the program}\label{chap:R:introduction}
\chapter{R: the Language and the Program}\label{chap:R:introduction}

\begin{VF}
In a world of \ldots\ relentless pressure for more of everything, one can lose sight of the basic principles---simplicity, clarity, generality---that form the bedrock of good software.
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\section{Getting ready to use \Rlang}\label{sec:R:install}

As the book is designed with the expectation that readers will run code examples as the read the text, you have to ensure access to the \Rpgrm before reading the next chapter. It is likely that your school, employer or teacher has already enabled access to \Rpgrm. If not, or if you are reading the book on your own, you should install \Rpgrm or secure access to an on-line service. Using \RStudio or another IDE can facilitate the use of \Rpgrm, but all the code in the remaining chapters makes only use of \Rpgrm and packages available through CRAN. Chapters
As the book is designed with the expectation that readers will run code examples as the read the text, you have to ensure access to the \Rpgrm before reading the next chapter. It is likely that your school, employer or teacher has already enabled access to \Rpgrm. If not, or if you are reading the book on your own, you should install \Rpgrm or secure access to an on-line service. Using \RStudio or another IDE can facilitate the use of \Rpgrm, but all the code in the remaining chapters makes only use of \Rpgrm and packages available through CRAN. Chapters

I have written an \Rlang package, named \pkgname{learnrbook}, containing original data and computer-readable listings for all code examples and exercises in the book. It also contains code and data that makes it easier to instal the packages used in later chapters. Its name is \pkgname{learnrbook} and is available through CRAN. \textbf{It is not necessary for you to install this or any other packages until section \ref{sec:packages:install} on page \pageref{sec:packages:install}, where I explain how to install and use \Rlang \Rlang packages.}

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\indexentry{How do I install the \textsf {R} program in my computer?}{21}
\indexentry{How do I install the \textsf {RStudio} IDE in my computer?}{21}
\indexentry{How can I get access to \textsf {RStudio} as a cloud service?}{21}
\indexentry{How to check if an entire vector contains no values other than \texttt {\addfontfeature {Scale = 0.89}{\setlength {\fboxsep }{0.05pt}\colorbox {codeshadecolor}{NA\vphantom {tp}}}} (or \texttt {\addfontfeature {Scale = 0.89}{\setlength {\fboxsep }{0.05pt}\colorbox {codeshadecolor}{NaN\vphantom {tp}}}}) values?}{46}
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\indexentry{How to access the last value in a vector?}{63}
\indexentry{How to summarize one variable from a data frame by group?}{106}
\indexentry{How to summarize numeric variables from a data frame by group?}{106}
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\item How to access the last value in a vector?, 63
\item How to change the repository used to install packages?, 181
\item How to check if a vector contains one or more \texttt {\addfontfeature {Scale = 0.89}{\setlength {\fboxsep }{0.05pt}\colorbox {codeshadecolor}{NA\vphantom {tp}}}} (or \texttt {\addfontfeature {Scale = 0.89}{\setlength {\fboxsep }{0.05pt}\colorbox {codeshadecolor}{NaN\vphantom {tp}}}}) values?,
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\item How to check if an entire vector contains no values other than \texttt {\addfontfeature {Scale = 0.89}{\setlength {\fboxsep }{0.05pt}\colorbox {codeshadecolor}{NA\vphantom {tp}}}} (or \texttt {\addfontfeature {Scale = 0.89}{\setlength {\fboxsep }{0.05pt}\colorbox {codeshadecolor}{NaN\vphantom {tp}}}}) values?,
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\item How to install or update a package from CRAN?, 180
\item How to order columns or rows in a data frame?, 108
\item How to sample random rows from a data frame?, 193
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