ci: use buildkit cache for dockerfile (#860)

## Summary
Using new buildx cache instead of cargo chef for image updates, makes
subsequent updates much faster locally.

## Background
Cargo chef has not created huge speed up in build times due to nature of
our dependencies. In local tests it improves second build by ~1 minute
while slowing first build by about 3 minutes. This makes the first local
build take ~4 min and then subsequent minor updates can be built in less
than 30s.

## Changes
- Remove cargo chef
- Utilize buildkit caches

## Testing
Running locally, testing image built + CI tests on here to see how it
impacts CI build time.

containerfiles/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# build stage
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM lukemathwalker/cargo-chef:0.1.66-rust-1.76.0-bookworm AS chef
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM rust:1.76-bookworm AS rust
 
 WORKDIR /build/
 
@@ -40,40 +39,17 @@ RUN \
   install ./protoc/include/google/protobuf/* -Dt /usr/local/include/google/protobuf; \
   install ./protoc/include/google/protobuf/compiler/* -Dt /usr/local/include/google/protobuf/compiler;
 
-# install targets
-FROM chef AS planner
-ARG TARGETBINARY
-COPY . .
-RUN cargo chef prepare --bin $TARGETBINARY --recipe-path recipe.json
-
-FROM chef as builder
-COPY --from=planner /build/recipe.json recipe.json
+FROM rust as builder
 
 ARG BUILDPLATFORM
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 ARG TARGETBINARY
-RUN \
-    if [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/arm64" ] && [ "$BUILDPLATFORM" != "linux/arm64" ]; then \
-      export CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
-        CC_aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
-        CXX_aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ \
-        PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu; \
-      TARGET_TRIPLE=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu; \
-    elif [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/amd64" ] && [ "$BUILDPLATFORM" != "linux/amd64" ]; then \
-      export CARGO_TARGET_x86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER=x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc \
-        CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu=x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc \
-        CXX_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu=x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ \
-        PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR=/usr/x86_64-linux-gnu; \
-      TARGET_TRIPLE=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu; \
-    else \
-      TARGET_TRIPLE=$(uname -m)-unknown-linux-gnu; \
-    fi; \
-    export PROTOC=/usr/local/bin/protoc; \
-    cargo chef cook --release --bin $TARGETBINARY --target $TARGET_TRIPLE --recipe-path recipe.json;
-
 COPY . .
 
+RUN mkdir -p release
 RUN \
+    --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/local/cargo/registry,id=${TARGETPLATFORM}-${TARGETBINARY} \
+    --mount=type=cache,target=/build/target,id=${TARGETPLATFORM}-${TARGETBINARY} \
     if [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/arm64" ] && [ "$BUILDPLATFORM" != "linux/arm64" ]; then \
       export CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
         CC_aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
@@ -90,13 +66,11 @@ RUN \
       TARGET_TRIPLE=$(uname -m)-unknown-linux-gnu; \
     fi; \
     export PROTOC=/usr/local/bin/protoc; \
-    cargo build --release --target $TARGET_TRIPLE --bin $TARGETBINARY;
-
-# replace this with `--out` or `--out-dir` once stable
-RUN mkdir -p target/release
-RUN if [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/arm64" ]; then ARCH=aarch64; \
+    cargo build --release --target $TARGET_TRIPLE --bin $TARGETBINARY;\
+    # Copies the binary from out of the cache directory
+    if [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/arm64" ]; then ARCH=aarch64; \
     elif [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/amd64" ]; then ARCH=x86_64; fi; \
-    cp target/$ARCH-unknown-linux-gnu/release/$TARGETBINARY target/release/
+    cp target/$ARCH-unknown-linux-gnu/release/$TARGETBINARY release/;
 
 FROM debian:bookworm-slim
 ARG TARGETBINARY
@@ -107,6 +81,6 @@ RUN \
     apt install -y wget ca-certificates; \
     apt-get clean; \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*;
-COPY --from=builder /build/target/release/$TARGETBINARY /usr/local/bin/$TARGETBINARY
+COPY --from=builder /build/release/$TARGETBINARY /usr/local/bin/$TARGETBINARY
 RUN ln -s /usr/local/bin/$TARGETBINARY /usr/local/bin/entrypoint
 ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/entrypoint"]