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Updates to introduction, about, and credits
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Finished writing Introduction to manuscript and revised About and Credits pages
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---
# About

Early modern English people were avid collectors of medieval manuscripts filled with
centuries-old texts related to medicine, astrology, agriculture, or craft manufacture.
_Old Books, New Attitudes_ seeks to understand why early modern readers valued this medieval knowledge,
how generations of readers engaged with these manuscripts over time, and what role these
older books played in the development of the new science through the manuscript collection
of Henry Dyngley (ca. 1515–1598).
As of May 2024, this website features preliminary transcriptions of the first few folios of Trinity
College Cambridge MS O.8.35, a mid-fifteenth century Middle English medical manuscript that was owned by Henry Dyngley (ca. 1515–1589).
These transcriptions were prepared from a digital facsimile created by the librarians at Trinity College. Transcriptions and high-res images of the manuscript are viewable on the [folios]({{<ref "folios" >}}) pages.
To read about Henry Dyngley and this manuscript as part of his collection, visit the [Introduction]({{<ref "introduction" >}}) page.

The first stage of this project, begun in summer 2023,
focuses on Trinity College Cambridge MS O.8.35, which has been full digitized in IIIF format
thanks to the efforts of librarians at the Wren Library, Trinity College Cambridge. The
link to the IIIF manifest is here:
[https://mss-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Manuscript/O.8.35/manifest.json](https://mss-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Manuscript/O.8.35/manifest.json).
Additional information on the manuscript's contents, format, and provenance is available
in the Wren Library's [James Catalogue Online](https://mss-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Manuscript/O.8.35).


This website was developed in a Hugo environment through GitHub Pages using the repository
[dyngleyfamily-editioncrafter-website](https://github.com/cu-mkp/dyngleyfamily-editioncrafter-website).


The data and metadata generated from the manuscript transcriptions and annotations
are held in a separate GitHub repository [dyngleyfamily-editioncrafter-data](https://github.com/cu-mkp/dyngleyfamily-editioncrafter-data/tree/main). The two repositories are linked to one another with EditionCrafter, a publication tool for digital critical editions under development by the [Making and Knowing Project](https://makingandknowing.org/) (M&K), [Performant Software Solutions](https://www.performantsoftware.com/), and a number of case-study collaborators.

EditionCrafter, under development (2022-2024), is designed to be an open-source, customizable
The preliminary transcriptions of TCC MS O.8.35 were completed by Melissa Reynolds in the summer of 2023
as one of several trial projects associated with the development of EditionCrafter,
a publication tool for digital critical editions under development by the
[Making and Knowing Project](https://makingandknowing.org/) (M&K), [Performant Software Solutions](https://www.performantsoftware.com/),
and a number of case-study collaborators. EditionCrafter, under development (2022-2024), is designed to be an open-source, customizable
publishing tool that will allow users to deploy their own texts, data, and commentary as
low-maintenance digital critical editions. It will enable the creation of static sites that
rely on basic well-established technologies and workflows to address issues of longevity,
maintenance, sustainability, and cost. For more about this work, see the NSF award
announcement: [Crafting an Open Source Digital Publication Tool for the History of Science](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2218218&HistoricalAwards=false).
announcement: [Crafting an Open Source Digital Publication Tool for the History of Science](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2218218&HistoricalAwards=false).


The data and metadata generated from the manuscript transcriptions and annotations available on this site
are available in the GitHub repository [dyngleyfamily-editioncrafter-data](https://github.com/cu-mkp/dyngleyfamily-editioncrafter-data/tree/main).
This website runs in a Hugo environment on GitHub Pages from the repository [dyngleyfamily-editioncrafter-website](https://github.com/cu-mkp/dyngleyfamily-editioncrafter-website), based
on a template created for the publication of *[Secrets of Craft and Nature. A Digital Critical Edition of BnF Ms. Fr. 640](https://edition640.makingandknowing.org/#/)*
by the Making and Knowing Project.

This project builds upon the publication of *[Secrets of Craft and Nature. A Digital Critical Edition of BnF Ms. Fr. 640](https://edition640.makingandknowing.org/#/)*
by the Making and Knowing Project. The underlying software developed for *Secrets of Craft and Nature* will serve as the starting point for EditionCrafter.
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---

Project lead: Melissa Reynolds, Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow, Wolf Humanities Center, University of Pennsylvania
## Transcriptions and Annotations

Contact: [mbreyn(at)sas.upenn.edu](mailto:[email protected])
**Transcriptions:** Melissa Reynolds, Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow, Wolf Humanities Center, University of Pennsylvania; [mbreyn(at)sas.upenn.edu](mailto:[email protected])

Student researchers coming soon!
**Digital Facsimile:** High-res images provided by the librarians at the Wren Library, Trinity College Cambridge in IIIF Format;
[IIIF Manifest](https://mss-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Manuscript/O.8.35/manifest.json)

## EditionCrafter Platform Development

**Lead Developer:** Nicholas Laiacona, Performant Software Solutions

**Making and Knowing Team:** Pamela H. Smith, Seth Low Professor of History, Columbia University
Naomi Rosenkranz, Associate Director of the Center for Science and Society, Columbia University
Terry Catapano, University of California, Berkeley

To learn more about EditionCrafter, visit [editioncrafter.org](https://editioncrafter.org).
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---

## Collecting Medical Knowledge Across Generations

Historians of science agree that something pivotal happened in England in the latter
decades of the sixteenth century, as medieval theories about the body or the natural
world diminished in the face of new discoveries, new ideas, and a new experimental method.
And yet, the reading habits of sixteenth-century English artisans, bureaucrats, merchants,
and farmers tell a different story, one that this project seeks to explore. Early modern
English people were avid collectors of medieval manuscripts filled with centuries-old texts
related to medicine, astrology, agriculture, or craft manufacture. _Old Books, New Attitudes_
seeks to understand why early modern readers valued this medieval knowledge; how generations
of readers engaged with these manuscripts over time; and what role these older books played
in the development of the new medical sciences.
related to medicine, astrology, agriculture, or craft manufacture.

_Old Books, New Attitudes_ seeks to understand why early modern readers collected medieval medical and scientific knowledge in old manuscripts,
how generations of readers engaged with these manuscripts over time, and what role these
older books played in the development of new epistemologies associated with the scientific revolution.

The first stage of the project focuses on Trinity College Cambridge MS O.8.35, a later
fifteenth-century guide to medical practice and one of at least five Middle English medical
Expand All @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ over time. If the prototype edition of TCC MS O.8.35 is a success, _Old Books, N
will incorporate student researchers and produce digital editions of Dyngley’s other
medieval manuscripts with the goal of reconstructing Dyngley’s library, and by extension,
the sources he mined as author of Wellcome MS 244, a huge compendium of medical, alchemical,
and meteorological knowledge.
and meteorological knowledge.

The aim of the project is to reconstruct the intergenerational transference of medical and
scientific knowledge in books, and to show how medieval sources played an important role
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## About Trinity College Cambridge MS O.8.35

Trinity College Cambridge MS O.8.35 (hereafter TCC MS O.8.35) has the second oldest dated reader mark of the manuscripts
we can securely place in his collection. It was created sometime in the mid-fifteenth century along with
its companion, Bodleian Library MS Add. B.60. The material composition and format of TCC MS
O.8.45 suggests that it was copied by a professional scribe, as its pages are
we can securely place in his collection. The first of Henry's marks appears on what was once the verso of the
front cover of the manuscript, now [front flyleaf 4v]({{<ref "folios" >}}). On that page, he composed a key or glossary to help
him identify or remember apothecaries' symbols for a pound, an ounce, a dram, a scruple, and a grain.
Underneath that table of weights and measures, he left a signature with a date: "1554, the first
year of Philip and second year of Mary's reign, the 22nd of March." Then, at the close of the manuscript, on the recto of folios 126 and 127,
Henry added another signature and date,
"anno christo 1557 I wryght the xxx daye of maye" as well as place name: "Adyngton
in Buckingegam shere."

In between these signatures, the contents of TCC MS O.8.35 are medical in nature, and they
match exactly the contents of another mid-fifteenth-century Middle English manuscript, Bodleian
MS Add. B.60. In fact, not only are the contents of these two manuscripts identical, their formats are
identical, too. Both manuscripts were composed on quarto-sized parchment in a neat and professional
cursive script known as Secretary hand. The [catalogue entry](https://mss-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Manuscript/O.8.35) for Dyngley's manuscript, TCC MS O.8.35,
states that the manuscript has 127 pages and four flyleaves, roughly 215 mm high by 155 mm wide.

![First page of TCC MS O.8.35, which contains the incipit "Here begynnyth a tretys of al maner of infirmitees"](https://mss-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk:8183/iiif/2/O.8.35%2F017_O.8.35_f001r.jp2/full/1000,1369/0/default.jpg)

*First page of TCC MS O.8.35, which contains the incipit "Here begynnyth a tretys of al maner of infirmitees"
and three recipes, all written in a professional Secretary script; Credit: MS O.8.35, Trinity College Cambridge Library, CC-BY-NC 4.0*
*First page of TCC MS O.8.35, featuring the incipt of the medical recipe collection and three recipes, copied in a
neat and professional Secretary hand; Credit: MS O.8.35, Trinity College Cambridge Library, CC-BY-NC 4.0*

The contents of these 127 pages are as follows:
* "Here begynneth a treatys of al manere of infirmitees of mannys body": medical recipes for various ailments, organized *a capite ad calcem*, or, from head to foot (ff. 1–52r)
* a brief treatise on diagnosing a patient based on the color of their urine (ff. 52v–57r)
* a short treatise on astrology and bloodletting, which may be an adaptation of the introduction to the thirteenth-century English physician Gilbertus
Anglicus's *Compendium medicinae* (ff. 57v–59r)
* a treatise on the four humors (ff. 59r–62v)
* a treatise on the four elements and the four ages (ff. 63r-65v)
* a short section on how to write weights and measures (f. 65v)
* a treatise on the signs and their relationship to the four humours and elements (ff. 65v-69v)
* a treatise on the names of the astrological signs and their relationship to Biblical narratives (ff. 69v-70v)
* "This table tellith of digestives symple & compound of every humour that is to say of colere, fleme, and melancolie": medicines for the parts of the body arranged by simple and then compound (ff. 70v-83v)
* "Here folewen the entraailes of man and medicines also for certeyn parties of a mannys body" (ff. 85r-87v)
* "Here folewen now after trew and proved medicynes good and prophetable cures for dyverse infirmitees, grevaunces, and siknesse of mannys or womannes or childes body" (ff. 87v-112r)
* a few Latin recipes (ff. 112r-122v)
* a few recipes in English (ff. 122v-124r)
* recipes added in later xv and xvi c. hands (ff. 124v-125v)

Visit the [folios]({{<ref "folios" >}}) page to read transcriptions of these recipes alongside a digital facsimile of the manuscript.


This open-access critical edition is only possible
thanks to the digitization efforts of the librarians at Trinity College. TCC MS O.8.35 has
been digitized in IIIF format; the link to the IIIF manifest is here:
[https://mss-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Manuscript/O.8.35/manifest.json](https://mss-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Manuscript/O.8.35/manifest.json).
Additional information on the manuscript's contents, format, and provenance is available
in the Wren Library's [James Catalogue Online](https://mss-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Manuscript/O.8.35).


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