Join filter queries using Intersect and Union

engine/src/androidTest/java/com/google/android/fhir/db/impl/DatabaseImplTest.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2023-2024 Google LLC
+ * Copyright 2023-2025 Google LLC
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -2530,6 +2530,92 @@ class DatabaseImplTest {
     assertThat(result.map { it.resource.logicalId }).containsExactly("100").inOrder()
   }
 
+  @Test
+  fun search_patient_with_given_disjoint_and_has_diabetes() {
+    runBlocking {
+      val jane =
+        Patient().apply {
+          id = "jane-001"
+          addName(
+            HumanName().apply {
+              addGiven("Jane")
+              family = "Doe"
+            },
+          )
+        }
+      val john =
+        Patient().apply {
+          id = "john-001"
+          addName(
+            HumanName().apply {
+              addGiven("John")
+              family = "Doe"
+            },
+          )
+        }
+      val jade =
+        Patient().apply {
+          id = "jade-001"
+          addName(
+            HumanName().apply {
+              addGiven("Jade")
+              family = "Doe"
+            },
+          )
+        }
+
+      val diabetes1 =
+        Condition().apply {
+          subject = Reference("Patient/${jane.logicalId}")
+          code = CodeableConcept(Coding("http://snomed.info/sct", "44054006", "Diabetes"))
+        }
+      val diabetes2 =
+        Condition().apply {
+          subject = Reference("Patient/${john.logicalId}")
+          code = CodeableConcept(Coding("http://snomed.info/sct", "44054006", "Diabetes"))
+        }
+      val diabetes3 =
+        Condition().apply {
+          subject = Reference("Patient/${jade.logicalId}")
+          code = CodeableConcept(Coding("http://snomed.info/sct", "44054006", "Diabetes"))
+        }
+      database.insert(jane, jade, john, diabetes1, diabetes2, diabetes3)
+
+      val result =
+        database.search<Patient>(
+          Search(ResourceType.Patient)
+            .apply {
+              has<Condition>(Condition.SUBJECT) {
+                filter(
+                  Condition.CODE,
+                  { value = of(Coding("http://snomed.info/sct", "44054006", "Diabetes")) },
+                )
+              }
+
+              filter(
+                Patient.GIVEN,
+                {
+                  value = "John"
+                  modifier = StringFilterModifier.MATCHES_EXACTLY
+                },
+              )
+
+              filter(
+                Patient.GIVEN,
+                {
+                  value = "Jane"
+                  modifier = StringFilterModifier.MATCHES_EXACTLY
+                },
+              )
+              operation = Operation.OR
+            }
+            .getQuery(),
+        )
+
+      assertThat(result.map { it.resource.logicalId }).containsExactly("jane-001", "john-001")
+    }
+  }
+
   @Test
   fun search_patient_return_single_patient_who_has_diabetic_careplan() = runBlocking {
     val patient =
@@ -2723,78 +2809,79 @@ class DatabaseImplTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  fun test_search_multiple_param_disjunction_covid_immunization_records() = runBlocking {
-    val resources =
-      listOf(
-        Immunization().apply {
-          id = "immunization-1"
-          vaccineCode =
-            CodeableConcept(
-              Coding(
-                "http://id.who.int/icd11/mms",
-                "XM1NL1",
-                "COVID-19 vaccine, inactivated virus",
-              ),
-            )
-          status = Immunization.ImmunizationStatus.COMPLETED
-        },
-        Immunization().apply {
-          id = "immunization-2"
-          vaccineCode =
-            CodeableConcept(
-              Coding(
-                "http://id.who.int/icd11/mms",
-                "XM5DF6",
-                "COVID-19 vaccine, live attenuated virus",
-              ),
-            )
-          status = Immunization.ImmunizationStatus.COMPLETED
-        },
-        Immunization().apply {
-          id = "immunization-3"
-          vaccineCode =
-            CodeableConcept(
-              Coding("http://id.who.int/icd11/mms", "XM6AT1", "COVID-19 vaccine, DNA based"),
-            )
-          status = Immunization.ImmunizationStatus.COMPLETED
-        },
-        Immunization().apply {
-          id = "immunization-4"
-          vaccineCode =
-            CodeableConcept(
-              Coding(
-                "http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/cvx",
-                "140",
-                "Influenza, seasonal, injectable, preservative free",
-              ),
-            )
-          status = Immunization.ImmunizationStatus.COMPLETED
-        },
-      )
+  fun test_search_multiple_param_disjunction_covid_immunization_records() {
+    runBlocking {
+      val resources =
+        listOf(
+          Immunization().apply {
+            id = "immunization-1"
+            vaccineCode =
+              CodeableConcept(
+                Coding(
+                  "http://id.who.int/icd11/mms",
+                  "XM1NL1",
+                  "COVID-19 vaccine, inactivated virus",
+                ),
+              )
+            status = Immunization.ImmunizationStatus.COMPLETED
+          },
+          Immunization().apply {
+            id = "immunization-2"
+            vaccineCode =
+              CodeableConcept(
+                Coding(
+                  "http://id.who.int/icd11/mms",
+                  "XM5DF6",
+                  "COVID-19 vaccine, live attenuated virus",
+                ),
+              )
+            status = Immunization.ImmunizationStatus.COMPLETED
+          },
+          Immunization().apply {
+            id = "immunization-3"
+            vaccineCode =
+              CodeableConcept(
+                Coding("http://id.who.int/icd11/mms", "XM6AT1", "COVID-19 vaccine, DNA based"),
+              )
+            status = Immunization.ImmunizationStatus.COMPLETED
+          },
+          Immunization().apply {
+            id = "immunization-4"
+            vaccineCode =
+              CodeableConcept(
+                Coding(
+                  "http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/cvx",
+                  "140",
+                  "Influenza, seasonal, injectable, preservative free",
+                ),
+              )
+            status = Immunization.ImmunizationStatus.COMPLETED
+          },
+        )
 
-    database.insert(*resources.toTypedArray())
+      database.insert(*resources.toTypedArray())
 
-    val result =
-      database.search<Immunization>(
-        Search(ResourceType.Immunization)
-          .apply {
-            filter(
-              Immunization.VACCINE_CODE,
-              { value = of(Coding("http://id.who.int/icd11/mms", "XM1NL1", "")) },
-            )
+      val result =
+        database.search<Immunization>(
+          Search(ResourceType.Immunization)
+            .apply {
+              filter(
+                Immunization.VACCINE_CODE,
+                { value = of(Coding("http://id.who.int/icd11/mms", "XM1NL1", "")) },
+              )
 
-            filter(
-              Immunization.VACCINE_CODE,
-              { value = of(Coding("http://id.who.int/icd11/mms", "XM5DF6", "")) },
-            )
-            operation = Operation.OR
-          }
-          .getQuery(),
-      )
+              filter(
+                Immunization.VACCINE_CODE,
+                { value = of(Coding("http://id.who.int/icd11/mms", "XM5DF6", "")) },
+              )
+              operation = Operation.OR
+            }
+            .getQuery(),
+        )
 
-    assertThat(result.map { it.resource.vaccineCode.codingFirstRep.code })
-      .containsExactly("XM1NL1", "XM5DF6")
-      .inOrder()
+      assertThat(result.map { it.resource.vaccineCode.codingFirstRep.code })
+        .containsExactly("XM1NL1", "XM5DF6")
+    }
   }
 
   @Test

engine/src/main/java/com/google/android/fhir/search/MoreSearch.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2023-2024 Google LLC
+ * Copyright 2023-2025 Google LLC
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -364,17 +364,13 @@ internal fun Search.getQuery(
   val sortArgs = join.args
 
   val filterQuery = getFilterQueries()
-  val filterQueryStatement =
-    filterQuery.joinToString(separator = "${operation.logicalOperator} ") {
-      //  spotless:off
-    """
-      a.resourceUuid IN (
-      ${it.query}
-      )
-
-      """.trimIndent()
-    //  spotless:on
+  val filterQueryJoinOperator =
+    when (operation) {
+      Operation.OR -> "\nUNION\n"
+      Operation.AND -> "\nINTERSECT\n"
     }
+  val filterQueryStatement =
+    filterQuery.joinToString(separator = filterQueryJoinOperator) { it.query.trimIndent() }
   val filterQueryArgs = filterQuery.flatMap { it.args }
 
   var limitStatement = ""
@@ -398,8 +394,14 @@ internal fun Search.getQuery(
   val filterStatement =
     listOf(filterQueryStatement, nestedQueryFilterStatement)
       .filter { it.isNotBlank() }
-      .joinToString(separator = " AND ")
-      .ifBlank { "a.resourceType = ?" }
+      .joinToString(separator = "\nINTERSECT\n")
+      .takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
+      ?.let { """a.resourceUuid IN (
+          $it
+          )
+          """ }
+      ?: "a.resourceType = ?"
+
   val filterArgs = (filterQueryArgs + nestedQueryFilterArgs).ifEmpty { listOf(type.name) }
 
   val whereArgs = mutableListOf<Any>()

engine/src/main/java/com/google/android/fhir/search/NestedSearch.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2022-2024 Google LLC
+ * Copyright 2022-2025 Google LLC
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -214,15 +214,20 @@ internal fun List<NestedSearch>.nestedQuery(
   return if (isEmpty()) {
     null
   } else {
+    val filterJoinOperator =
+      when (operation) {
+        Operation.OR -> "\nUNION\n"
+        Operation.AND -> "\nINTERSECT\n"
+      }
+
     map { it.nestedQuery(type) }
       .let { searchQueries ->
         SearchQuery(
           query =
             searchQueries.joinToString(
-              prefix = "a.resourceUuid IN ",
-              separator = " ${operation.logicalOperator} a.resourceUuid IN",
+              separator = " $filterJoinOperator",
             ) { searchQuery ->
-              "(\n${searchQuery.query}\n) "
+              "\n${searchQuery.query}\n"
             },
           args = searchQueries.flatMap { it.args },
         )