Compiler Design

Welcome to the Compiler Design Implementation repository! This collection of projects explores the fundamental concepts of lexical/semantic/syntax analysis,compiler construction, code generation, optimization, and parallel processing. Each module is designed to provide hands-on experience with essential compiler components, from lexical analysis to intermediate code generation, and optimizations to parallel computing techniques.

Overview

This repository is structured to simulate the stages of compilation, illustrating how code is processed, transformed, and optimized. Each module focuses on a specific aspect of compiler design or parallel computing, and the projects are implemented in C for performance and low-level control.This project serves as a learning resource, providing practical examples and modular code that illustrate each stage of the compilation process.

Project Modules

1. Lexical Analyzer

The lexical analyzer is the first phase in the compilation process, responsible for breaking down input code into tokens that represent keywords, operators, identifiers, and other elements.

• Tokenization: Identifies and classifies keywords, operators, identifiers, and literals.
• Symbol Table: Creates and manages a symbol table to store variables, function names, and other identifiers.
• RE to DFA: Converts regular expressions into a Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) for efficient pattern matching.

2. Syntax Analyzer

The syntax analyzer, or parser, constructs parse trees based on grammar rules to ensure the input code's syntactic correctness.

• Parse Tree Construction: Builds parse trees and validates code syntax using predefined grammar rules.
• Grammar Transformation: Eliminates left factoring and left recursion in the grammar to simplify parsing.
• Parser Implementations: Implements commonly used parsers, such as LL(1), SLR, and LALR parsers.

3. Semantic Analyzer

The semantic analyzer checks for semantic consistency in the code, linking syntax to meaning with translation schemes.

• Syntax-Directed Definitions: Applies syntax-directed definitions for associating semantic actions with grammar rules.
• Translation Schemes: Implements translation schemes, including L-attributed syntax for managing evaluation order.
• Arithmetic Translator: Constructs a syntax-directed translator for simple arithmetic expressions.

4. Intermediate Code Generation

Intermediate code generation transforms high-level source code into an intermediate form, bridging the gap between source code and machine code.

• Three-Address Code: Generates three-address code for expressions and control flow statements.
• Syntax Tree and Back Patching: Converts syntax trees to intermediate code and uses back patching for jump statements.
• Switch Case Representation: Implements intermediate code for switch-case structures.

5. Code Optimization

Code optimization improves the efficiency of the intermediate code without altering program functionality.

• Optimization Principles: Demonstrates common sources of optimization for improving code performance.
• Peephole Optimization: Uses peephole optimization techniques to refine and simplify intermediate code.
• Virtual Machine Code Generator: Implements a naïve code generator for a virtual machine, showcasing machine-independent optimizations.

6. Code Generation

The code generation phase produces final code, preparing it for execution on a specific machine.

• Basic Code Generation: Implements register allocation and next-use analysis for efficient resource management.
• Activation Record Simulation: Simulates stack frames and activation records for handling function calls and recursion.
• Runtime Simulation: Generates intermediate code and simulates a runtime environment.

7. Parallelism

The parallelism module explores concepts in parallel computing to enhance performance and efficiency in computational tasks.

• Parallel Array Processing: Implements parallel processing using Pthreads and vectorization for optimized array operations.
• Cache-Optimized Matrix Multiplication: Applies cache optimization techniques and parallel processing for efficient matrix multiplication.
• DSL Interpreter with Instruction Scheduling: Develops a basic DSL interpreter with instruction scheduling to simulate software pipelining.

Purpose

This project is intended for educational purposes, particularly for students and enthusiasts learning about compiler construction. By understanding the flow of a compiler, you will gain insights into how programming languages are processed, compiled, and translated into executable code.

Getting Started

Prerequisites

To run these projects, you need:

• C Compiler (GCC or Clang recommended)
• Make (for building projects, if Makefiles are included)
• POSIX Threads Library (for parallelism projects)

Installation

1. Clone the repository to your local machine:

   git clone https://github.com/m4YnK-7/Compiler-Design.git

2. Navigate to the project directory:

   cd Compiler-Design

3. Follow the setup instructions for any dependencies if needed.

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! If you’d like to add new features, fix bugs, or improve documentation, please fork the repository and open a pull request.

1. Fork the repository
2. Create a new branch (git checkout -b feature-branch)
3. Commit your changes (git commit -am 'Add new feature')
4. Push to the branch (git push origin feature-branch)
5. Open a pull request

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for details.

Acknowledgments

• Compiler construction and parallelism concepts were explored as part of learning and practice.
• Special thanks to the open-source community and academic resources for guidance.