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docs: Update for 4.5.3 release on 3/4/2024.
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.. currentmodule:: machine | ||
.. _machine.CAN: | ||
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class CAN -- controller area network communication bus | ||
====================================================== | ||
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**THIS MODULE EXISTS TO PROVIDE CAN SUPPORT FOR THE OPENMV CAM RT1062 AND WILL BE REMOVED | ||
ONCE MICROPYTHON PROVIDES A STANDARD MACHINE CAN MODULE. THIS MODULE IS A COPY OF THE | ||
PYB.CAN MODULE FOR THE STM32.** | ||
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CAN implements support for classic CAN controllers. | ||
At the physical level CAN bus consists of 2 lines: RX and TX. Note that to connect the board to a | ||
CAN bus you must use a CAN transceiver to convert the CAN logic signals from the board to the correct | ||
voltage levels on the bus. | ||
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Example usage for classic CAN controller in Loopback (transceiver-less) mode:: | ||
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from machine import CAN | ||
can = CAN(0, CAN.LOOPBACK) | ||
can.setfilter(0, CAN.DUAL, 0, (123, 124)) # set a filter to receive messages with id=123 and 124 | ||
can.send('message!', 123) # send a message with id 123 | ||
can.recv(0) # receive message on FIFO 0 | ||
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The following CAN module functions and their arguments are available | ||
for classic CAN controllers, unless otherwise stated. | ||
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Constructors | ||
------------ | ||
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.. class:: CAN(bus, ...) | ||
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Construct a CAN object on the given bus. *bus* can be 0. | ||
With no additional parameters, the CAN object is created but not | ||
initialised (it has the settings from the last initialisation of | ||
the bus, if any). If extra arguments are given, the bus is initialised. | ||
See :meth:`CAN.init` for parameters of initialisation. | ||
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The physical pins of the CAN buses are: | ||
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- ``CAN(0)``: ``(RX, TX) = (P3, P1)`` | ||
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Methods | ||
------- | ||
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.. method:: CAN.init(mode, *, auto_restart=False, baudrate=0) | ||
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Initialise the CAN bus with the given parameters: | ||
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- *mode* is one of: NORMAL, LOOPBACK, SILENT, SILENT_LOOPBACK | ||
- *auto_restart* sets whether the controller will automatically try and restart | ||
communications after entering the bus-off state; if this is disabled then | ||
:meth:`~CAN.restart()` can be used to leave the bus-off state | ||
- *baudrate* sets the baudrate used to connect to the CAN bus | ||
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.. method:: CAN.deinit() | ||
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Turn off the CAN bus. | ||
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.. method:: CAN.restart() | ||
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Force a software restart of the CAN controller without resetting its | ||
configuration. | ||
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If the controller enters the bus-off state then it will no longer participate | ||
in bus activity. If the controller is not configured to automatically restart | ||
(see :meth:`~CAN.init()`) then this method can be used to trigger a restart, | ||
and the controller will follow the CAN protocol to leave the bus-off state and | ||
go into the error active state. | ||
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.. method:: CAN.state() | ||
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Return the state of the controller. The return value can be one of: | ||
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- ``CAN.STOPPED`` -- the controller is completely off and reset; | ||
- ``CAN.ERROR_ACTIVE`` -- the controller is on and in the Error Active state | ||
(both TEC and REC are less than 96); | ||
- ``CAN.ERROR_WARNING`` -- the controller is on and in the Error Warning state | ||
(at least one of TEC or REC is 96 or greater); | ||
- ``CAN.ERROR_PASSIVE`` -- the controller is on and in the Error Passive state | ||
(at least one of TEC or REC is 128 or greater); | ||
- ``CAN.BUS_OFF`` -- the controller is on but not participating in bus activity | ||
(TEC overflowed beyond 255). | ||
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.. method:: CAN.info([list]) | ||
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Get information about the controller's error states and TX and RX buffers. | ||
If *list* is provided then it should be a list object with at least 8 entries, | ||
which will be filled in with the information. Otherwise a new list will be | ||
created and filled in. In both cases the return value of the method is the | ||
populated list. | ||
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The values in the list are: | ||
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- TEC value | ||
- REC value | ||
- number of times the controller enterted the Error Warning state (wrapped | ||
around to 0 after 65535) | ||
- number of times the controller enterted the Error Passive state (wrapped | ||
around to 0 after 65535) | ||
- number of times the controller enterted the Bus Off state (wrapped | ||
around to 0 after 65535) | ||
- number of pending TX messages | ||
- number of pending RX messages on fifo 0 | ||
- always 0 | ||
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.. method:: CAN.setfilter(bank, mode, fifo, params, *, rtr, extframe=False) | ||
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Configure a filter bank: | ||
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- *bank* is the classic CAN controller filter bank to configure. | ||
- *mode* is the mode the filter should operate in, see the tables below. | ||
- *fifo* is which fifo (0) a message should be stored in, if it is accepted by this filter. | ||
- *params* is an array of values the defines the filter. The contents of the array depends on the *mode* argument. | ||
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+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
|*mode* |Contents of *params* array for classic CAN controller | | ||
+===========+=========================================================+ | ||
|CAN.LIST32 |Two 32 bit ids that will be accepted | | ||
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
|CAN.DUAL |Two ids that will be accepted. For example (1, 2) | | ||
+-----------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | ||
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- *rtr* For classic CAN controllers, this is an array of booleans that states if | ||
a filter should accept a remote transmission request message. If this argument | ||
is not given then it defaults to ``False`` for all entries. The length of the | ||
array depends on the *mode* argument. | ||
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+-----------+----------------------+ | ||
|*mode* |length of *rtr* array | | ||
+===========+======================+ | ||
|CAN.LIST32 |2 | | ||
+-----------+----------------------+ | ||
|CAN.DUAL |2 | | ||
+-----------+----------------------+ | ||
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- *extframe* If True the frame will have an extended identifier (29 bits), | ||
otherwise a standard identifier (11 bits) is used. | ||
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.. method:: CAN.clearfilter(bank, extframe=False) | ||
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Clear and disables a filter bank: | ||
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- *bank* is the classic CAN controller filter bank to clear. | ||
- *extframe* ignored | ||
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.. method:: CAN.any(fifo) | ||
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Return ``True`` if any message waiting on the FIFO, else ``False``. | ||
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.. method:: CAN.recv(fifo, list=None, *, timeout=5000) | ||
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Receive data on the bus: | ||
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- *fifo* is an integer, which is the FIFO to receive on - always 0 | ||
- *list* is an optional list object to be used as the return value | ||
- *timeout* is the timeout in milliseconds to wait for the receive. | ||
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Return value: A tuple containing five values. | ||
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- The id of the message. | ||
- A boolean that indicates if the message ID is standard or extended. | ||
- A boolean that indicates if the message is an RTR message. | ||
- The FMI (Filter Match Index) value. | ||
- An array containing the data. | ||
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If *list* is ``None`` then a new tuple will be allocated, as well as a new | ||
bytes object to contain the data (as the fifth element in the tuple). | ||
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If *list* is not ``None`` then it should be a list object with a least five | ||
elements. The fifth element should be a memoryview object which is created | ||
from either a bytearray or an array of type 'B' or 'b', and this array must | ||
have enough room for at least 8 bytes. The list object will then be | ||
populated with the first four return values above, and the memoryview object | ||
will be resized inplace to the size of the data and filled in with that data. | ||
The same list and memoryview objects can be reused in subsequent calls to | ||
this method, providing a way of receiving data without using the heap. | ||
For example:: | ||
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buf = bytearray(8) | ||
lst = [0, 0, 0, 0, memoryview(buf)] | ||
# No heap memory is allocated in the following call | ||
can.recv(0, lst) | ||
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.. method:: CAN.send(data, id, *, timeout=0, rtr=False, extframe=False) | ||
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Send a message on the bus: | ||
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- *data* is the data to send (an integer to send, or a buffer object). | ||
- *id* is the id of the message to be sent. | ||
- *timeout* is the timeout in milliseconds to wait for the send. | ||
- *rtr* is a boolean that specifies if the message shall be sent as | ||
a remote transmission request. If *rtr* is True then only the length | ||
of *data* is used to fill in the DLC slot of the frame; the actual | ||
bytes in *data* are unused. | ||
- *extframe* if True the frame will have an extended identifier (29 bits), | ||
otherwise a standard identifier (11 bits) is used. | ||
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If timeout is 0 the message is placed in a buffer and the method returns immediately. | ||
If all three buffers are in use an exception is thrown. If timeout is not 0, | ||
the method waits until the message is transmitted. If the message can't be transmitted | ||
within the specified time an exception is thrown. | ||
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Return value: ``None``. | ||
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.. method:: CAN.rxcallback(fifo, fun) | ||
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Register a function to be called when a message is accepted into a empty fifo: | ||
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- *fifo* is the receiving fifo - always 0. | ||
- *fun* is the function to be called when the fifo becomes non empty. | ||
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The callback function takes two arguments the first is the can object it self the second is | ||
a integer that indicates the reason for the callback. | ||
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+--------+------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| Reason | | | ||
+========+================================================+ | ||
| 0 | A message has been accepted into a empty FIFO. | | ||
+--------+------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| 1 | The FIFO is full | | ||
+--------+------------------------------------------------+ | ||
| 2 | A message has been lost due to a full FIFO | | ||
+--------+------------------------------------------------+ | ||
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Example use of rxcallback:: | ||
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def cb0(bus, reason): | ||
print('cb0') | ||
if reason == 0: | ||
print('pending') | ||
if reason == 1: | ||
print('full') | ||
if reason == 2: | ||
print('overflow') | ||
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can = CAN(0, CAN.LOOPBACK) | ||
can.rxcallback(0, cb0) | ||
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Constants | ||
--------- | ||
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.. data:: CAN.NORMAL | ||
CAN.LOOPBACK | ||
CAN.SILENT | ||
CAN.SILENT_LOOPBACK | ||
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The mode of the CAN bus used in :meth:`~CAN.init()`. | ||
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.. data:: CAN.STOPPED | ||
CAN.ERROR_ACTIVE | ||
CAN.ERROR_WARNING | ||
CAN.ERROR_PASSIVE | ||
CAN.BUS_OFF | ||
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Possible states of the CAN controller returned from :meth:`~CAN.state()`. | ||
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.. data:: CAN.LIST32 | ||
CAN.DUAL | ||
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The operation mode of a filter used in :meth:`~CAN.setfilter()` for classic CAN. |
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