chore: enhance dev env for improved UV usage

[yasuhito]

✍ Description

This pull request updates the devcontainer.json to enhance the development environment for more efficient use of UV. The following changes have been made:

Build Configuration:

• Updated the Docker build context and Dockerfile path.
• Set build arguments for UV_VERSION and DEBIAN_VERSION.

Features:

• Added Hadolint for Dockerfile linting.

VSCode Customizations:

• Included a set of useful extensions such as charliermarsh.ruff, exiasr.hadolint, ms-python.python, and others to improve the development workflow.

Environment Variables:

• Configured environment variables like DISPLAY, PYTHONUNBUFFERED, UV_LINK_MODE, UV_PROJECT_ENVIRONMENT, and VIRTUAL_ENV to ensure proper setup and execution.

Post-Create Command:

• Added a post-create command uv sync --frozen to synchronize the environment after container creation.

Remote User:

• Set the remote user to vscode for consistent user experience.

These updates aim to streamline the development process and ensure a robust setup for working with UV.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

[snuffkin]

LGTM!