Merge branch 'master' into ZNE_get_noisy_circuit

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ repos:
       - id: check-yaml
       - id: debug-statements
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 24.4.2
+    rev: 24.8.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
   - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ repos:
       - id: isort
         args: ["--profile", "black"]
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.16.0
+    rev: v3.17.0
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
   - repo: https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln

README.md

@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ To get in touch with the community and the developers, consider joining the Qibo
 
 [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/matrix/qibo%3Amatrix.org?logo=matrix)](https://matrix.to/#/#qibo:matrix.org)
 
+If you have a question about the project, please contact us with [📫](mailto:[email protected]).
+
 ## Supporters and collaborators
 
 - Quantum Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute (TII), United Arab Emirates

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
 
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "qibo"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.12"
 description = "A framework for quantum computing with hardware acceleration."
 authors = ["The Qibo team"]
 license = "Apache License 2.0"
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ openqasm3 = { version = ">=0.5.0", extras = ["parser"] }
 numpy = "^1.26.4"
 networkx = "^3.2.1"
 tensorflow = { version = "^2.16.1", markers = "sys_platform == 'linux' or sys_platform == 'darwin'", optional = true }
-torch = { version = "^2.1.1", optional = true }
-qulacs = { version = "^0.6.4", optional = true, markers="(sys_platform == 'darwin' and python_version > '3.9') or sys_platform != 'darwin'"}
+torch = { version = "^2.1.1,<2.4", optional = true }
+qulacs = { version = "^0.6.4", optional = true, markers = "(sys_platform == 'darwin' and python_version > '3.9') or sys_platform != 'darwin'" }
 
 [tool.poetry.group.dev]
 optional = true
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ sphinx-markdown-tables = "^0.0.17"
 sphinx-copybutton = "^0.5.2"
 nbsphinx = "^0.8.12"
 ipython = "^8.10.0"
-qulacs = { version = "^0.6.4", markers="(sys_platform == 'darwin' and python_version > '3.9') or sys_platform != 'darwin'"}
+qulacs = { version = "^0.6.4", markers = "(sys_platform == 'darwin' and python_version > '3.9') or sys_platform != 'darwin'" }
 seaborn = "^0.13.2"
 ipykernel = "^6.29.4"
 qibojit = { git = "https://github.com/qiboteam/qibojit.git" }
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ pytest-cov = "^4.0.0"
 pylint = "3.1.0"
 matplotlib = "^3.7.0"
 tensorflow = { version = "^2.16.1", markers = "sys_platform == 'linux'" }
-torch = "^2.1.1"
+torch = "^2.1.1,<2.4"
 qibojit = { git = "https://github.com/qiboteam/qibojit.git" }
 qibotn = { git = "https://github.com/qiboteam/qibotn.git" }
 stim = "^1.12.0"
-qulacs = { version = "^0.6.4", markers="(sys_platform == 'darwin' and python_version > '3.9') or sys_platform != 'darwin'" }
+qulacs = { version = "^0.6.4", markers = "(sys_platform == 'darwin' and python_version > '3.9') or sys_platform != 'darwin'" }
 
 [tool.poe.tasks]
 test = "pytest"
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ docs-clean = "make -C doc clean"
 test-docs = "make -C doc doctest"
 
 
-
 [tool.poetry.group.cuda11]
 optional = true
 
@@ -112,6 +111,7 @@ qibotn = { git = "https://github.com/qiboteam/qibotn.git" }
 tensorflow = ["tensorflow"]
 torch = ["torch"]
 qinfo = ["stim"]
+qulacs = ["qulacs"]
 
 [tool.pylint.main]
 ignored-modules = ["cvxpy"]

src/qibo/backends/__init__.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 from qibo.config import log, raise_error
 
 QIBO_NATIVE_BACKENDS = ("numpy", "tensorflow", "pytorch", "qulacs")
-QIBO_NON_NATIVE_BACKENDS = ("qibojit", "qibolab", "qibo-cloud-backends", "qibotn")
 
 
 class MetaBackend:
@@ -195,10 +194,10 @@ def _check_backend(backend):
     return backend
 
 
-def list_available_backends() -> dict:
+def list_available_backends(*providers: str) -> dict:
     """Lists all the backends that are available."""
     available_backends = MetaBackend().list_available()
-    for backend in QIBO_NON_NATIVE_BACKENDS:
+    for backend in providers:
         try:
             module = import_module(backend.replace("-", "_"))
             available = getattr(module, "MetaBackend")().list_available()
@@ -210,22 +209,29 @@ def list_available_backends() -> dict:
 
 def construct_backend(backend, **kwargs) -> Backend:
     """Construct a generic native or non-native qibo backend.
+
     Args:
         backend (str): Name of the backend to load.
         kwargs (dict): Additional arguments for constructing the backend.
     Returns:
         qibo.backends.abstract.Backend: The loaded backend.
-
     """
     if backend in QIBO_NATIVE_BACKENDS + ("clifford",):
         return MetaBackend.load(backend, **kwargs)
-    elif backend in QIBO_NON_NATIVE_BACKENDS:
-        module = import_module(backend.replace("-", "_"))
+
+    provider = backend.replace("-", "_")
+    try:
+        module = import_module(provider)
         return getattr(module, "MetaBackend").load(**kwargs)
-    else:
+    except ImportError as e:
+        # pylint: disable=unsupported-membership-test
+        if provider not in e.msg:
+            raise e
         raise_error(
             ValueError,
-            f"Backend {backend} is not available. To check which backends are installed use `qibo.list_available_backends()`.",
+            f"The '{backend}' backends' provider is not available. Check that a Python "
+            f"package named '{provider}' is installed, and it is exposing valid Qibo "
+            "backends.",
         )
 
 

src/qibo/backends/clifford.py

@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ def apply_channel(self, channel, state, nqubits):
         index = self.np.random.choice(
             range(len(probabilities)), size=1, p=probabilities
         )[0]
+        index = int(index)
         if index != len(channel.gates):
             gate = channel.gates[index]
             state = gate.apply_clifford(self, state, nqubits)

src/qibo/backends/numpy.py

@@ -645,9 +645,7 @@ def aggregate_shots(self, shots):
         return self.cast(shots, dtype=shots[0].dtype)
 
     def samples_to_binary(self, samples, nqubits):
-        ### This is faster just staying @ NumPy.
         qrange = np.arange(nqubits - 1, -1, -1, dtype=np.int32)
-        samples = self.to_numpy(samples)
         return np.mod(np.right_shift(samples[:, None], qrange), 2)
 
     def samples_to_decimal(self, samples, nqubits):

src/qibo/gates/gates.py

@@ -821,6 +821,10 @@ def __init__(self, q, phi, trainable=True):
     def qasm_label(self):
         return "gpi2"
 
+    @property
+    def clifford(self):
+        return _is_clifford_given_angle(self.parameters[0])
+
     def _dagger(self) -> "Gate":
         """"""
         return self.__class__(self.target_qubits[0], self.parameters[0] + math.pi)

src/qibo/measurements.py

@@ -167,11 +167,12 @@ def samples(self, binary=True, registers=False):
             # calculate samples for the whole circuit so that
             # individual register samples are registered here
             self.circuit.final_state.samples()
+
         if binary:
             return self._samples
-        else:
-            qubits = self.measurement_gate.target_qubits
-            return self.backend.samples_to_decimal(self._samples, len(qubits))
+
+        qubits = self.measurement_gate.target_qubits
+        return self.backend.samples_to_decimal(self._samples, len(qubits))
 
     def frequencies(self, binary=True, registers=False):
         """Returns the frequencies of measured samples.
@@ -198,8 +199,8 @@ def frequencies(self, binary=True, registers=False):
         if binary:
             qubits = self.measurement_gate.target_qubits
             return frequencies_to_binary(self._frequencies, len(qubits))
-        else:
-            return self._frequencies
+
+        return self._frequencies
 
     def apply_bitflips(self, p0, p1=None):  # pragma: no cover
         return apply_bitflips(self, p0, p1)