Array Metadata (#1985)

The current ArrayMetadata system was put together somewhat quickly and
uses `serde` + Flexbuffers to serialize all metadata.

The end state looks like this:

- [ ] An array has a fixed 8 bytes of metadata. If it needs more, it
should use a buffer (made possible by #1743)
- [ ] Rkyv can optionally be used to help with serde for these bytes.
- [ ] No eager deserialization of metadata is performed, although arrays
should validate metadata in the `ValidateVTable` (see #1979).

To support 8 byte metadata, we need to:
- [ ] Move scalars and scalar values out of metadata (e.g.
ConstantArray)
- [ ] Move shift from FoR into BitPacking (this is a bit cheeky, it's
not strictly necessary, but FoR is then left with a 8-byte PValue for
metadata, and shifting feels like it should live in BitPacking anyway?)
- [ ] All other metadata should easily fit into 8 bytes.

Cargo.toml

@@ -114,10 +114,12 @@ prost-build = "0.13.0"
 prost-types = "0.13.0"
 pyo3 = { version = ">= 0.22", features = ["extension-module", "abi3-py310"] }
 pyo3-log = ">= 0.11"
+rancor = "0.1.0"
 rand = "0.8.5"
 rayon = "1.10.0"
 regex = "1.11.0"
 reqwest = { version = "0.12.0", features = ["blocking"] }
+rkyv = { version = "0.8", features = ["little_endian", "pointer_width_32", "bytecheck"] }
 rstest = "0.24"
 serde = "1.0.197"
 serde_json = "1.0.116"

docs/quickstart.rst

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Vortex array:
    >>> parquet = pq.read_table("_static/example.parquet")
    >>> vtx = vortex.array(parquet)
    >>> vtx.nbytes
-   141069
+   141057
 
 Compress
 ^^^^^^^^
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Use :func:`~vortex.encoding.compress` to compress the Vortex array and check the
 
    >>> cvtx = vortex.compress(vtx)
    >>> cvtx.nbytes
-   16791
+   15888
    >>> cvtx.nbytes / vtx.nbytes
    0.11...
 

encodings/alp/src/alp/array.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use vortex_array::array::PrimitiveArray;
@@ -10,27 +10,22 @@ use vortex_array::validity::{ArrayValidity, LogicalValidity, ValidityVTable};
 use vortex_array::variants::{PrimitiveArrayTrait, VariantsVTable};
 use vortex_array::visitor::{ArrayVisitor, VisitorVTable};
 use vortex_array::{
-    impl_encoding, ArrayDType, ArrayData, ArrayLen, Canonical, IntoArrayData, IntoCanonical,
+    impl_encoding, ArrayDType, ArrayData, ArrayLen, Canonical, DeserializeMetadata, IntoArrayData,
+    IntoCanonical, SerdeMetadata,
 };
 use vortex_dtype::{DType, PType};
 use vortex_error::{vortex_bail, vortex_panic, VortexExpect as _, VortexResult};
 
 use crate::alp::{alp_encode, decompress, Exponents};
 
-impl_encoding!("vortex.alp", ids::ALP, ALP);
+impl_encoding!("vortex.alp", ids::ALP, ALP, SerdeMetadata<ALPMetadata>);
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ALPMetadata {
     pub(crate) exponents: Exponents,
     pub(crate) patches: Option<PatchesMetadata>,
 }
 
-impl Display for ALPMetadata {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        Debug::fmt(self, f)
-    }
-}
-
 impl ALPArray {
     pub fn try_new(
         encoded: ArrayData,
@@ -60,7 +55,7 @@ impl ALPArray {
         Self::try_from_parts(
             dtype,
             length,
-            ALPMetadata { exponents, patches },
+            SerdeMetadata(ALPMetadata { exponents, patches }),
             None,
             Some(children.into()),
             Default::default(),
@@ -75,6 +70,12 @@ impl ALPArray {
         }
     }
 
+    fn metadata(&self) -> ALPMetadata {
+        SerdeMetadata::<ALPMetadata>::deserialize(self.as_ref().metadata_bytes())
+            .vortex_expect("ALPMetadata metadata")
+            .0
+    }
+
     pub fn encoded(&self) -> ArrayData {
         self.as_ref()
             .child(0, &self.encoded_dtype(), self.len())
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ impl StatisticsVTable<ALPArray> for ALPEncoding {}
 mod tests {
     use vortex_array::patches::PatchesMetadata;
     use vortex_array::test_harness::check_metadata;
+    use vortex_array::SerdeMetadata;
     use vortex_dtype::PType;
 
     use crate::{ALPMetadata, Exponents};
@@ -165,13 +167,13 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_alp_metadata() {
         check_metadata(
             "alp.metadata",
-            ALPMetadata {
+            SerdeMetadata(ALPMetadata {
                 patches: Some(PatchesMetadata::new(usize::MAX, PType::U64)),
                 exponents: Exponents {
                     e: u8::MAX,
                     f: u8::MAX,
                 },
-            },
+            }),
         );
     }
 }