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subramen committed Mar 8, 2024
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{{< figure src="../../images/inheritance.jpeg" align="center">}}

The human body itself witnesses many generations of cellular civilizations.
Every single day, it replaces 330 billion cells or 1% of the entire body [<font size=3>_[Our Bodies Replace Billions of Cells Every Day](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/our-bodies-replace-billions-of-cells-every-day/)_]].
Every single day, it replaces 330 billion cells or 1% of the entire body [<font size=3>_[Our Bodies Replace Billions of Cells Every Day](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/our-bodies-replace-billions-of-cells-every-day/)_</font>].
Cells reproduce by splitting their DNA into new daughter-cells, and then die off once they reach their maximum age.

## Cells learn from their experiences
Think of a cell's DNA as a vast cookbook, with each gene being a recipe for a specific protein. As the cell goes through life, it faces different situations and has to react to them. So, it figures out which genes (or recipes) to use to make the right proteins for each situation. This knowledge is stored in the cell's _epigenome_, a kind of cellular diary that remembers which recipes worked best [<font size=3>_[The Epigenome Learns From Its Experiences](https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/memory)_]]. Unlike DNA, which changes slowly and randomly over many generations, the epigenome can change a lot in just one lifetime.
Think of a cell's DNA as a vast cookbook, with each gene being a recipe for a specific protein. As the cell goes through life, it faces different situations and has to react to them. So, it figures out which genes (or recipes) to use to make the right proteins for each situation. This knowledge is stored in the cell's _epigenome_, a kind of cellular diary that remembers which recipes worked best [<font size=3>_[The Epigenome Learns From Its Experiences](https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/memory)_</font>]. Unlike DNA, which changes slowly and randomly over many generations, the epigenome can change a lot in just one lifetime.

{{< figure src="../../images/cell-epigenome-diary.jpeg" align="center">}}

## Cells inherit their parents' experiences
The cellular diary, the epigenome, is shaped by how the cell senses things, how it reacts to those things, and what it thinks will happen next. We used to think that parent cells only passed on their DNA to their offspring, leaving them to start their own diaries. But now we know that the parent's epigenome - the story of their experience - is also passed down. For example, research has shown that children of Holocaust survivors have identical markers in their epigenome as their parents, even though they didn't go through the same traumatic experience [<font size=3>_[Study of Holocaust survivors finds trauma passed on to children's genes](https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/aug/21/study-of-holocaust-survivors-finds-trauma-passed-on-to-childrens-genes)_]. Our cells can carry the echoes of experiences we've never personally lived.
The cellular diary, the epigenome, is shaped by how the cell senses things, how it reacts to those things, and what it thinks will happen next. We used to think that parent cells only passed on their DNA to their offspring, leaving them to start their own diaries. But now we know that the parent's epigenome - the story of their experience - is also passed down. For example, research has shown that children of Holocaust survivors have identical markers in their epigenome as their parents, even though they didn't go through the same traumatic experience [<font size=3>_[Study of Holocaust survivors finds trauma passed on to children's genes](https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/aug/21/study-of-holocaust-survivors-finds-trauma-passed-on-to-childrens-genes)_</font>]. Our cells can carry the echoes of experiences we've never personally lived.

## Our experiences shape our personalities
These echoes can be foundational to what we perceive and how we act. Consider something as simple as eating ice cream. The experience of choosing the flavour, savoring the ice cream, the subsequent delights in the tongue and the brain... all of it is saved in the epigenome. Long after the ice cream is gone, your cells remember the pleasure it brought you.
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Karma is often spoken about in terms of being rewarded or punished in the future for our current deeds. However, the true reward or punishment lies in the very act itself, not just its eventual consequences. Whatever we experience, think, and do alters us at the deepest level of our DNA. While these changes may seem small, they occur instantly and can have lasting effects, shaping our destiny [<font size=3>_see [samskara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samskara_(Indian_philosophy))_</font>]. From this perspective, our actions tangibly shape not only our future but also our present reality. The fruits of our deeds may take time to manifest outwardly, but the seeds are planted within us in the moment we act.

## Science and spirtuality - two sides of the same coin
What the scientist cannot explain objectively, the philosopher will employ logic to debate and the theologian will interpret with myths. The 8th century theologist, philosopher and Vedic scholar Shankara emphatically declared that our future is determined solely by our actions, rejecting the notion of a divine "karma police" keeping score of our deeds. As scientific understanding is catching up, we are starting to see karma not simply as a moral or philosophical idea but a biological reality validated by empirical evidence.

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