Auxilliary code for VD to apply a Bi matrix on a circuit

[khknopp]

Description

Added a function and tests necessary for the new virtual distillation (VD) error mitigation method.

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License

• I license this contribution under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 3 and grant Unitary Fund the right to provide additional permissions as described in section 7 of the GNU GPL, version 3.

Before opening the PR, please ensure you have completed the following where appropriate.

• I added unit tests for new code.
• I used type hints in function signatures.
• I used Google-style docstrings for functions.
• I updated the documentation where relevant.
• Added myself / the copyright holder to the AUTHORS file

[github-actions]

Hello @khknopp, thank you for submitting a PR to Mitiq! We will respond as soon as possible, and if you have any questions in the meantime, you can ask us on the Unitary Fund Discord.

[chrispy-chicken]

test that fails is a zne test for some reason

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 98.74%. Comparing base (4705a43) to head (da5bec8).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2650   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   98.74%   98.74%           
=======================================
  Files          93       93           
  Lines        4219     4232   +13     
=======================================
+ Hits         4166     4179   +13     
  Misses         53       53           

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[chrispy-chicken]

ready for feedback!