Implemented Comprehensive Exception Handling in OS Kernel

[mintsuku]

Description:

This pull request introduces a broad range of exception handlers to enhance the robustness and stability of our operating system kernel. By covering a spectrum from common exceptions and advanced ones such as the SIMD Floating-Point Exception and the Virtualization Exception, we ensure our system is prepared to handle various fault scenarios gracefully.

Key highlights include:

• Hardware and Virtualization Support: Introduction of handlers for the x87 Floating-Point Exception (#MF), SIMD Floating-Point Exception (#XM/#XF), and Virtualization Exception (#VE), ensuring compatibility and optimization for hardware-accelerated operations and virtualized environments.
• Control Flow and Security Enhancements: Implementation of the Control Protection Exception (#CP) and VMM Communication Exception (#VC) handlers, bolstering our system's control flow integrity and virtual machine communication capabilities.

Each handler has been carefully implemented to preserve system state and provide meaningful logging where possible, utilizing the SerialPort for output. This approach not only aids in diagnosing issues but also enhances the overall security and reliability of the system.

This PR closes #20

[EthanPlant]

LGTM, probably gonna want a review from @parkerstafford or @mdpatelcsecon though

[mdpatelcsecon]

Need to remove the unnecessary blank lines introduced in various places but otherwise looks good. Running cargo fmt is always a good idea but that only fixes the Rust files and not assembly file or the makefile.

Make sure to test everything as well.

Resolved